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Results for “Affective Disorders, Psychotic”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Status within the family and early life experiences in patients with affective disorders and cycloid psychosis.

The family constellation and early childhood experiences have been investigated in 534 in- and outpatients (21 male and 323 female). The series comprised the following diagnostic subgroups: bipolar (n = 195) and unipolar (n = 175) affective psychotic disorders, non-psychotic depressive syndromes (n = 94) and cycloid psychosis (n = 70). A 34-item questionnaire was constructed for the purpose of the present investigation relying upon information about meaningful variables in the relevant literature. Five main areas (status within the family, separation and loss, disturbing life experiences, acts of violence, and somatic factors) were covered in the study. Female patients have been found to be over-represented in regard to many variables. Few inter-group differences were found. This finding would suggest that negative, early childhood experiences are shared by most psychiatric patients and are not specific for any of the disorders which have been taken into account in the study.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1979

[Role of sex and age in the occurrence and course of attack-like schizophrenia (based on epidemiological study data)].

On the basis of an over-all investigation of 2 districts of Moscow (1548 patients) the authors studied correlations between clinical traits of attack-like schizophrenia and factors of sex and age. It was demonstrated that the disease most frequently (irrespective of the sex and duration) manifests itself by affective-delusional attacks, then go depressive states, acute-delusional oneiroid and manic attacks. The statistical processing of these results demonstrates the existence of a common regularity in the development of clinical traits of attack-like schizophrenia. Factors of sex and age contribute only to conditions of a predilectiveness in an occurrence of different syndromes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Characteristics of the diurnal fluctuations of affect in depressions in adolescents with circular schizophrenia].

The paper is related to an analysis of the diurnal rhythm of mood in 87 adolescents suffering from circular schizophrenia. The diurnal mood fluctuations, as in adults, were seen in most of the patients where the depression had a tendency towards an increase and decrease, as well as in cyclothymo-like phasic depressive disorders. The author describes a special diurnal rhythm of mood in profound depressive states with agitation and hysterical components.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

PH-dependent behavior of erythrocyte membrane elevations. II Occurrence in moderate acidemic and alkalemic conditions.

Changes of the number of red cell membrane elevations revealed by freeze-etch electron microscopy are pH-dependent in vitro and in vivo. In healthy volunteers a decrease of the number of red cell surfaces with elevations was observed under moderate acidemic and alkalemic conditions. These changes were different in patients with Huntington's chorea and affective psychotic disorders. Elevations of the red cell membrane with the same diameter can be demonstrated in ultrathin sections, if sodium azide is added during the fixation procedure.

Erythrocyte Membrane↗
PubMed1979

The treatment of psychotic major depressive disorder with drugs and electroconvulsive therapy.

A retrospective chart review of 54 patients demonstrating depression with psychotic symptoms was accomplished with the use of Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for diagnosis of psychotic major affective disorder. Patients received adequate trials of either tricyclic antidepressants alone, antipsychotics, the two in combination, or electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Antidepressants alone were found to be ineffective or only partially effective in treating psychotic depression unless somatic or depressive declusions were the only psychotic symptoms. Antipsychotics alone were usually effective in providing at least a partial response, particularly with psychotic symptoms. Excellent responses of the depressive and psychotic elements were provided with ECT, ECT with antipsychotic medication, and the combination of antidepressant and antipsychotic medications. These latter treatments may be the most appropriate for depression with psychotic features.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Paranoid symptoms in patients on a general hospital psychiatric unit. Implications for diagnosis and treatment.

Paranoid symptoms were found in 40% of patients admitted to a university general hospital psychiatric unit during a ten-month period. Fifty-eight percent of this group had frank paranoid delusions, while the rest had ideas of reference or generalized suspiciousness. Only one half of those who had paranoid delusions had paranoid schizophrenia. A significant number had affective disorders or organic brain disorder. Ideas of reference and suspiciousness were found in many patients who were not psychotic. The therapeutic implications of these findings are reported in three patients who were inadequately treated for affective disorders because the presence of paranoid symptomatology had led to an incorrect diagnosis of schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Classification of endogenous psychoses from a genetic viewpoint].

The family-heredity findings serving as criteria for the classification of functional psychoses are discussed, presenting recent data. The global morbidity risk of the resp. psychosis showing secondary cases similar (homotypical) to the index case and no increased incidence of cases of the other type may be interpreted by the theory of two separated genetically transmitted diseases (schizophrenias and affective disorders). The classical schizophrenic subtypes differ in their global schizophrenia morbidity risk and show a tendency toward homotypical secondary cases. Monopolar and bipolar affective disorders were found to be very close together concerning family-genetic data-Schizo-affective psychotics were found to have among their relatives the highest incidence of all types of functional psychoses at all, a high rate of schizophrenics (esp. catatonic type) and affective psychotics and no homotypical secondary cases.

Affective Disorders, Psychotic↗
PubMed1979

[Psychotic depression. 1. Classification, etio-pathophysiology, epidemiology, sympatomatology, diagnosis].

The term "depression" is used to describe a normal mood, a medical symptom, and a collection of psychiatric symptoms. As a normal mood, depression is a common human reaction to a significant loss; as a medical term, it is also used to describe the sadness seen in patients who have other severe medical and psychiatric disorders. Most often, however, "depression" refers to a group of psychiatric syndromes or illnesses with well defined symptoms only one of which is sadness. Depression syndromes are probably universal. There are accounts of depressive illness throughout history from almost every human society. The universality of depressive illness is also reflected in the frequency of depression as a theme of the world's great literature. Studies of the biochemical correlates of psychotic depression have focused on two major hypotheses. The first proposes that affective disorders result from functional changes in the central noradrenergic systems. The second postulates that the primary abnormality is in central serotonergic pathways. These two hypotheses are supported by the pharmacological effects of antidepressant drugs.

Affective Disorders, Psychotic↗
PubMed1977

Motoneuron excitability in psychiatric patients.

The excitability at the alpha-motoneuron pool was studied by measuring the spinal monosynaptic reflex responses of soleus muscle to paired stimuli in psychiatric patients and controls. Patients showed significant alterations in the recovery of excitability when compared with normal volunteers. Specifically, the value for the peak of "secondary facilitation" was reduced in 5 of 8 chronic schizophrenic patients, while the following trough in the recovery cycle was reduced in 9 of 18 acutely schizophrenic patients. Drug effects were studied in 10 patients. Phenothiazine antipsychotic medication tended to enhance recovery of excitability. Patients of all types showed alterations of excitability. The altered excitability may relfect one aspect of a widespread abnormality of CNS function or may be a specific response to a supraspinal defect in neurophysiological activity in psychotic patients.

Affective Disorders, Psychotic↗
PubMed1978

Antibody and cell-mediated immunity to herpes simplex virus in psychotic depression.

The incidence and antibody titers to herpes simplex virus (HSV) were found significantly higher in patients with psychotic depression as compared to normal controls. Furthermore, the cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to HSV in psychotic depression was similar to that observed after acute HSV infection or recurrence. The results suggest therefore an association between HSV infection and psychotic depression.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Typological prediction of response to amitriptyline: a replication study.

This paper reports a replication study of prediction of outcome by a cluster-analysis derived four-group typoloy of depression. 143 acutely depressed women were treated with amitriptyline for 4 weeks. In replication of the earlier findings, anxious depressives showed the worst response, hostile depressives and young depressive with personality disorder the best, with psychotic depressive intermediate. The findings provide further validating evidence for the typology, and for the view that nonpsychotic depressives are heterogenous.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Differences of cerebral lateralization among schizophrenic and depressed patients.

Conjugate lateral eye movements (LEMs) have been used as a measure of contralateral frontal hemisphere activation when individuals carry out reflective tasks. In a previous study, schizophrenics were noted to produce significantly more R-LEMs than controls suggesting that they use the left hemisphere in general more often than controls when initiating thought. More specifically, schizophrenics initiated thought on spatial emotional material in their left hemisphere more often than normals. In an effort to replicate these findings, the present study contrasted a new sample of 13 schizophrenics first with the original schizophrenic sample, and then with 13 psychotic depressives, and the original controls. In addition, other group comparisons are reported. The data obtained replicate the original findings of increased R-LEM (i.e., increased left hemisphere activity) and the excessive processing of spatial and to a lesser extent emotional material in the left hemisphere of schizophrenics. Psychotic depressives were found to initiate reflective tasks more often in their right hemisphere than either schizophrenic or the original sample of normal controls. Significant group differences among schizophrenics, normal controls, and psychotically depressed patients were obtained. The data are consistent with emerging concepts of a left hemisphere locus of disturbance in schizophrenia and right hemisphere disturbances in affective disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Alterations in cerebral laterality during acute psychotic illness.

A dichotic listening test was used to assess cerebral laterality in 26 right-handed patients with schizophrenic, schizoaffective, or primary major depressive illness and in 23 controls. Clinical state was assessed by twice-daily nurses' ratings and patient self-ratings. Ratings of psychotic thought and behavior were lower during the week of highest laterality than during the week of lowest laterality (P less than .01). Similarly, when most improved, patients had higher laterality than when most ill (P less than .01). Changes in laterality were not specific to diagnostic group, were not present in control subjects, could not be related to direct drug effects, and were independent of changes in accuracy of performance. There were large, stable, interindividual differences in degree of lateralization, but no differences between patients and controls. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that in acute psychotic illness there is a breakdown in the interhemisphere inhibition that normally mediates cerebral laterality.

Acute Disease↗