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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Seasonal effects of tropical climate on shaded and nonshaded cows as measured by rectal temperature, adrenal cortex hormones, thyroid hormone, and milk production.

Rectal temperatures and hormone concentrations were monitored at intervals of 2 to 3 weeks, and milk, milk fat, and California mastitis test scores at intervals of 1 week in five shaded and in four nonshaded early lactation cows. Measurements were taken from September to December in the mildly heat stressing climate of Oahu, Hawaii. The daily ambient temperature flux ranged from 22 C to 29 C in September to 20 C to 25 C in December. Average daily temperature-humidity index (THI) values were 75 to 70 for September and December, respectively. Average daily THI values were correlated with rectal temperatures in nonshaded cows and were negatively correlated with plasma adrenal cortex hormones (corticoids) in shaded cows, plasma thyroid hormone in shaded and nonshaded cows, and with milk production in nonshaded cows. Estimated milk production decline per unit increase in THI was 0.32 kg. Nonshaded cows had higher rectal temperatures, a trend for lower plasma corticoids, produced less milk and milk fat, and had higher California mastitis test scores. Shaded cows maintained a higher fat percentage at THI above 74. Average plasma thyroid hormone values were not different between treatment groups. Both groups failed to attain normal rectal temperatures at night. Afternoon rectal temperatures were more highly correlated with the rectal temperature with which the cow started the day than they were with the THI of the day itself.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1975

Dissociation of in vivo and in vitro "autonomy" in human adrenocortical tumour.

The diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome due to "autonomous adrenocortical tumour" has been established in a patient by appropriate examinations (especially dexamethasone suppression test, ACTH stimulation test, ACTH measurement by radioimmunoassay). Isolated cells have been prepared from a piece of the tumour by a trypsin technique so that the action of ACTH on steriodogenesis in these cells could be studied in vitro. Basal production of corticosteroids by the isolated tumour cells was low (0.3 mu plus or minus 0.04/2 h/10-5 cells). Addition of ACTH induced a dose-dependent stimulation of corticosteroid production. The tumour cells appeared to be unable to produce corticosteroids in the absence of ACTH; maximal production was rather low (1.38 mu plus or minus 0.07/2 h/10-5 cells). A possible explanation for the discrepancies between endocrine function tests and the results of the in vitro studies is given.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1977

Metabolic regulation and relationship of endogenous protein kinase activity and steroidogenesis in isolated adrenocortical carcinoma cells of the rat.

In the adrenocortical carcinoma cell, in contrast to normal isolated adrenal cells, 10 to 50 muunits of ACTH do not raise the level of adenosine cyclic 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP), protein kinase activity, and steroidogenesis. This indicates a lesion in the tumor adenylate cyclase system. Two-tenths to 10 mM cyclic AMP and guanosine cyclic 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) which stimulate steroidogenesis in a normal cell, activate protein kinase activity in a concentration-response manner without any detectable rise in steroidogenesis in the adrenocortical carcinoma cell. Cycloheximide and actinomycin D do not inhibit the stimulation of the phosphorylation. These results suggest that the tumor cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase activity is unrelated to steroidogenesis and is also not under the transcriptional or translational control steps. Curiously, muM concentrations of cyclic AMP, in contrast to cyclic GMP, stimulate protein kinase activity. In a normal cell, both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP, in this concentration range, stimulate protein kinase without an increase in steroidogenesis. It is therefore proposed that, in contrast to the normal cell, there is an additional defect in cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1975

Primary aldosteronism. A study in contrasts.

Two patient with primary aldosteronism, one with a solitary adrenal adenoma and the other with bilateral nodular hyperplasia, are described. Both patients showed the classic features of primary aldosteronism in electrolyte and hormone patterns, but there were important differences in the biochemistry of their excised adrenal tissue. In addition, the injection of plasma from the patient with bilateral adrenal hyperplasia into the sheep's transplanted adrenal gland elicited a definite aldosterone secretory response, but there was no aldosterone response to the injection of plasma from the patient with a solitary adrenal adenoma. The findings support the hypothesis that an extra-adrenal stimulus may contribute to the pathogenesis of bilateral adrenal hyperplasia.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1978

Treatment of Cushing's syndrome with trilostane (WIN 24,540), an inhibitor of adrenal steroid biosynthesis.

Seven patients with Cushing's syndrome were treated with trilostane (WIN 24,540) 4 alpha,5-epoxy-17 beta-hydroxy-3-oxo-5 alpha-androstane-2 alpha-carbonitrile), an inhibitor of adrenal steroid biosynthesis. Trilostane treatment reduced steroid biosynthesis and it also improved biochemical manifestations of the disease in all of the patients treated. The average cortisol secretory rate decreased significantly with treatment, from 47.1 to 23.4 mg/24 h (P less than 0.005), and urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids decreased from 15.7 to 8.7 mg/24 h (P less than 0.01). Urinary free cortisol excretion decreased from 277 to 88 microgram/24 h (P less than 0.01), and 0800 h plasma cortisol levels declined from 25.0 to 12.0 microgram/dl (P less than 0.05). Conversely, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate excretion in urine increased from 1.3 to 5.8 mg/24 h (P less than 0.0025) and in plasma increased from 162 mg/24 h (P less than 0.025). Plasma and urinary free dehydroepiandrosterone increased 2-fold. Urinary 17-ketosteroid excretion increased from 18 to 43 mg/24 h (P less than 0.001). A significant reduction in urinary excretion of tetrahydroaldosterone, tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone, and 18-hydroxytetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone was observed with treatment. Inhibition of steroid biosynthesis was accompanied by a 2-fold increase in PRA and no change in serum cholesterol levels. Mean arterial blood pressure decreased with treatment from 109 to 97 mm Hg (P less than 0.005), and fasting blood sugar decreased from 117 to 98 mg/dl (P less than 0.005), accompanied by rise in plasma potassium levels from 3.8 to 4.3 milliequivalents/liter (P less than 0.025). Two patients on long term therapy also showed an improvement in clinical features of their disease. There were no significant treatment-related carcinoma, simultaneously producing both an excessive amount of cortisol and ACTH, is described. It is concluded that trilostane is an effective inhibitor of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme system in human adrenal gland; it inhibits biosynthesis of cortisol and it is useful in the treatment of Cushing's syndrome.

17-Ketosteroids↗