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Results for “Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome--statistics”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Effect of bovine lactoferrin on a transmissible AIDS-like disease in mice.

The effect of bovine lactoferrin (bLF) was examined on an AIDS-like disease (ALD) in mice. Induction of disease was achieved by inoculation with infected cell-free plasma from diseased mice to uninfected ones. The effect of treatment with bLF was investigated when administered simultaneously with the virus, 20 days prior to infection, or 20 days after infection. Animals underwent clinical surveillance and enumeration of white blood cells (WBC) and lymphocytes, as well as fluorescent staining of CD4 and CD8 bearing cells. Simultaneous administration of bLF and virus did not affect the pattern of ALD progress along the course of the experiment. Pretreatment with bLF prior to virus inoculation abolished on day 21 the detrimental effect of viral infection that lasted for two months. An opposite outcome was observed when bLF was administered 20 days after the virus. It seems that bLF had played a preventive role for a restricted period of time. However, an adverse response was elicited when bLF was administered 20 days after viral infection.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Quantitative neuropathologic correlates of changes in ratio of N-acetylaspartate to creatine in macaque brain.

PURPOSE: To elucidate the neuropathologic basis of transient changes in the ratio of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) to creatine (Cr) in the primate brain by using a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected macaque model of the neurologic manifestation of acquired immune deficiency syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was approved by the Massachusetts General Hospital Subcommittee on Research and Animal Care and the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Harvard University. Rhesus macaques infected with SIV were evaluated during the 1st month of infection. A total of 11 animals were studied, including four control animals, three animals sacrificed 12 days after infection, three animals sacrificed 14 days after infection, and one animal sacrificed 28 days after infection. All animals underwent in vivo proton ((1)H) magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy, and postmortem frontal lobe tissue was investigated by using high-spectral-resolution (1)H MR spectroscopy of brain extracts. In addition, quantitative neuropathologic analyses were performed. Stereologic analysis was performed to determine neuronal counts, and immunohistochemical analysis was performed to analyze three neuronal markers: synaptophysin, microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), and calbindin. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine substantial changes in neuropathologic and MR spectroscopic markers. Spearman rank correlations were calculated between plasma viral load and neuropathologic and spectroscopic markers. RESULTS: During acute infection with SIV, the macaque brain exhibited significant changes in NAA/Cr (P < .02, ANOVA) and synaptophysin (P < .013, ANOVA). There was no significant change in the concentration of Cr. No significant changes were found in neuronal counts or other immunohistochemical neuronal markers. With the Spearman rank test, a significant direct correlation was detected between synaptophysin and ex vivo NAA/Cr (r(s) = 0.72, P < .013). No correlation between NAA/Cr and neuronal counts, calbindin, or MAP2 was found. CONCLUSION: NAA/Cr is a sensitive marker of neuronal injury, not necessarily neuronal loss, and best correlates with synaptophysin, a marker of synaptodendritic dysfunction.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

HIV in Namibia.

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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cambodia seeks help for AIDS patients.

Cambodia's National AIDS Program (NAP) appealed for help to fight the spread of HIV. The appeal followed figures issued by the NAP that an estimated 120,000 Cambodians have been infected with HIV, according to Hor Bun Leng, NAP. In August 1995, the World Health Organization (WHO) revised the estimate of Cambodian HIV cases to 30,000 from the previous figure of 5000. The figure was revised upwards again in November 1995 to between 50,000 and 90,000. "The estimated figure for HIV-infected persons in 1996 is 120,000 cases and for people suffering from [advanced] AIDS ... we [have] estimate[d] a least 1000 cases," Hor Bun Leng said. "It's a very, very serious problem. We know how to handle it, how to get the information out to the people, and how to get success, but we need more money--we need funding from any donor agency which could help," he said. The NAP believes that 40,000 people or more could be AIDS patients by the turn of the century. "The WHO says we should spend at least $1 per person for the anti-AIDS campaign. In Thailand the government spent $80 million for a population of about 65 million people. But I have 10 million people and only between $200,000 and $300,000," Hor Bun Leng said. "[In 1995] we only heard about AIDS cases in Phnom Penh, but now we get reports from the provincial level throughout the country," he said. He said most provincial hospitals report new AIDS cases every month. "We don't know how to curb the HIV/AIDS problem. We need money for educational material, but we don't have enough financial resources."

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2000

Thais worried by AIDS risk among teenagers.

Thailand is on the right track in its fight against AIDS, but there are signs of a rise in teenage infections, its National AIDS Committee said. Committee spokesman Somtrong Rakphoa said Thailand has been successful in limiting HIV infections since estimating 3 years ago there would be 2 million people infected by 2000. "As of today the Public Health Ministry estimates only 1 million people are infected," he told a news conference. However, while infection among high-risk groups was generally declining, signs were that infection among teenagers was rising. "Studies show that only 20% of teenagers use condoms during sexual intercourse and there are signs of a rising trend of teenage infections," Somtrong said without elaborating. Surveys showed that HIV infection among male military conscripts had fallen to 1.2% in late 1999 from 4% in 1992. For blood donors, the infection rate fell to 0.41% from 1.2% over the same period. Somtrong said the 2.9% rate among pregnant women in 1995 had fallen to 1.5%, while the 9.48% rate for female sex workers in 1994 had declined to 6.5%. However, infection among intravenous drug users had risen from 39% in 1989 to 51% of those surveyed, he said. Somtrong said about 40,000 people had died of AIDS in Thailand since 1985.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗