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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

Primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of the skin. A clinical, histological, and immunocytochemical comparison with adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary glands and adenoid basal cell carcinoma.

An adenoid cystic carcinoma of the skin was compared with three similar neoplasms of salivary glands and with an adenoid basal cell carcinoma, from unrelated cases. The histological and immunocytochemical details of these tumors were analyzed in an attempt to determine whether or not their differing clinical behaviors would be reflected in pathologic dissimilarities. Although the single adenoid cystic carcinoma of the skin did not recur or metastasize over a 10-year follow-up period, its morphologic and biochemical features were identical to those of biologically aggressive salivary gland tumors. All four adenoid cystic carcinomas contained carcinoembryonic antigen, epithelial membrane antigen, salivary-type amylase, and alpha-lactalbumin, and all bound peanut agglutinin. Three of four expressed positivity for S100 protein, and two contained low-molecular-weight cytokeratin. In contrast, none was immunoreactive for beta-2-microglobulin, and only one displayed blood group isoantigen positivity. The adenoid basal cell carcinoma was negative for all immunological determinants, but it bound peanut agglutinin. Although these results should be regarded as preliminary, it appears that adenoid cystic carcinoma is a pathologically distinct and uniform entity, whether it occurs in the skin or in salivary glands. However, the clinical behavior of this tumor cannot be predicted on the basis of immunohistochemical or morphological studies. Finally, adenoid basal cell carcinoma is histopathologically and immunocytochemically separable from cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Inter-observer variability in the clinical and radiological assessment of adenoid size, and the correlation with adenoid volume.

Forty-six children were independently assessed with respect to size of adenoids and other clinical features by 3 observers of differing experience. Similar assessment was made of adenoid area and post-nasal-space airway from lateral cephalometric X-rays. The inter-observer agreement for these findings has been calculated. Absolute agreement between observers for the assessments is poor and in some instances this is related to clinical experience. In relative terms the agreement is more satisfactory. A nasal obstruction score due to adenoid enlargement has been derived from assessment of mouth breathing and speech hyponasality and this is shown to correlate with the nasopharyngeal radiology score derived from visual assessment of the radiological adenoid area and post-nasal-space airway. The radiology score correlates well with measurements of the nasopharyngeal area made by planimetry. Both the radiology score and the nasal obstruction score correlate with the volume of adenoid tissue removed at adenoidectomy. This study provides the basis for a scoring system for the clinical and radiological assessment of adenoids in order to detect preoperatively those children most likely to benefit from adenoidectomy.

Adenoids↗
PubMed1985

Adenoid cystic and adenoid basal carcinomas of the cervix.

Adenoid basal and adenoid cystic carcinomas of the cervix are uncommon and differ from each other in their histology, treatment, and prognosis. Whereas adenoid basal carcinoma is a slow-growing, locally invasive lesion amenable to simply hysterectomy, adenoid cystic carcinoma is an aggressive tumor associated with regional lymph node involvement and late pulmonary metastases. This study, based on the evaluation of nine cases of adenoid cystic and five cases of adenoid basal carcinoma of the cervix, reviews the literature and formulates a program for the management of these rare lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Nasal obstruction. Adenoiditis vs adenoid hypertrophy.

The terms "adenoiditis" and "adenoid hyperplasia" are often used interchangeably to describe posterior nasal obstruction in children, tending to obscure indications for adenoidectomy. To more clearly define the role of the adenoid bed in nasal obstruction and its relationship to aural disease, we examined tissue obtained at adenoidectomy from 22 children via the quantitative bacteriological technique. In three patients, adenoidectomy was performed for nasal obstruction alone, in nine patients for serous otitis media and nasal obstruction, and in ten patients for nasal obstruction with serous otitis media and recurrent bacterial otitis. Using the criteria that 10(5) bacteria per gram of tissue indicates infection, 90% of the patients in the last group had infected adenoids vs 8% of the patients in the first two groups. Quantitative immunoglobulin levels, WBC counts, or preoperative antibiotic therapy was not helpful in determining which patients had infected adenoids. Pressure-equalizing tubes were placed when appropriate. A follow-up of nine to 22 months is included.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMed1988

Adenoid cystic-like tumor of the prostate gland. A report of two cases and review of the literature on "adenoid cystic carcinoma" of the prostate.

Two prostatic neoplasms that closely resemble adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary glands, but in the authors' opinion merit separate designation, are reported. Most of the well-documented examples of prostatic lesions interpreted as "adenoid cystic carcinoma" appear to have been similar to the cases reported herein. The lesions in this report, which the authors have designated as adenoid cystic-like tumors, occurred in men of 60 and 68 years of age who presented with urinary tract obstruction and had transurethral resection of the prostate. Both neoplasms were associated with a minor component of prostatic adenocarcinoma of the usual acinar type. Each adenoid cystic-like tumor had areas that closely resembled basal cell hyperplasia of the prostate, and one had conspicuous foci of squamous differentiation. One patient had a radical prostatectomy and is well six years after operation. The other patient was treated with transurethral resection and irradiation and is well eight months after operation. The prognosis associated with this neoplasm appears to be excellent on the basis of the limited experience to date.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Radiographic evaluation of adenoidal size in children: adenoidal-nasopharyngeal ratio.

Adenoidal-nasopharyngeal ratios (AN ratios) obtained by simple linear measurements from lateral skull radiographs are described. The AN ratio reliably expresses adenoidal size and patency of the nasopharyngeal airway. The validity of the ratio as an indicator of adenoidal size was determined by evaluation of measurements of radiographs of 1,398 infants and children and comparison with a subjective visual assessment made by experienced observers in 92 patients. An AN ratio greater than 0.80 was present in 34 of 36 patients (94%) subjectively judged to have enlarged adenoids.

Adenoids↗
PubMed1981

Aerobic and anaerobic bacteriology of adenoids in children: a comparison between patients with chronic adenotonsillitis and adenoid hypertrophy.

Adenoids were obtained from 18 children with chronic adenotonsillitis (Group A) and from 12 others with adenoid hypertrophy (Group B). Patients' ages ranged from 20 months to 15 years (mean 6 years); 18 were males and 12 females. The adenoids were sectioned in half after heat searing of the surface, and the core material was cultured for aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. Mixed aerobic and anaerobic flora were obtained from all patients, yielding an average of 7.8 isolates (4.6 anaerobes and 3.2 aerobes) per specimen. There were 97 anaerobes isolated. The predominant isolates in both groups were: Bacteroides sp. (including B. melaninogenicus and B. oralis), Fusobacterium sp., gram-positive anaerobic cocci, and Veillonella sp. There were 138 aerobic isolates. The predominant isolates in both groups were: alpha and gamma hemolytic streptococci, beta hemolytic streptococci (Group A, B, C, and F), S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, and Hemophilus sp. Hemophilus influenzae type B, and S. aureus were more frequently isolated in Group A. B. fragilis was only recovered in Group A. Beta lactamase production was noted in 27 isolates obtained from 18 patients. Fifteen of these patients belonged to Group A (83% of Group A), while 3 were members of Group B (25% of Group B). These bacteria were all isolates of S. aureus (11) and B. fragilis (2), 8 of 22 B. melaninogenicus group, 4 of 11 B. oralis, and two of 8 H. influenza type B. Our findings indicate the polymicrobial nature of deep adenoid flora and demonstrate the presence of many beta lactamase-producing organisms in children with recurrent adenotonsillitis.

Adenoids↗
PubMed1981

[Ultrastructure of adenoid-cystic carcinoma as a sign of malignity (comparison of ultramicroscopical investigations concerning adenoid-cystic carcinoma and adeno-carcinoma of salivary glands) (author's transl)].

The ultrastructure of Adenoid-cystic carcinoma of salivary glands analysed by 7 cases is compared with ultrastructure of Adenocarcinoma. Both carcinomas have corresponding secretory cells. The dysregulation of secret production is typical in Adenoid-cystic carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma and based on defective differentiation and missing innervation of carcinoma cells. The diversity of tumour-cells, increased by nesecretory cells, based on large cytogenetic prospection of acinary and ductulary epithelium of salivary glands. Based on the ultramicroscopical correspondence of secretory cell-types in both carcinomas the malignity of the Adenoid-cystic carcinoma is founded.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Basal cell hyperplasia, adenoid basal cell tumor, and adenoid cystic carcinoma of the prostate gland: an immunohistochemical study.

Basal cell hyperplasia (BCH) is an uncommon proliferative lesion of the prostate gland. We studied ten cases of BCH, one case of an unusual adenoid basal cell tumor (ABT), and one case of a prostatic adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), using a panel of antibodies to define the histogenesis of these lesions. Monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) directed against a cytokeratin, which selectively stains basal cells (34 beta E12), and against muscle-specific actin, which stains myoepithelial cells (HHF35), were used. In addition, antibodies directed against prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), S-100 protein, and vimentin were used. In the normal prostate, epithelial cells reacted positively with 34 beta E12, PAP, and PSA, and negatively with the actin, S-100 protein, and vimentin antibodies. In BCH, positive staining was seen for 34 beta E12, PSA, and PAP, with no reactivity for actin, S-100 protein, and vimentin. In ABT and ACC, positive reactivity was demonstrated for all antibodies except actin and vimentin. These findings indicate that the basaloid cells of BCH, ABT, and ACC are derived from basal cells of the normal prostate gland and suggest a continuum among the three lesions. The presence of S-100 protein in ABT and ACC may be related to the lack of this antigen's specificity for myoepithelial cells. The absence of reactivity with the HHF35 MoAb supports our belief that the S-100 positivity does not necessarily indicate myoepithelial cell differentiation.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1988

"Adenoid cystic" carcinoma and adenoid basal carcinoma of the uterine cervix. A study of 28 cases.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) and adenoid basal carcinoma (ABC) of the uterine cervix are rare tumors that have often been regarded as a single entity. We studied 28 cases of these neoplasms, with 14 cases in each category. Most patients were over 60 years of age, and there was a high proportion of black women. The majority of the women with ACC presented with postmenopausal bleeding and had an obvious mass on pelvic examination. Despite the tumors' architectural similarity to ACC of the salivary gland, microscopic examination of the cervical carcinomas showed necrosis, a high mitotic rate, and greater nuclear pleomorphism. In all but one of the cases, the tumor cells were negative for S-100 protein on immunoperoxidase staining--a finding that provides evidence against a myoepithelial component. However, S-100-positive dendritic cells were present in the stroma of the tumors and among the neoplastic cells. The patients with ABC were usually asymptomatic, without a gross abnormality of the cervix. Microscopic examination disclosed small nests of basaloid cells, almost always beneath, and often arising from, in situ or small invasive squamous cell carcinomas. In contrast to ABC, ACC was often complicated by local recurrence or distant metastasis. We conclude that ACC of the uterine cervix differs from ACC of salivary gland origin and is also distinct clinically and pathologically from cervical ABC.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the nasopharynx after previous adenoid irradiation.

In 1978, Pratt challenged the otolaryngology community to identify an incidence of malignancy in individuals who have previously received radium therapy to the nasopharyngeal lymphoid tissues. This case report is a direct response to that quest and presents a well documented adenoid cystic carcinoma evolving 23 years after radium applicator treatment to the fossa of Rosenmuller. Although a cause-and-effect relationship cannot be scientifically proven, the case history raises several important questions concerning the stimulating effects of radiation on the later onset of frank malignancy.

Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic↗
PubMed1984

Adenoid hypertrophy and nasal mucociliary clearance in children. A morphological and functional study.

The authors have studied nasal mucociliary function and adenoid surface characteristics in a group of 86 children, aged between 4 and 10 years, divided in two groups according to the presence or absence of clinical, instrumental and röntgenographic signs of nasal obstruction due to hypertrophied adenoids. Each group was divided into 3 age-related subgroups (group I: 4-5 years; group II: 6-7 years; group III: 8-10 years). A population of normal adults was chosen both for functional and ultrastructural characteristics. Nasal mucociliary clearance velocity values were evaluated by means of the saccharine method and the surface characteristics of the adenoid tissue by means of scanning electron microscopy. The data obtained show that the nasal mucociliary function is generally reduced in children but, while in the group with poorly developed adenoids an early and progressive improvement can be observed, the children with severely hypertrophied adenoids show an impaired function up to 10 years, without age-related improvements. At almost 10 years, children with poorly developed adenoids reach normal adult clearance values. These functional data can be related to the surface characteristics of adenoid tissue. In fact, while poorly developed adenoids are characterized by a compact layer of ciliated cells, severely hypertrophied adenoids are characterized by a metaplasic epithelium, with almost complete loss of cilia. Such findings, which are probably due to the inflammatory events frequently complicating adenoid hypertrophy, could explain, together with the obstructive effects, the impairment of the nasal mucociliary clearance in childhood.

Adenoids↗
PubMed1992

Anatomic correlates of normal and diseased adenoids in children.

In order to better understand the pathogenesis and sequelae of obstructive adenoid hyperplasia in children, the anatomic relationships of the adenoids to the hard and soft palates, oropharynx, and nasopharynx were studied in vivo in 94 children. Direct, intraoperative palatal, nasopharyngeal, and oropharyngeal measurements were performed in 19 children with normal, nondiseased adenoids (controls [C]) and compared to 75 children undergoing adenoidectomy for obstructive adenoid hyperplasia (OAH) (n = 44) or chronic adenoid infection (CAI) (n = 31). As expected, the weight and volume of the adenoids removed were significantly greater in the OAH vs. CAI group (P < .001). Before adenoidectomy, the volume of the nasopharynx was significantly smaller in the OAH group; however, nasopharyngeal volumes after adenoidectomy were quite similar in all three groups and ranged from 5.4 to 6.2 cc. Only the change in the volume of the nasopharynx after adenoidectomy for obstruction was significant (2.5 +/- 1.2 cc, P < .01). Differences in oropharyngeal and palatal dimensions were not associated with longstanding obstruction from adenoid hyperplasia. These data indicate that the nasal obstruction from adenoid hyperplasia is due to an absolute increase in adenoid size rather than a relatively smaller nasopharynx. Differences in palatal and oropharyngeal dimensions usually described and attributed to longstanding nasal obstruction could not be demonstrated in this study.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMed1980

Subpopulation of adenoidal lymphocytes of recurrent infection in the upper respiratory tract.

A subpopulation of adenoidal lymphocytes was determined by the E- and EAC-rosetting techniques in order to study an immunological profile of adenoids in 61 children with recurrent otitis media, rhinosinusitis or recurrent tonsillitis. Though there was no significant difference in E- and EAC-rosette forming cells of adenoid tissues from children with recurrent infection in the upper respiratory tract, our results indicated the following. (1) A higher proportion of EAC-rosette forming cells (EAC-RFC) without a change of E-RFC was found in the adenoids of children with recurrent tonsillitis than those without it. (2) The percentage of EAC-RFC appears to increase proportionally to the size of adenoid viewed on the X-ray film. (3) The higher percentage was more remarkable in cases with rhinosinusitis and recurrent otitis media. From the data obtained it is concluded that adenoids may play some part in immunity responses against infection in the upper respiratory tract reflecting adenoidal hypertrophy.

Adenoids↗