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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1982

Social, spatial and political determinants of U.S. abortion rates.

Abortion rates in the United States have risen annually since the 1973 Supreme Court decision. The regions with the greatest rate increases are the Southern and Plains states; the lowest rate increases were in regions which had high abortion rates soon after abortion was legalized. While spatial contiguity appears to influence abortion rates, that is, states with high rates of abortion are clustered spatially, social and political influence are also evident. Ratification of the equal rights amendment, the seeking of abortion outside the state of residence, and the degree of urbanization within a state are variables which influenced U.S. abortion rates between 1973 and 1977.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1975

Fertility rates and abortion rates: simulations of family limitation.

A computerized model that simulates reproductive events during the childbearing years of a cohort of women is used to analyze the impact of contraception and induced abortion on fertility. Four different reproductive regimens are investigated: (2) contraception only, (2) abortion only, (3) abortion as a backstop to contraception, and (4) combinations of abortion and contraception. It is concluded that in historical as well as in modern populations, levels of fertility near replacement are unlikely to be obtained without the use of induced abortion.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1989

Evaluation of variations in pregnancy rates, implantation rates and early abortion rates within an in-vitro fertilization programme.

Despite the application at this clinic of a standardized programme for in-vitro fertilization of human oocytes over the last 27 months, great variations in the rates of implantation, clinical pregnancy and early abortion have been observed during certain periods. A retrospective evaluation of these results showed that these variations occurred in periods when various commercially available batches of Earle's medium (the medium was the only variable changed during the 27 months) were used and that two sub-optimal batches of Earle's medium from one of the sources used during one of three periods (period 2) was most likely to be responsible for sub-optimal embryo quality and, consequently, for a halving of the pregnancy rate (30 versus 15%) and of the implantation rate (11 versus 5%) and an increase in the early abortion rate (23 versus 50%). It is concluded that the quality of the culture medium is of major importance for the success of an IVF programme. The factor(s) in the medium responsible for the decrease in embryo quality has not been identified.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1997

The role of access in explaining state abortion rates.

The likelihood of having an abortion in the U.S.A. is strongly dependent upon where a woman lives. Abortion rates vary markedly from state to state, and these variations have been increasing, especially in recent years. Path analysis shows the causal structure of public demand and access variables that determined state abortion rates in 1991 and 1992. Access variables, including the restrictiveness of state laws regulating abortion, state funding of abortions for poor women and the availability of hospital abortions, affect abortion rates directly. Greater accessibility leads to higher abortion rates. Public demand variables affect abortion rates both directly and indirectly through access conditions. The number of women at risk of unintended pregnancies leads to higher abortion rates directly and indirectly through its effects on medical access. Per capita income, percent Catholic, and percent of the population born outside the state affect abortion rates indirectly through the access variables. High per capita income leads directly to greater availability of hospital abortions, higher levels of state funding of abortions for poor women, less restrictive state abortion laws, and indirectly to higher abortion rates. States with large non-native populations have less restrictive abortion laws and higher abortion rates. The presence of a large Catholic population reduces the number of hospitals offering abortion services and leads indirectly to lower abortion rates. The interaction of public demand and access at the state level creates geographically varying environments in which abortion decisions are made.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Community determinants of U.S. legal abortion rates.

The availability of abortion services--the number of facilities and the number of types of agencies providing abortions--is the most powerful determinant of variations in abortion rates in U.S. metropolitan communities. The increase in abortion availability is also the most important factor in explaining the increase in abortion rates that occurred between 1973 and 1975. Other factors affecting abortion rates (but less substantially) include rural residence, population density, female labor force participation, the proportion Catholic and the proportion receiving public assistance.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1993

Variation in spontaneous abortion rate relates to the indication for therapeutic donor insemination.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between indications for donor insemination and the rate of spontaneous abortion of these pregnancies. METHODS: All therapeutic donor insemination pregnancies from our clinic over a 15-year period were categorized according to the indications for insemination, recipient's age, cycle of conception, use of ovulation-inducing agents, use of fresh or frozen semen, and pregnancy outcome. Spontaneous abortion rates were compared between groups segregated according to the indication for donor insemination; differences in maternal age were taken into account. Statistical evaluation was done using chi 2 analysis. RESULTS: Women whose partners produced some sperm in their ejaculates had a spontaneous abortion rate of 21.8%, as compared to 15.4% for women whose partners were azoospermic (P < .05). When couples with oligospermia were segregated by degree of oligospermia, those with counts greater than 2 x 10(6)/mL had an abortion rate of 26.2%, as compared to 11.7% in those with counts less than 1 x 10(6)/mL (P < .025). CONCLUSIONS: The indication for performing therapeutic donor insemination has an influence on the resultant spontaneous abortion rate. Several possible reasons for this relationship may exist, but more data will be needed for verification. A better understanding of the influences that the indication for donor insemination has upon the outcome will facilitate more accurate counseling of candidate couples.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1996

Declining induced abortion rate in Finland: data quality of the Finnish abortion register.

BACKGROUND: Induced abortion rates have declined in Finland since 1973. A possible explanation offered has been that of deteriorating data collection. METHODS: To assess the completeness of the Register, we compared the information from a consecutive sample of hospital records (N = 482) to the Finnish Abortion Register in 18 hospitals in three counties. A smaller consecutive sample (N = 345) was collected from the same hospitals to assess the validity of the Register information. RESULTS: Only five abortions (1 percent) found in the hospitals were not reported in the Abortion Register. A total of 95 percent of all the length of pregnancy (definition problems), the classification of the abortion procedure, and social class (out-of-date classifications). Furthermore, early complications were poorly reported. CONCLUSIONS: The data from the Finnish Abortion Register are a reliable source for monitoring trends in the abortion rate and its variation by subgroups, but are an unreliable source for the study of the medical aspects of induced abortion.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1988

Correcting spontaneous abortion rates for the presence of induced abortion.

This paper introduces a method for correcting spontaneous abortion rates by taking into consideration the fact that a number of spontaneous abortions are "prevented" by induced abortions. This correction may be important in settings of high induced abortion incidence. The method is then applied to the data of the Italian region of Lombardy. The results obtained are compared to those obtained with previous correction methods, and it is concluded that the present method is useful and appropriate when data on induced and spontaneous abortions are available by gestational age.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1992

The influence of the post-Chernobyl fallout on birth defects and abortion rates in Austria.

OBJECTIVES: We analyzed the influence of the radioactive fallout after the Chernobyl disaster on the rate and regional distribution of birth defects and abortion rates in southern Austria. STUDY DESIGN: During 1985 to 1989 a total of 66,743 births was monitored. Twelve sources provided data on 1695 cases of birth defects, 1579 of which were suitable for analysis. All cases were analyzed in terms of their calculated conception date and divided into three main groups according to their vulnerable phase of embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and oogenesis. To study possible regional changes, the findings were plotted in 17 political subdistricts. The overall abortion rate and the counseling frequency at termination clinics was determined. RESULTS: No significant changes in the incidence of birth defects, abortion rate, or counseling rate at pregnancy termination clinics were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Assessing the teratologic potential of low-dose radiation is difficult and requires adequate grouping of birth defects, sufficient baseline data, and highly reliable registries.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of economic conditions and access to reproductive health services on state abortion rates and birthrates.

The effects that such factors as wages, welfare policies and access to physicians, family planning clinics and abortion providers have on abortion rates and birthrates are examined in analyses based on 1978-1988 state-level data and longitudinal regression techniques. The incidence of abortion is found to be lower in states where access to providers is reduced and state policies are restrictive. Calculations indicate that decreased access may have accounted for about one-quarter of the 5% decline in abortion rates between 1988 and 1992. In addition, birthrates are elevated where the costs of contraception are higher because access to obstetrician-gynecologists and family planning services is reduced. Economic resources such as higher wages for men and women and generous welfare benefits are significantly and consistently related to increased birthrates; however, even a 10% cut in public assistance benefits would result in only one birth fewer for every 212 women on welfare. Economic factors showed no consistent relationship with abortion rates.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1997

Similar pregnancy and spontaneous abortion rates after treatment with low-dose human menopausal gonadotropin versus pure follicle stimulating hormone in women with luteal phase defects.

The study presented herewith was designed to compare the pregnancy and abortion rates in patients treated with gonadotropin preparations with and without LH content based on data suggesting that higher serum LH levels during the follicular phase may reduce subsequent pregnancy rates and increase spontaneous abortion rates. Infertile patients with luteal phase defects related to releasing eggs prior to complete follicular maturation were treated with either ultra-low dose (75 IU) hMG or pure FSH. The pregnancy rates for first treatment cycles for hMG versus pure FSH was 22.7% and 20.3%, respectively. The spontaneous abortion rates were also similar (8.0% and 9.1%). There were no multiple births resulting from these 36 pregnancies. Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome was not observed in any of the 164 stimulation cycles. Thus these results show no advantage in choosing a preparation devoid of LH therefore giving the patient the opportunity to purchase the least expensive medication that is available.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1983

Abortion rate in pregnancies following ovulation induced by human menopausal gonadotropin/human chorionic gonadotropin.

Despite the high incidence of fetal loss following gonadotropin therapy, the etiologic, factors that contribute to this loss remain unknown. In 203 women who conceived following gonadotropin therapy, the abortion rate was 28.5%. However, in 84 women who conceived a second time, also with gonadotropin treatment, the abortion rate was 11.9%. Second- and third-degree hyperstimulation of the ovary are accompanied by a 50% abortion rate, and the occurrence of abortion is more frequent in the first pregnancy. The contribution of multiple pregnancy, maternal age, and number of gonadotropin treatment cycles are also evaluated and discussed.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1994

Contraception in The Netherlands: the low abortion rate explained.

This article gives a review of the main factors that are related to the low abortion rate in the Netherlands. Attention is payed to figures on abortion and the use of contraceptive methods since the beginning of the 1960s up to the end of the 1980s. The strong acceptance of family planning was influenced by changing values regarding sexuality and the family, the transition from an agricultural to a modern industrial society, rapid economic growth, declining influence of the churches on daily life, introduction of modern mass media and the increased general educational level. The introduction of modern contraceptives (mainly the pill and contraceptive sterilization) was stimulated by a strong voluntary family planning movement, fear for overpopulation, a positive role of GPs, and the public health insurance system. A reduction of unwanted pregnancies has been accomplished through successful strategies for the prevention of teenage pregnancy (including sex education, open discussions on sexuality in mass media, educational campaigns and low barrier services) as well as through wide acceptance of sterilization. The Dutch experience with family planning shows the following characteristics: a strong wish to reduce reliance on abortion, ongoing sexual and contraceptive education related to the actual experiences of the target groups, and low barrier family planning services.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1988

Spontaneous abortion rate in ultrasonographically viable pregnancies.

In a prospective study of 500 patients who had an ultrasonically viable pregnancy at less than 12 weeks' gestation, the spontaneous abortion rate was 2% overall. In those women with a history of spontaneous abortion, the abortion rate increased tenfold. Spontaneous abortion at less than ten weeks' gestation was up to three times higher than that at greater than ten weeks' gestation; this may have implications when deciding on the timing of first-trimester diagnostic procedures.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1990

Spontaneous abortion rate and advanced maternal age: consequences for prenatal diagnosis.

Maternal age related and procedure-related fetal abortion rates were studied in 384 women aged 36 and over scheduled for transabdominal chorionic villus sampling (TA-CVS) at 12-14 weeks of gestation. The pre-TA-CVS abortion rate within 30 days of intake (at 6-10 weeks of gestation) rose from 1.9% at age 35-36 years to 10.9% at 40 years and older. Women entering in the 6th week of gestation had a greater probability of aborting before TA-CVS than women entering after day 48. 26 women aborted spontaneously before TA-CVS, the majority of abortions occurring at 10-12 weeks. TA-CVS was done in 346 women. 11 pregnancies were terminated because of genetic anomalies, and 8 women had spontaneous fetal loss. These findings justify delaying prenatal diagnosis in older pregnant women until 12 weeks of gestation.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1995

The effect of sera antisperm antibodies in the female partner on in vivo and in vitro pregnancy and spontaneous abortion rates.

PROBLEM: To determine the incidence of antisperm antibodies (ASA) in female sera from infertile couples or those suffering from recurrent abortions. Also to determine if the pregnancy and/or abortion rates are any higher in those positive versus those negative for ASA. METHOD: All registered patients had sera drawn and ASA measured by indirect immunobead test on initial study. Pregnancy and abortion rates were determined for patients undergoing in vivo or in vitro therapy. RESULTS: There was a low incidence of ASA in patients having in vivo or in vitro treatment. There was no decrease in pregnancy rates (PRs) or increase in spontaneous abortions (SAB) in those positive for ASA. CONCLUSION: Antisperm antibodies in female sera do not seem to be etiologic in causing infertility or SAB. Future studies might consider changing the antigen source from donor sperm to husband's sperm.

Abortion, Habitual↗