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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

[Effect of urbanization on the future of agricultural development in Costa Rica].

The future agricultural development of Central America must be based of studies of land capacity in order to assure a sustained yield of the environment. The industrial development of the region, as well as the construction of the highways and rural roads must be carefully planned as a means of environmental conservation. New towns, housing developments, recreational facilities and highways should be planned to the effect that they occupy non-productive lands and thus minimize the modern trend of covering the best agricultural soils with concrete jungles. In recent years the price of agricultural lands has shown a tremendous rise, due mainly to the demand of land for urbanization. This situation has induced many farmers to abandon their lands, therefore, a selective land taxation system is suggested to encourage the cultivation of these suburban areas.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1986

Agricultural development, migrant labor and the resurgence of malaria in Swaziland.

Much of the research on the recent resurgence of malaria in Third World areas has focused on the problem of vector resistance arising out of the widespread use of pesticides in conjunction with the development of large-scale agricultural projects. Evidence from southern Africa, and particularly from Swaziland, where a resurgence of malaria has occurred in the absence of pesticide-resistant strains of Anopheles mosquitoes, suggests that changes in agroecosystems, labor utilization and settlement patterns, which are also associated with large-scale agricultural development, may play an equally important role in the resurgence of malaria. Renewed efforts to control malaria must, therefore, take account of the social and economic, as well as the biological determinants of this disease.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1989

Agricultural development and nutritional status in Malawi.

A comparative anthropometric assessment involving 2175 measurements of 1533 children under the age of 5 was carried out in Malawi, both before and after the harvest seasons (February and May, 1985). Subjects were randomly drawn from socioeconomically similar rural environments within and outside a large-scale agricultural development project. Chronic malnutrition (height for age less than 90 per cent of the median) was found to be 36 per cent in February and 41 per cent in May. The prevalence of acute malnutrition (weight for height less than 80 per cent of the median) was 4 per cent and 5 per cent, respectively. Tests of significance found no statistical difference between the project and non-project children for a variety of nutritional status indices. It is postulated that such factors as increased female access to extension services and male access to nutrition education may have greater impact on morbidity than income increases alone, and should be part of agricultural development planning.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1993

Agricultural development paths and pest management: a pragmatic view of sustainability.

Historical profiles can be used to portray past pathways of agricultural development, the factors that affected pest status and the responses made by farmers in the form of pest management. Understanding the key factors affecting these historical developments is thought to be crucial for identifying likely future scenarios and associated opportunities and constraints for improving pest management. Evidence for this view is provided by four case studies: brassica pests in the United Kingdom; tsetse fly and trypanosomiasis management in The Gambia; rice pest management in the Lop-Buri area of Thailand; and pest management in dryland cotton in north-east Australia.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1991

Rural health and labour supplies: empirical evidence from the World Bank Assisted Agricultural Development Project in the Kwara State of Nigeria.

The efforts made in this study are in two areas. First, an effort has been made to determine whether there are any health or labour supply differences between ADP and non-ADP households. Second, an effort has also been made to determine whether differences in health, housing and nutrition, if any, have an effect on labour supply. All the efforts are attempts to focus research attention on the Nigeria's resource endowment factor and at the same time assess the impact of rural infrastructure capital and thus the World Bank Assisted Agricultural Development Projects (ADP) on the rural Nigerian residents and their industry. Using 175 households, 50 from the ADP and 125 from the non-ADP areas, the discriptive statistic indicates strong mean significant differences for the descriptors of nutrition, housing and state of health among the two sample categories. The discriminant function strongly discriminates between the two sample groups while the multiple regression analysis establishes a causal relationship between the discriptors of rural healthy days and labour supply for the two sample data sets. The policy implication of the study is that the implementation of the ADP particularly the Ilorin, leads to the improvement of quality of life and greater infusion of high quality labour into the rural agricultural industry. Higher productivity and increased farm family income and enhanced rural life which results is a useful virile circle necessary for laying the bedrock for the rural development.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1991

Agricultural development and arthropod-borne diseases: a review.

A review is presented of the interrelationships between arthropod vectors, the diseases they transmit and agricultural development. Particular attention is given to the effects of deforestation, livestock development and irrigation on the abundance of vectors and changing patterns of diseases such as malaria, trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, Chagas' and some arboviral infections. The question as whether keeping livestock diverts biting away from people and reduces diseases such as malaria--that is zooprophylaxis, or whether the presence of cattle actually increases biting populations is discussed.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1990

Effects of agricultural development policies on migration in peninsular Malaysia.

State planning plays a central role in Malaysia's social and economic development. The government's rural development policies are designed to promote agricultural incomes and help counterbalance ethnic inequalities. The Federal Land Development Authority (FELDA) implements one of the internationally most successful land development and resettlement programs. In this article, we quantify the impact of FELDA settlements on local out-migration rates, linking macro and micro approaches and using data from the Malaysian Family Life Survey, national censuses, and other sources. A model of instantaneous migration rates specifies an individual's migration rate as a function of individual-level sociodemographic characteristics, the level of urbanization of the origin and destination, and the extent of rural development at the district of current residence. Our results show that in the late 1960s and early 1970s, the existence of rural development centers in a district reduced the levels of out-migration to pre-1965 levels.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1988

[Study of mortality rate in acute poisoning and its characteristics in a region with developed agriculture].

The lethality rate from acute intoxications was studied for the period 1975-1986 in the Tolboukhin district, Bulgaria, a district with a highly developed modern agriculture. A total of 119 persons died from intoxications during the period studied which makes 0.39% of all deceased and a mortality rate of 3.89/100,000 population. Men were five times more than women. 40% of the diseases were in the age group 41-60 years and 23.5% were above 60 years of age. Children up to 14 years were only 4. The peasants prevailed. The domestic (casual) intoxications are leading (62.2%), followed by suicides (32.8%) and professional intoxications (5%). Only 32.7% died in hospital, the remaining 61.3% died elsewhere. The main cause of death was alcohol (44.6%), followed by pesticides (mainly phosphororganic compounds--24.4%), on the 3d and 4th place are drugs and industrial products (including toxic gases--9.2%). Among the hospitalized patients prevailed those with pesticide intoxications (mainly phosphororganic compounds), followed by drugs and corrosive poisons. Among the non-hospitalized patients the alcoholic intoxications are leading, followed by industrial products. Appropriate conclusion are made.

Adolescent↗