PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Adaptation, Physiological”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Effects of Time-Based and Distance-Based Repeated Sprint Training on Physical and Physiological Adaptations in Collegiate Basketball Players.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the effects of time-based (TB) and distance-based (DB) repeated-sprint training (RST) on athletic performance adaptations in collegiate basketball players during preseason and to examine whether the 2 training prescriptions produce different levels of homogeneity in the magnitude of individual adaptations. METHODS: Thirty young male basketball players (age = 21.3 [1.4]&#xa0;y) were randomly and equally assigned to 3 groups (n = 10): DB-RST, TB-RST, and an active control group. Participants completed a 7-week RST program performed 3 times per week, consisting of 4 sets of 4 to 9 repetitions per session. The DB-RST group completed each sprint by covering a fixed 35-m distance, whereas the TB-RST group performed each sprint maximally for a fixed 5-second duration. Performance assessments including countermovement vertical jump, 20-m sprint, Illinois change-of-direction speed, reactive strength index, Wingate anaerobic power, and cardiorespiratory fitness were conducted before and after the 7-week training period. RESULTS: Both training groups demonstrated significant performance improvements over the 7-week intervention and relative to the control group (P < .05). Similar gains were observed in the magnitude of adaptations in the countermovement vertical jump, 20-m sprint, Illinois change-of-direction speed, and reactive strength index for the DB-RST and TB-RST groups. Interestingly, the TB-RST group showed more gains than the DB-RST in the magnitude of adaptations in the peak and mean power outputs, as well as cardiorespiratory fitness. Moreover, the TB-RST group showed lower intersubject variability in adaptive responses across the measured performance outcomes following the training intervention. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that RST effectively enhances the performance of basketball players, and that implementing a TB-RST protocol is more effective than a DB-RST approach for producing greater adaptations in physiological variables-specifically anaerobic power output and cardiorespiratory fitness-over the 7-week preseason period.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Metabolic changes in Crithidia fasciculata accompanying physiological adaptation to growth in the presence of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone.

1. Crithidia fasciculata adapted to growth in the presence of 10(-5) M carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation, maintained adenosine phosphate pools and an adenylate energy charge comparable to those of control cells. 2. CCCP-adapted cells in the presence of the uncoupler respire endogenous substrate at a greater rate than control cells and this effect of CCCP appears readily reversible. 3. CCCP-treated, adapted cells, supporting high endogenous respiration rates, were not responsive to added substrates which significantly stimulated the oxygen utilization of normal C. fasciculata. 4. CCCP-adapted cells, provided with [U-14C]-labeled proline, utilize this substrate at 67% the rate of control cells, but divide the isotopic label between CO2 and protein in a ratio identical to that of normal cells. 5. The transport of alanine and proline by adapted C. fasciculata was severely impaired, while the transport of tyrosine and leucine was unaffected.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1979

Effect of a low protein diet during pregnancy of the rhesus monkey. II. Physiological adaptation of the infant.

Heart rate, respiratory rate, and ability to maintain body temperature were evaluated in six infants born to rhesus monkeys that had been fed a low protein diet throughout pregnancy. All infants were kept in incubations equipped with a "servo" control thermal unit that maintained the infants' skin temperature at 37.0 C (98.6 F). The thermal units were disconnected and the infants were exposed to room temperature (approximately 27 C) for 6-hr periods each day after 24 hr of age in order to determine the efficiency of thermal control mechanism. The thermal servo control units were "on" for a longer period of time in experimental animals than in control animals during the first 24 hr of life. Infants from mothers fed the low protein diets were also less able to maintain their own body temperatures after exposure to room temperature. This function was seriously compromised in two of the six experimental infants. The compromised temperature control mechanism seen in these infant monkeys is a serious and potentially lethal side-effect of protein-calorie malnutrition during pregnancy. The possible relationship of inadequate maternal nutrition to the inefficient thermal mechanism of certain "high risk" human newborns should be reevaluated.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1977

Human physiological adaptability through the life sequence.

Changes in organ function from birth to old age were investigated from published data. In essence, the observations of Shock and colleagues on maximal breathing capacity, vital capacity, glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, basal metabolic rate (BMR), ulnar nerve conduction velocity, cardiac index, and intracellular water (ICW) for the age period 30 to 85 years were extended to the time of birth. There were two principal findings. First, with the exception of BMR and ICW, these functional indices increased from a low point at birth to a maximum between 3 and 20 years of age and then after 30 years declined progressively to 85 years; BMR declined from a maximum in infancy and ICW peaked at about 30 years and then declinded. Second, the coefficient of variation increased regularly from birth to old age. Because the peak of organ function coincided with the period of minimal mortality, the curve of organ function across the life sequence was considered to represent changes in adaptive capacity. Supporting evidence from studies of physical fitness, thermoregulation, and seasonal change of mortality was considered. It was concluded that these shifts in adaptive capacity between birth and old age were fundamental baselines for investigations of the epidemiology of health.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1979

Physiological adaptation in relation to hyperosmotic stress in the epidermis of a fresh-water teleost Barbus sophor (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae): a histochemical study.

The changes in distribution of mucopolysaccharides, glycogen and protein bound sulphydryl groups of cysteine in the various cellular components of the epidermis of Barbus sophor along with its structural alterations as a result of hyperosmotic stress, have been described using histochemical techniques. The hyperosmotic saline induces a cyclic secretion of acid mucopolysaccharides by the mucous cells. Simultaneously the polygonal cells also show a marked disturbance in the processes of mucogenesis and keratinization, indicating an inverse relationship between the degree of keratinization and the amount of mucus secreted by epidermis. The role of glycogen in the polygonal cells has been discussed in relation to disturbed mucogenesis. The appearance of intercellular spaces in basal layer and middle layer has been correlated with the passage for movement of increased amounts of nutrients through the skin.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1978

[Biorhythm structure as one of the criteria of the body's capacity for physiologic adaptation].

In order to establish the criteria of the organism's ability for adaptation, we examined 16 healthy subjects, 10 of whom were able to very well adapt themselves to changes in environment, whereas 6 subjects could not do that well enough. In the background examinations (and for the well-adapting subjects in examinations made after meridian crossing in flight), the blood pressure, heart rate, and capillaroscopic picture were recorded during 3 days 5 times a day. Apart from that, the biorhythmic structure of the natural nocturnal sleep EEG was analysed. The data obtained showed that the well-adapting subjects had these characteristics of the biorhythms structure: relatively higher mean values of the parameters under study, a major dispersion of these values over different hours of the day and night, and clear temporal structure of the 24-hr curve as expressed by occurrence of the maximal and the minimal values of the functions at the same hours.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1992

Seasonal effects on human physiological adaptation factors, thermotolerance and plasma fibronectin.

Plasma fibronectin (PF) influences shock survival and basal levels increase with active conditioning that improves human physiological adaptation factors (PAF) and thermotolerance (TT). To evaluate further PF's relationship with PAF and TT, the effects of passive conditioning with seasonal change (spring vs. summer) in New England on PAF, TT, basal PF level and PF level during hot-humid exercise (HHE; bicycling; 40 +/- 4% VO2max; 35 degrees C; 70% rh; 45 min) were examined in male subjects (28.2 +/- 1.6 years; N = 7; values are means +/- SE). The spring and summer studies were separated by 2 months. In addition, 2 months prior to the spring study, a winter basal PF pre-screening was conducted. Winter (287 +/- 36 micrograms/ml), spring (272 +/- 21 micrograms/ml), and summer (278 +/- 19 micrograms/ml) basal PF levels were similar. The PF response during HHE was unremarkable with seasonal change. PAF were improved, since blood volume (6266 +/- 276 vs. 5895 +/- 251 ml), plasma volume (3896 +/- 198 vs. 3601 +/- 165 ml) and HHE sweat rate (18.7 +/- 5.5 vs. 12.9 +/- 6.4 ml/min) were elevated (p < 0.05) in the summer compared to the spring. However, this was not accompanied by improved TT, since spring and summer rectal temperatures during HHE were similar, while summer heart rate was elevated (p < 0.05) compared to the spring. In contrast to active conditioning, passively-induced improvements in PAF were not associated with elevations in TT or PF level. Unlike PAF, PF elevations might only occur when the conditioning resulted in increased TT, which suggests a potential for PF as a TT marker.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Physiologic adaptations of pregnancy.

Normal pregnancy changes include physiologic anemia, leukocytosis, and thrombocytopenia. Cardiac rate and stroke volume increase, vascular resistance falls, and creatinine clearance markedly rises. Thyroid binding globulin and cortisol binding globulin both increase, as do complement proteins and fibrinogen, the latter resulting in a normally high erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Estrogen and progesterone rise dramatically. Low back pain, hip and sacroiliac complaints are common. The cytolytic activity of natural killer (NK) cells is decreased, as are adhesion and chemotaxis of phagocytic cells. Antibody responses are normal. CD4 cells proportionately decrease. A large number of circulating proteins suppression lymphocyte proliferation, and T-cell interleukin-2 (IL-2) production may be suppressed. In studies of pregnant patients, controls must include normal pregnant women.

Female↗