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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

[Studies on structural elucidation of Aconitum diterpenoid alkaloid by LC-APCI-MS and effects of Aconitum diterpenoid alkaloid on cutaneous blood flow].

The chemical constituents of Aconitum yesoense var. macroyesoense and Aconitum japonicum were examined using high-resolution spectral analysis. Twelve novel alkaloids were isolated from A. yesoense var. macroyesoense together with 20 known alkaloids. Eight novel alkaloids were isolated from A. japonicum together with 15 known alkaloids. An HPLC-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-APCI-MS) method was useful for the simultaneous determination of 21 Aconitum alkaloids found in A. yesoense var. macroyesoense and A. japonicum. These compounds were fairly stable under the conditions used, and the protonated molecules or fragment ions characteristic of the molecule appeared as base peaks in the mass spectra and were used for selected ion monitoring. HPLC-APCI-MS is a very promising approach for structural investigations of positional isomers and stereoisomers. This method was applied successfully to stereoisomeric Aconitum alkaloids differing in configuration at C-1, -6, or -12. Comparison of the APCI spectra showed that the abundance of fragment ions was significantly higher for the C-1, -6, or -12 beta-form alkaloid than for C-1, -6, or -12 alpha-form alkaloid. The main alkaloid constituents in the root of A. yesoense var. macroyesoense, Aconitum alkaloids of the C20-diterpenoid type, kobusine and pseudokobusine, and their acyl derivatives were examined for their peripheral vasoactivities by measuring laser-flowmetrically the cutaneous blood flow in the hind foot of mice after intravenous administration. It is thought that the hydroxyl groups of alkaloids, especially a free OH group of pseudokobusine at C-6, were important for action on the peripheral vasculature leading to dilatation, and the results indicated that esterification of the hydroxyl group at C-15 with either anisoate, veratroate, or p-nitroben-zoate may contribute to enhancement of the activity of the parent alkaloids.

Aconitum↗
PubMed2003

[Study on Aconitum diterpenoid alkaloids from flowers of Aconitum kusnezoffi and its decoction by ESI-MS].

AIM: To study the change of chemical compound after decocting the flowers of Aconitum kusnzoffii Reichb (FAK) by analyzing the alkaloids in FAK and the decoction of FAK qualitatively. METHODS: The alkaloid extracts of FAK and alkaloid mixtures in the decoction of FAK were directly analyzed by electrospray ionization trap tandem mass spectrometry via by pump. RESULTS: Three novel aconitum alkaloids were found in FAK. In addition, it is found that both diester diterpenoid alkaloids and triester diterpenoid alkaloids were hydrolyzed in the decoction of FAK. The hydrolysis products of the diester-alkaloids are benzoylaconines and aconines; the hydrolysis products of the triester-alkaloids are 3-acetyl-aconines. CONCLUSION: ESI-MS" method is suitable for the analysis of Aconitum alkaloids in the decoction of FAK as well as other Aconitum plants, which offers the advantages of convenience, speed, sensitivity and specificity.

Aconitum↗
PubMed2006

The plasma glucose lowering action of Hei-Shug-Pian, the fire-processed product of the root of Aconitum (Aconitum carmichaeli), in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

The anti-hyperglycemic action of Hei-Shug-Pian, the fire-processed product of the root of Aconitum (Aconitum carmichaeli), was investigated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic (STZ-diabetic) rats. At 120 min following oral administration of Hei-Shug-Pian at doses ranging from 12.5 to 50 mg/kg, plasma glucose of STZ-diabetic rats was found to be decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Under treatment conditions wherein plasma glucose was lowered, the uptake of glucose into soleus muscle was increased and the incorporation of glucose into glycogen of hepatocytes was enhanced. The plasma glucose-lowering effect of Hei-Shug-Pian was eliminated by blockade of opioid mu-receptors. Moreover, Hei-Shug-Pian treatment failed to lower plasma glucose in opioid mu-receptor knockout diabetic mice. The findings obtained in this study support the conclusion that Hei-Shug-Pian lowers the plasma glucose concentrations of STZ-diabetic rats through activation of opioid mu-receptors of peripheral tissues, resulting in enhanced glucose utilization.

Aconitum↗
PubMed1995

Effects of decoctions prepared from Aconitum carmichaeli, Aconitum kusnezoffii and Tripterygium wilfordii on serum lactate dehydrogenase activity and histology of liver, kidney, heart and gonad in mice.

Mature ICR mice were randomly divided into groups and treated with various doses (1 mg, 5 mg or 10 mg herb/25 g body weight) of a decoction of one of three following Chinese medicinal herbs: Aconitum carmichaeli, Aconitum kusnezoffi and Tripterygium wilfordii, once daily for 4 days. Twenty four hours after the last injection the animals were bled and the blood samples were stored at -20 degrees C until assay for liver lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isozyme activity. The livers, kidneys, hearts and gonads were dissected out, immediately fixed in Bouin's fluid, and subsequently processed for histological examination. It was found that the gonads and hearts of the drug-treated mice were histologically similar to those of control animals. After treatment with the lowest dose of the herbs i.e. 1 mg/25 body weight, the liver and kidney did not undergo observable changes. However, the herbs at the doses of 5 mg and 10 mg/25 g body weight produced damaging effects on the liver and kidney, the effects produced by the higher dose being more dramatic. The tissue damage was accompanied by elevations of liver LDH isozyme activity in the serum.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[The analysis of Aconitum by FTIR].

Aconitum is one of an important officinal and noxious plant. Two different Aconitum have been analysed qualitatively by means of FTIR spectrum. The results showed that each component of different Aconitum has the characteristic frequency. The toxicity of processed Aconitum was lower than the toxicity of fresh Aconitum, and can be discriminated from others by FTIR spectrum. This is useful for the further on-line quantitative Aconitum and quality control of processed Aconitum and fresh Aconitum. This method is relatively more precise and quicker, and not damaging of the sample.

Aconitine↗
PubMed2006

Hidden aconite poisoning: identification of yunaconitine and related aconitum alkaloids in urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Poisoning from aconite occurs worldwide as a result of misuse of the potent plant. Laboratory investigation into suspected intoxication cases is challenging because the content of toxic aconitum alkaloids varies depending on the plant source, market processing, dosing protocol, hydrolytic degradation, and metabolic transformation. Using a triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer, a group screening method was developed based on the mass-fragmentographic scheme of common aconitum alkaloids. The precursor-ion scans of m/z 105 and 135 permitted selective profiling of 14-O-benzoyl-norditerpenoids and the 14-O-anisoyl-norditerpenoids, respectively. Gradient reversed-phase liquid chromatography minimized coelution of isobaric compounds. The screening protocol was applied to a clinical investigation of suspected herbal poisoning. In total, 15 urine samples were thus screened positive for aconitum alkaloid over 5 years. The diagnoses of aconite poisoning in 11 patients were firmly established based on the known prescription history and the positive urine finding. In four patients, without aconitum herbs being listed in the herbal prescriptions, contamination of the herbal remedies by aconite was suspected to be the hidden cause of their acute poisoning. Yunaconitne, a highly toxic aconitum alkaloid, was thus identified in human urine for the first time. The group screening method of aconitum alkaloids in urine is an important diagnostic aid for acute poisoning by aconites of an unclear origin.

Aconitine↗
PubMed1998

The effects of Aconitum alkaloids on the central nervous system.

Preparations of Aconitum roots are employed in Chinese and Japanese medicine for analgesic, antirheumatic and neurological indications. The recent surge in use of phytomedicine derived from traditional Chinese medicine as well as increasing concerns about possible toxic effects of these compounds have inspired a great deal of research into the mechanisms by which certain Aconitum alkaloids may act on the central nervous system. The pharmacological effects of preparations of Aconitum roots are attributed to several diterpenoid alkaloids. The main alkaloid of these plants is aconitine, a highly toxic diterpenoid alkaloid which is known to suppress the inactivation of voltage-dependent Na+ channels by binding to neurotoxin binding site 2 of the alpha-subunit of the channel protein. In this article the pharmacology of several structurally related Aconitum alkaloids is highlighted and their therapeutic vs toxic potential is discussed. Neurochemical and neurophysiological studies will be reviewed with emphasis on the effects of the alkaloids in regions of the brain that have been implicated in pain transmission and generation of epileptic activity. Considering the chemical structure of the Aconitum alkaloids as well as their mechanism of action, a subdivision in three groups becomes obvious: the first group comprises such alkaloids which possess high toxicity due to two ester boundings at the diterpene skeleton. The members of this group activate voltage-dependent sodium channels already at resting potential and inhibit noradrenaline reuptake. Activation of sodium channels and in consequence excessive depolarization with final inexcitability and suppression of pain transmission account for their antinociceptive properties. The second group comprises less toxic monoesters which have been shown to possess strong antinociceptive, antiarrhythmic and antiepileptiform properties due to a blockade of the voltage-dependent sodium channel. Electrophysiological studies have revealed a use-dependent inhibition of neuronal activity by these alkaloids. They seem to be competitive antagonists of the group I-alkaloids. The third group of Aconitum alkaloids are lacking an ester side chain in the molecule. Toxicity is markedly reduced when compared with the two other groups. They fail to affect neuronal activity, but are reported to have antiarrhythmic actions suggesting that they may have different affinities to various subtypes of the alpha-subunit of the Na+ channel in brain and heart.

Aconitine↗