Antifertility effect in mice of medicinal plant of family Acanthaceae.
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Animals↗
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Antifertility activity of a medicinal plant of the genus Andrografis wall (family Acanthaceae). Part II.
Six weeks old male and female mice belonging to Wister strain were put on diets supplemented to the extent of 0.75% by the powdered stem of A. peniculata Nees for one, two, three and four weeks and the effect on fertility and gestational period was observed. Significant reduction in fertility was observed after three and four weeks of feeding in the group containing the treated males and the untreated females. In the same group the gestation period was also prolonged after four weeks of feeding. There was virtually no change in fertility and gestational period in the treated females and the untreated males during any stage of the experiment.
Animals↗
Genomic analyses of three Acanthus L. species provide insight into polyploidization-driven speciation and evolution.
Allopolyploidy fundamentally influences plant evolution, yet the genomic dynamics of allotetraploidization remain incompletely understood. We investigated Acanthus tetraploideus (2n = 4x = 96), an ecologically significant allotetraploid true mangrove from Indo-West Pacific intertidal zones. Our prior integrative investigations indicate that A. tetraploideus originated through hybridization of the diploid species A. ilicifolius and A. ebracteatus with subsequent chromosome doubling. Here, we present complete chromosome-scale genome assemblies for all three species, representing the first genomic resources for true mangrove polyploid research. Our analysis reveals that the three species have experienced at least four rounds of polyploidization events, with the most recent, approximately 53 mya, possibly an Acanthus-specific event. The allotetraploid A. tetraploideus, which emerged between 1.5 and 2.2 mya, has A. ebracteatus as its maternal progenitor and A. ilicifolius as its paternal one. Through a comprehensive genomic comparison and analysis of homoeologous gene expression, we propose a gradual evolutionary trajectory for allotetraploidy in A. tetraploideus. Despite the allotetraploidization event dating back to around 2 mya, A. tetraploideus retains a high degree of colinearity with its ancestral genomes, with the majority (76.2%) of duplicated genes retained and no significant sub-genome bias in gene expression. Furthermore, we have identified positive selection in specific genes that may facilitate the adaptation of Acanthus mangrove species to their intertidal habitats. These findings establish A. tetraploideus as a model for studying allopolyploid evolution while providing new insights into mangrove speciation processes.
Genome, Plant↗
Evolutionary legacy of the "living fossil" genus Parrotia (Hamamelidaceae): genomic insights into species divergence and polygenic adaptation.
Despite their long evolutionary history, the genomic basis of adaptation and speciation in "living fossil" plants remain largely unexplored. Parrotia, a Tertiary relict tree genus with two extant species, P. subaequalis and P. persica, exhibits a disjunct distribution between East Asia and West Asia. Here, we present the first chromosome-level assemblies for both species, confirmed their sibling relationship, and dated the speciation event to the early Miocene. The recent proliferation of long-terminal repeat retrotransposons has driven the genome expansion in P. subaequalis. We detected widespread heterogeneous genomic differentiation between species. Extensive signals of divergent selection, local adaptation, and elevated Ka/Ks ratios in Parrotia indicate that this genus has undergone adaptive evolution in distinct refugia, challenging the notion of it as an "evolutionary dead end". Our findings provide new insights into the genomic evolution, environmental adaptation, and speciation of this "living fossil" tree genus.
Genome, Plant↗