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Results for “Aerococcus”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

Phylogenetic analysis of some Aerococcus-like organisms from urinary tract infections: description of Aerococcus urinae sp. nov.

Partial 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequences of five Aerococcus-like organisms originally isolated from patients with urinary tract infections were determined using reverse transcriptase in order to clarify their taxonomic position. Analysis of the sequence data revealed that the clinical isolates represent a hitherto unknown line of descent within the genus Aerococcus. A new species, Aerococcus urinae, is proposed for these isolates. The type strain is NCFB 2893.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed2001

Aerococcus sanguicola sp. nov., isolated from a human clinical source.

Phenotypic and phylogenetic studies were performed on an unknown, Gram-positive, catalase-negative coccus isolated from human blood. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing demonstrated that the organism represents a new subline within the genus Aerococcus. The unknown bacterium was readily distinguished from the three currently recognized Aerococcus species, Aerococcus christensenii, Aerococcus urinae and Aerococcus viridans, by biochemical tests and electrophoretic analysis of whole-cell proteins. On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, it is proposed that this unknown bacterium from blood be classified as Aerococcus sanguicola sp. nov. The type strain of Aerococcus sanguicola is CCUG 43001T (= CIP 106533T).

Blood↗

PubMed2001

Aerococcus urinaehominis sp. nov., isolated from human urine.

Phenotypic and phylogenetic studies were performed on an unknown Gram-positive catalase-negative coccus isolated from human urine. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing demonstrated that the organism represents a new subline within the genus Aerococcus. The unknown bacterium was readily distinguished from the three currently recognized Aerococcus species, Aerococcus christensenii, Aerococcus urinae and Aerococcus viridans, by biochemical tests and electrophoretic analysis of whole-cell proteins. Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, it is proposed that the unknown bacterium from urine be classified as Aerococcus urinaehominis sp. nov. The type strain of Aerococcus urinaehominis is CCUG 42038bT (= CIP 106675T).

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗

PubMed1999

Aerococcus christensenii sp. nov., from the human vagina.

Phenotypic and phylogenetic studies were performed on two strains of a hitherto undescribed Aerococcus-like organism isolated from the human vagina. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies demonstrated that the unknown strains constitute a new subline within the genus Aerococcus. The unknown bacterium was readily distinguished from the two currently recognized Aerococcus species, Aerococcus viridans and Aerococcus urinae, by biochemical tests and electrophoretic analysis of whole-cell proteins. On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, it is proposed that the unknown bacterium be classified as Aerococcus christensenii sp. nov. The type strain of A. christensenii is CCUG 28831T.

Bacterial Proteins↗

PubMed2003

Phenotypic description and antimicrobial susceptibilities of Aerococcus sanguinicola isolates from human clinical samples.

This report describes the clinical sources and phenotypic characterization of 16 isolates of Aerococcus sanguinicola. Sixteen conventional tests were used to describe and differentiate the 16 isolates of A. sanguinicola from 30 strains of Aerococcus viridans, 27 strains of Aerococcus urinae, and a single strain each of Aerococcus christensenii and Aerococcus urinaehominis. The phenotypic characterizations of the type strains for each species and 14 A. sanguinicola isolates were also compared in the two reference laboratories. A. sanguinicola are catalase-negative, vancomycin-susceptible, gram-positive cocci arranged in clusters and tetrads, as are all Aerococcus species except A. christensenii (which is arranged in short chains). All 16 isolates of A. sanguinicola were leucine aminopeptidase and pyrrolidonylarylamidase positive, which is unique to this species among the aerococci. All A. sanguinicola isolates grew in broth containing 6.5% NaCl, hydrolyzed hippurate, and were variable in the bile-esculin test. None of the isolates deaminated arginine or were Voges-Proskauer positive. The type strain of A. sanguinicola was isolated from a blood culture of a patient living in Denmark. Seven additional isolates were from patients living in Canada, all with urinary tract infections (six were female). Eight isolates were from patients living in five different states in the United States; five were from patients with urinary tract infections, and three were from blood cultures of one patient each with pneumonia, suspected endocarditis, and unknown clinical conditions. The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were unremarkable; all isolates tested were susceptible to penicillin, amoxicillin, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, vancomycin, quinupristin-dalfopristin (Synercid), rifampin, linezolid, and tetracycline. Six of the 15 cultures were resistant to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, but all 15 strains were susceptible to sparfloxacin. High-level resistance was detected for meropenem (2 strains) and trimethoprim-sulfamethonazole (1 strain). Intermediate resistance was detected for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (10 strains) and clindamycin (3 strains).

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The biological properties of Aerococcus antagonists, representatives of human microbiocenoses].

The paper deals with the data on biology of Aerococcus, a slightly studied group of microorganisms. Physiological-biochemical properties of Aerococcus are described, data of their distribution in nature are given. Peculiar attention is paid to the estimate of the role of Aerococcus in human microbiocenoses. As a result of the profound and all-round study of this group of microorganisms the authors have developed new bacterial drug "A-bakterin" based on the aerococcus strain. Data presented about the results of clinical tests of "A-bakterin" are presented, a possibility to use Aerococcus lysate in the elaboration of new drugs is discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Spondylodiscitis due to Aerococcus urinae: a first report.

Aerococcus urinae is an uncommon urinary tract pathogen which causes infections predominantly in elderly persons with local and general predisposing conditions. There are few case reports of severe infections caused by Aerococcus urinae among which only 14 cases of endocarditis caused by Aerococcus urinae have been reported. We report the first case of Aerococcus urinae spondylodiscitis. The patient responded to 4 weeks of amoxicillin and clindamycin, and to 5 months of amoxicillin alone.

Aged↗

PubMed1997

Aerococcus urinae: intraspecies genetic and phenotypic relatedness.

A number of Aerococcus-like organisms were recently recognized as human pathogens. Five Aerococcus-like strains were proposed as members of the new species Aerococcus urinae (with type strain E2 [= NCTC 12142]) on the basis of the results of a 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The intraspecies phenotypic and genetic relatedness of 22 selected A. urinae strains was investigated, and a hitherto unrecognized esculin hydrolysis-positive biotype was identified. A total of 14 of the 15 more common esculin-negative strains exhibited very high DNA relatedness as determined by the hydroxyapatite method (the levels of relatedness were greater than 90% in 55 and 70 degrees C reactions, with 1.5% or less divergence in related sequences). The DNA relatedness among the six esculin-positive strains was more heterogeneous, and two DNA hybridization subgroups were formed. Our results are compatible with the hypothesis that both biotypes are members of the single species A. urinae, which contains two or more genetic subspecies. The putative subspecies have not been formally proposed since they cannot be definitively differentiated. The inclusion of A. urinae in the genus Aerococcus is supported by the results of 16S rRNA sequencing. The rRNA sequence data also is compatible with placing both biotypes in a single species.

Bacteriological Techniques↗

PubMed1997

Urinary tract infections with Aerococcus urinae in the south of The Netherlands.

Aerococcus urinae is an uncommon urinary tract pathogen that causes infections predominantly in elderly persons with local or general predisposing conditions. During a one-year study, the clinical features of Aerococcus urinae urinary tract infections (> or = 10(5) cfu/ml) were investigated in two large medical microbiology laboratories in the Netherlands. The incidence of Aerococcus urinae urinary tract infections ranged between 0.31 and 0.44% for the two laboratories. The median age (range 35-95 years) of patients with this infection was 82.5 years for women and 77.5 for men. Men had significantly (p < 0.01) more local predisposing conditions than did women. Underlying systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, malignancy, and dementia were found in 67.5% of patients. Most patients (97.5%) had the classic signs of a urinary tract infection, but none of them developed serious symptoms. All isolates tested were susceptible to penicillin, amoxicillin, and nitrofurantoin, 78.3% were susceptible to norfloxacin, and all were resistant to sulfonamides. The majority of patients were treated with amoxicillin, amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, or norfloxacin.

Abdominal Pain↗

PubMed1995

Endocarditis caused by Aerococcus urinae, a newly recognized pathogen.

Aerococcus urinae is a newly described pathogen. A case of Aerococcus urinae endocarditis is presented, the primary focus being a urinary tract infection. The diagnosis of endocarditis was supported by isolation of Aerococcus urinae from blood as well as from heart vegetations.

Aged↗

PubMed1999

Three cases of serious infection caused by Aerococcus urinae.

Three cases of serious infection caused by Aerococcus urinae are presented: a patient with endocarditis and two patients with soft-tissue infection (phlegmon and balanitis respectively). The literature on Aerococcus urinae infections is reviewed and the antibiotic therapy discussed. Aerococcus urinae is a pathogen isolated primarily from urine specimens of elderly patients with local or systemic predisposing conditions. Most infections are mild, but serious infections such as endocarditis and septicemia/urosepsis have been described. Penicillin or ampicillin in combination with an aminoglycoside and close monitoring of the patient's clinical status and laboratory results would seem to be the best strategy for management of cases of serious infection.

Aged↗

PubMed1990

The phylogeny of Aerococcus and Pediococcus as determined by 16S rRNA sequence analysis: description of Tetragenococcus gen. nov.

The phylogenetic interrelationships of the genera Pediococcus and Aerococcus were investigated using reverse transcriptase sequencing of 16S rRNA. The genus Pediococcus was found to be phylogenetically heterogeneous. The four species P. acidilactici, P. damnosus, P. parvulus and P. pentosaceus formed a phylogenetically distinct group. Within this pediococcal cluster, P. acidilactici was closely related to P. pentosaceus whereas P. damnosus showed a specific relationship with P. parvulus. The species P. dextrinicus, although showing significant sequence relatedness with these pediococcal species, was peripheral to the genus. Pediococcus halophilus exhibited low sequence homology with all of the species examined and formed a distinct line of descent. Pediococcus halophilus exhibited a closer affinity with enterococci and carnobacteria than with the other lactic acid bacteria. Pediococcus urinae-equi was phylogenetically very closely related to Aerococcus viridans. The 16S rRNA sequences of the type strains of these species differed by only two nucleotides (99.9% sequence homology) and clearly demonstrate that P. urinae-equi is a member of the genus Aerococcus.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed1988

Relationship between in vitro susceptibility test results for chloramphenicol and production of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase by Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Aerococcus species.

Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Aerococcus species were tested for susceptibility to chloramphenicol by standard broth microdilution and disk-diffusion methods. MICs and zone diameter breakpoints were correlated with production of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT). A comparison of MICs and zone diameters indicated that the interpretative criteria for H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae should be an MIC of less than or equal to 4 micrograms/ml or a zone diameter greater than or equal to 25 mm for susceptible strains and an MIC of greater than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml or a zone diameter of less than or equal to 20 mm for resistant strains; for Aerococcus species, interpretative criteria should be an MIC of less than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml or a zone diameter of greater than or equal to 20 mm for susceptible strains and an MIC of greater than or equal to 32 micrograms/ml or a zone diameter of less than or equal to 12 mm for resistant strains. All but four strains of H. influenzae and one strain of S. pneumoniae that were resistant to chloramphenicol by these criteria produced CAT. For Aerococcus species, however, chloramphenicol-resistant strains were negative for CAT as determined by a commercially available disk test. When comparing susceptibility results with CAT production, thiamphenicol was a better indicator of the presence of the enzyme than chloramphenicol and may be useful in assaying resistance to chloramphenicol.

Chloramphenicol↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Endocarditis due to Aerococcus urinae: diagnostic tests, fatty acid composition and killing kinetics.

Two cases of Aerococcus urinae endocarditis are reported. The organism is not included in any database of commercial identification systems at this time. Formation of tetrades and positive reactions for leucine arylamidase and beta-glucuronidase pointed strongly to A. urinae. The cellular fatty acid pattern was similar to that of Aerococcus viridans, with predominantly C16:0, C18:1 omega 9c and C18:0; the presence of C18:1 omega 7t differentiated our isolates from A. viridans and can support the diagnosis of A. urinae. Furthermore, susceptibility to penicillin but resistance to cotrimoxazole represents a pattern opposite to that of A. viridans. Minimal inhibition concentrations of gentamicin and netilmicin were < or = 64 mg/l but those of tobramycin were > or = 256 mg/l. Penicillin combined with either gentamicin or netilmicin showed distinct synergy in killing kinetics. These combinations seem to be the appropriate regimen to treat A. urinae endocarditis.

Aged↗

PubMed2006

Serological cross-reactivity of environmental isolates of Enterobacter, Escherichia, Stenotrophomonas, and Aerococcus with Shigella spp.-specific antisera.

Using protocols designed for the isolation of Shigella from environmental freshwater samples from different regions of Bangladesh, 11 bacterial strains giving rise to Shigella-like colonies on selective agar plates and showing serological cross-reaction with Shigella-specific antisera were isolated. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that three of the isolates were most closely related to Escherichia coli, four to Enterobacter sp., two to Stenotrophomonas, and two isolates belonged to the Gram-positive genus Aerococcus. The isolates cross-reacted with six different serotypes of Shigella and were, in each case, highly type-specific. Two of the isolates belonging to the Enterobacter and Escherichia genera gave extremely strong cross-reactivity with Shigella dysenteriae and Shigella boydii antisera, respectively. The Aerococcus isolates gave relatively weak but significant cross-reactions with S. dysenteriae. Western blot analysis revealed that a number of antigens from the isolates cross-react with Shigella spp. The results indicate that important Shigella spp. surface antigens are shared by a number of environmental bacteria, which have implications for the use of serological methods in attempts for the detection and recovery of Shigella from aquatic environments.

Antigens, Bacterial↗

PubMed2003

High-level gentamicin-resistant isolates of oral streptococci and Aerococcus from blood specimens.

Seventy-nine isolates of oral streptococci and Aerococcus obtained from blood specimens between December 1997 and January 2000 were tested for high-level gentamicin resistance. Three isolates with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of > or =1024 microg/ml were selected as potential high-level gentamicin-resistant isolates. The DNA sequence of the structural gene encoding 6'-acetyltransferase-2"-phosphotransferase in the three high-level gentamicin-resistant isolates was investigated according to the method used for Enterococcus faecalis. The results of this gene analysis showed that all the DNA sequence of Aerococcus viridans no. 70, which had the highest MIC (2048 microg/ml), matched that of E. faecalis, whereas no polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products were obtained in the other two isolates that were tested. The mechanism of gentamicin resistance in these two isolates is unknown.

Acetyltransferases↗

PubMed1995

Fatal endocarditis due to Aerococcus urinae.

Aerococcus species are Gram-positive cocci having Gram-stain characteristics of staphylococci (i.e., form clusters), but biochemical and growth characteristics resembling streptococci and enterococci (i.e., catalase-negative, alpha-hemolytic growth on blood agar). A case of fatal endocarditis due to Aerococcus urinae is presented. Endocarditis should be suspected and, if confirmed, treated aggressively when A. urinae is recovered from blood cultures.

Aged↗

PubMed1996

Aerococcus-like organisms: use of antibiograms for diagnostic and taxonomic purposes.

Recently, some Aerococcus-like organisms (ALOs), isolated from urine and blood of elderly patients with urinary tract infection, have been described. In this study ALOs and related taxons were tested for susceptibility by agar diffusion and agar dilution methods to 15 selected antimicrobial agents for diagnostic and taxonomic considerations. ALOs were susceptible to a wide range of antimicrobials including beta-lactams, but resistant to aminoglycosides, sulphonamides, trimethoprim and nalidixic acid. By using tablets containing vancomycin, furazolidone and bacitracin, it was possible to separate ALOs from related taxons. Clustering based on antibiotic susceptibilities showed that there is little similarity between Aerococcus viridans and ALOs.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗