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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2002

A Model Obesity Control Program Focusing on a Healthy Diet and Gentle Exercise in Aichi Cancer Center Hospital.

With the change of nutrient intake after the Second World War, obesity is becoming one of the most serious health problems in Japan. From a practical viewpoint for prevention of lifestyle related diseases, we planned an intervention trial of weight control for obese women. After obtaining informed consent, we recruited patients over 30 years old with a BMI of 24 or more for the present program. Forty patients were randomly assigned into study groups A (28) and B (12). Group A started the prevention program at the entry and group B started three months thereafter, according to the protocol. This trial was designed to evaluate effectiveness of intervention trial during the first 3 months by comparing values with those for the non- intervention subjects. At the baseline and after three and six months, participants were checked for body size, dietary intake and serum chemistry. They were stressed to make a record not only of food intake but also physical activity over the 3 months. Every weekend they returned their record diaries by mail and we provided appropriate comments by telephone and/or mail after reviewing them. After follow up for 3 months, we observed significant improvement in BMI, waist and hip size. There was a 4.2 % decrease of initial body weight on average after intervention but a 0.3 % increase in the group without intervention, the difference between the two groups being statistically significant. With regard to change in key biomarkers in group A, decreased serum triglycerides appeared related to the reduction of BMI, but no link was apparent for total cholesterol.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1998

Evaluation of the death certificate follow-up method for the analysis of survival rate: data from Aichi Prefecture, Japan.

To evaluate the use, for studies on survival, of death certificates from population-based cancer registries in Japan, we compared 5-year survival rates by two different methods: passive, derived from death certificates, and active, using family register systems. Registered cancer cases from Aichi Prefectural Cancer Registry were used as a model. The study subjects comprised 9244 cancer patients (3830 males and 5414 females) newly diagnosed at the Aichi Cancer Center Hospital and recorded in the Aichi Prefectural Cancer Registry between 1983 and 1991. The passive follow-up method, using death certificates, identified 87-89% of deaths among the study subjects. The proportion of deaths which were not identified by the passive follow-up method did not vary greatly with age or gender, but was higher among patients in the earlier rather than the later stages of cancer. Overall, the absolute and relative effects of unregistered deaths on apparent survival rate vary with the absolute survival rate. The absolute and relative differences between the survival rates calculated by the two methods are explained more clearly when data are analyzed by cancer site. The results of the present study provide useful information for interpreting the survival rate following diagnosis of cancer estimated by the passive follow-up method, i.e. using death certificates from a population-based cancer registry.

Aged↗

PubMed1984

Minimal thyroid carcinoma: a report of nine cases discovered by cervical lymph node metastases.

From 1962 to 1983, nine patients with minimal carcinoma of the thyroid were referred to Aichi Cancer Center Hospital and to Aichi Medical University Hospital for evaluation of enlarged lymph nodes in the neck. The radiographic study and scintigraphy of the thyroid were useful in detection of small thyroid lesions. In two cases, a lymph node biopsy was required for confirmation of the diagnosis. The thyroid lesions were histologically papillary carcinoma, in all the cases. A modified neck dissection with total thyroidectomy was carried out in five patients and modified neck dissection with thyroid lobectomy was done in four cases. Nine patients were followed for 6 months to 20 years and all the patients except one are alive.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Association between smoking habits and dopamine receptor D2 taqI A A2 allele in Japanese males: a confirmatory study.

Our previous study showed that A2 allele of dopamine D2 (DRD2) TaqI A polymorphism related to smoking habits, which was opposed to the results of studies for Caucasians. In order to confirm our finding, a similar study was conducted for the first-visit outpatients of Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, who participated in HERPACC-II (Hospital-based Epidemiologic Research Program at Aichi Cancer Center-II). Among consecutive 1,577 first-visit patients between November 2000 and February 2001, 800 patients provided a 7 ml of peripheral blood. Smoking habit data were available for 798 participants. Excluding five participants aged < 20 years or > 80 years, the remaining 793 participants (346 males and 447 females) were analyzed. The DRD2 genotype was determined by a new method, polymerase chain reaction with confronting two-pair primers (PCR-CTPP). In males, current smokers were 35.3% of individuals with A1A1 genotype, 43.1% of individuals with A1A2 genotype, and 57.0% of individuals with A2A2 genotype, while in females, they were 19.6%, 14.6%, and 10.9%, respectively. Age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) of current smoking relative to A1A1 was 1.61 (95% confidence interval, 0.71-3.46) for A1A2 and 2.32 (1.02-5.29) for A2A2 in males, and 0.72 (0.32-1.61) and 0.51 (0.22-1.18) in females, respectively. The present study indicated that Japanese males with A2A2 genotype have a higher risk of being current smokers. No association for Japanese females suggested that female smoking behavior is differently affected in biological and/or psychological manner.

Alleles↗

PubMed1999

Influence of habitual smoking on gastric cancer by histologic subtype.

A comparative case-referent study was conducted using data from the Hospital-based Epidemiologic Research Program at Aichi Cancer Center (HERPACC), with the aim of clarifying whether histologic subtypes of gastric cancer exhibit different risk-factor patterns of habitual smoking. Our study comprised 995 histologically confirmed gastric-cancer cases [460 differentiated (intestinal type), 527 non-differentiated (diffuse type) and 8 unclassified], identified via hospital cancer registry and surgical records, and 43,846 non-cancer outpatients at Aichi Cancer Center Hospital over the years 1988-1995. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated by gender using logistic regression and adjusted for potential confounding factors. In males, a significantly increased OR of gastric cancer was observed for habitual smokers, and this was higher in the differentiated type than the non-differentiated type and in younger than in older age groups. Risk patterns were less clear in females. Our results suggest that habitual smoking is associated more likely with the differentiated type of gastric cancer, particularly in younger cases.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Helicobacter Pylori Seropositivity, the Interleukin 1B Polymorphism, and Smoking among First-visit Outpatients.

Our previous studies of 241 re-visit outpatients in the Helicobacter pylori (HP) eradication program (HPE) of Aichi Cancer Center Hospital (Jpn J Cancer Res 2001;92:383-389 ) and of 462 health checkup examinees (HCE) in Nagoya (Jpn J Public Health 2001;48:604-612) found a significant association between HP seropositivity and the Interleukin 1B (IL-1B) C-31T genotype, especially among current smokers. This study aimed to confirm the association for 547 first-visit outpatients (277 males and 270 females) of Aichi Cancer Center Hospital aged 40 to 79 years. Samples were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction with confronting two-pair primers (PCR-CTPP), the same method as that used in the previous studies. Sex-age-adjusted odds ratio (aOR) was 1.32 (95% confidence interval, 0.84-2.08) for CT genotype and 1.35 (0.84-2.08) for TT genotype. The aOR was higher in never smokers (aOR=1.69, 0.86-3.32 for TT genotype) than in current smokers (aOR=1.01, 0.34-2.98 for TT genotype). The obtained aORs for TT genotype were inconsistent to those in our previous studies; aOR=2.46 (1.06-5.74) for 241 HPE, aOR=1.74 (1.05-2.89) for 462 HCE, aOR=22.9 (1.97-266) for 55 HPE current smokers, and aOR=4.62 (0.94-22.7) for 67 HCE current smokers. Since the 95% confidence intervals of aORs for TT genotype from the three study subjects overlapped, the inconsistent findings could be due to random errors. Alternatively, there might be other effect modifiers for the association with the polymorphism. Further studies will be required to elucidate the causes of the observed inconsistent findings.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2004

Association between smoking habits and tryptophan hydroxylase gene C218A polymorphism among the Japanese population.

BACKGROUND: Genetic polymorphisms have proposed a new insight in smoking behavior. Genes in serotonin system are one of the candidates because of serotonin's role in mood regulation. A polymorphism C218A in intron 7 of the tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) gene has been hypothesized in relation to smoking predisposition. METHODS: We examined the association on two Japanese populations: one was from the first-visit outpatients of Aichi Cancer Center Hospital during 3-month period between April and June, 2001 (N=591), and the second was from the examinees who attended a health checkup program supported by the Nagoya municipal government in 2000 (N=446). Written documents on informed consent were obtained and lifestyle questionnaires were recorded. TPH C218A genotypes were determined by the polymerase chain reaction with confronting two-pair primers (PCR-CTPP) method. RESULTS: The frequencies of the C- and A-allele were 52% and 48%, respectively, which was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. As for current smoking status, no associations were statistically observed. It was, however, indicated that smokers with A/A genotype started smoking earlier in their life. Among male health examinees, mean ages at starting smoking were 18.7 (A/A), 19.9 (C/A), and 22.4 years (C/C), (P<0.01). Also, on the Aichi Cancer Center Hospital subjects aged 60 and older, mean ages were 19.0 (A/A), 20.2 (C/A), and 20.3 years (C/C) for males and 22.3 (A/A), 31.0 (C/A), and 33.0 years (C/C) for females (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrated that the TPH C218A polymorphism in intron 7 had no association with current smoking status in Japanese population. The hypothesis of early smoking initiation of A/A genotype was partially in agreement.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Patients' expectations of information provided at cancer hospitals in Japan.

In order to survey patients' views on disease and treatment information that should be provided at hospitals, an anonymous self-administered questionnaire was distributed to patients at Aichi Cancer Center Hospital in 1995. All eligible first-visit outpatients (97 persons), randomly selected revisit outpatients (99 persons; about one in ten refused), and all except six eligible inpatients in good condition at discharge (97 persons) responded. Out of 293 patients (115 males, 174 females and 4 unspecified), 74% answered that they wanted to be informed of their diagnosis irrespective of circumstances, 20% answered that they would want to be informed only in certain circumstances, and 2% did not want to be informed at all. There were no significant differences in response among the three sources of patients. Inpatients wanted more (81%) to be explained about recommended therapy than either first-visit outpatients (67%) or revisit outpatients (67%). The majority considered that about a 30-minute explanation was needed using pamphlet-like written materials or video. When asked what information was needed when choosing a cancer hospital, 71% specified information on the specialty of the hospital, 57% the content of the care provided, 23% the name and specialty of the doctors, 20% the waiting period before scheduled admission, 13% the average admission period, 11% the number of patients with the same disease, 10% the waiting time at the outpatient clinic, 6% the meal menu, and 4% the number of private wards. Forty-three percent wanted an information service covering all hospitals in the region through an information center. The results revealed that patients at this cancer hospital required information on their disease, treatment, and hospital specialty.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Family history and subsite of gastric cancer: data from a case-referent study in Japan.

A comparative case-referent study was conducted using data from the Hospital-Based Epidemiologic Research Program at Aichi Cancer Center (HERPACC) (Nagoya, Japan), with the aim of clarifying the effect of family history on gastric cancer by subsite. Our study comprised 995 histologically confirmed gastric cancer cases (180 cardia, 430 middle, 365 antrum and 20 unclassified) and a total of 43,846 non-cancer outpatients at Aichi Cancer Center Hospital between 1988 and 1995. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for family history of gastric cancer and other cancers, adjusted for age, year and season at first hospital visit, habitual smoking, habitual alcohol drinking, regular physical exercise, preference for salty food and raw vegetable intake. In both genders, a positive family history of gastric cancer was associated with a moderate, but statistically significant increase in risk of gastric cancer [OR = 1.51, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.29-1.76], while no association was observed between the risk of gastric cancer and a family history of other cancers [OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.84-1.13]. OR increased for the middle and antrum parts of gastric cancer, but an increment for the cardiac part was observed only in those with a maternal history of gastric cancer. Our results suggest that the risk of gastric cancer in relation to family history varies by subsite and, furthermore, that the subsite-specific risk of gastric cancer is linked to a maternal history of gastric cancer.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Patients' views on reference to clinical data.

In order to survey patients' views on reference to clinical data for research purposes, an anonymous self-administered questionnaire was distributed to Aichi Cancer Center Hospital patients in 1995. All eligible first-visit outpatients (97 persons), randomly selected revisit outpatients (99 persons), and all eligible inpatients in a good condition at discharge except six cases (97 persons), responded to the questionnaire. Out of 293 patients (115 males, 174 females and 4 unspecified), 85.3% (standard error 2.1%) considered that hospitals should make active efforts to improve their health care and treatment skills. And 88.1% (standard error 1.9%) answered that reference to their own clinical data to improve health care and treatment skills was "preferable" or "don't mind".

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Polymorphisms of p53 Arg72Pro, p73 G4C14-to-A4T14 at exon 2 and p21 Ser31Arg and the risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Japanese.

We hypothesized that the polymorphisms in the two p53 family genes (p53 Arg72Pro and p73 G4C14-to-A4T14 at exon 2 (G4A)) and p21 Ser31Arg polymorphism might modulate the risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and conducted a hospital-based prevalent case control study at Aichi Cancer Center Hospital to clarify the association. Risk estimation for each genotype by the unconditional logistic model demonstrated the possible association between the p53 Pro72 allele and the risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Japanese population (OR = 1.59; 95% CI, 0.99-2.57, P = 0.057), although no other significant association was observed. The analyses of statistical interactions between these three polymorphisms (p73 G4A, p53 Arg72Pro and p21 Ser31Arg polymorphisms) revealed the marginally significant OR for interaction between p53 Arg72Pro and p73 G4A polymorphisms (OR = 2.54; 95% CI, 0.97 6.62, P = 0.057). When those without p53 Pro72 and p73 A4T14 alleles were defined as a reference, those with p53 Pro72 and p73 A4T14 alleles demonstrated a significantly higher OR (2.08; 95% CI, 1.11-3.90, P = 0.023). Further examination with a sufficiently larger population and other ethnicities are required to confirm our findings.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Foods and beverages in relation to urothelial cancer: case-control study in Japan.

BACKGROUND: The roles of several foods and beverages in the development of bladder cancer remain unclear. METHODS: We undertook a hospital-based case-control study at Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Japan. Subjects included 124 men and women (bladder cancer cases) with newly diagnosed cancers of the renal pelvis (n = 5), ureter (n = 6) or bladder (n = 113) and 620 age- and sex-matched, cancer-free outpatients (controls) presenting at the hospital in the period from 1994 to 2000. Smoking-adjusted odds ratios (OR) were estimated to assess the strength of associations between self-reported intake of foods or drinks and bladder cancer risk, using conditional logistic models. RESULTS: We found a decreased risk in relation to frequent intake of green-yellow vegetables; the OR for the highest intake score compared with the lowest was 0.54 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.29-0.99). The OR for carrot intake of >/=5 times/week compared with </=1-3 times/month was 0.41 (95% CI 0.16-1.01) and a decreasing risk with increasing consumption of green vegetables was also detected (P for trend = 0.063). Inverse associations between black tea, eggs and meat and risk were also suggested, whereas moderate drinkers of green tea (5-9 cups/day) showed an elevated risk. Coffee and milk consumption did not appear to exert any influence. CONCLUSIONS: Those with an increased risk of bladder cancer, such as smokers, may benefit from increasing their consumption of green-yellow vegetables.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Risk factors of thyroid cancer among women in Tokai, Japan.

To analyze the risk factors of thyroid cancer among Japanese women who generally consume much more iodine than Europeans, we conducted a hospital-based case-referent study at Aichi Cancer Center Hospital (ACCH) in Nagoya, Japan. Ninety-four female patients aged between 20-79 years with papillary or follicular carcinoma of the thyroid, and 22,666 female outpatients without cancer were used. Past history of benign thyroid mass or goiter (odds ratio: OR = 13.9) and hyperthyroidism (OR = 5.0) showed increased ORs of thyroid cancer. Thyroid cancer cases consumed coffee less frequently (OR = 0.5) and had had more experience of delivery than referents (> or = 3 times; OR = 2.5). Western style breakfast (OR = 0.5) also decreased the OR. For the multivariate analysis, past history of thyroid diseases (OR = 4.3) was positively associated with the risk of thyroid cancer and everyday coffee consumption (OR = 0.6) tended to decrease the risk. These results suggest that thyroid hormone-related factors may be involved in the risk of thyroid cancer in Japan, too. To clarify the risk involved in Japanese food, another comparative study including detailed information on iodine intake between countries and individuals is required.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗

PubMed1990

[Hospital epidemiology--a comparative case control study of breast and cervical cancers].

To promote the comprehensive measure of cancer prevention for future, a hospital-based epidemiological study on a large scale has started at the Aichi Cancer Center Hospital. As the first step of this study by using a common questionnaire, a simultaneous case-control study on the two cancers involving 175 cases with breast cancer, 56 cases with cervical cancer and 231 controls was conducted in 1988. Body weight was positively related to breast cancer only in older (50-69) patients. Young age at first birth (less than or equal to 23) increased the risk of cervical cancer (OR = 4.1). Active and passive smoking increased the risk of cervical cancer (OR = 2.6, 2.3) but only passive smoking increased the risk of older breast cancer (OR = 2.0). Frequent intakes of green vegetables and carrot decreased the risk of younger (30-49) breast cancer (OR = 0.5, 0.5) and cervical cancer (OR = 0.3, 0.5). Some other factors with positive and negative effects on these two cancers were identified in this case-control analysis.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMed1989

[A new approach to hospital-based cancer epidemiology].

In order to clarify risk modifiers which affect cancer progression, as well as general risk factors, a hospital-based epidemiological study on a large scale is planned. For the first step of this study, a method of systematic data collection from all new patients who visit the Aichi Cancer Center Hospital is designed. Through such a hospital-based study, epidemiologists can play the important role in the development of both a basic study on cancer risks and an applied study on cancer prevention in cooperation with physicians and basic scientists. In the process of an advancing hospital-based epidemiological study, the important information will be built-up for the comprehensive measurement of cancer prevention for future.

Data Collection↗

PubMed1995

Subsite-specific risk factors for colorectal cancer: a hospital-based case-control study in Japan.

To investigate the subsite-specific risk factors for colorectal cancer, we conducted a case-control study, using a common questionnaire which inquired about general lifestyles over the past five years (1988-92), at the Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan. This study compared 432 patients with histopathologically diagnosed colorectal cancer (94 proximal colon [cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon]; 137 distal colon [descending colon, sigmoid colon]; 201 rectum [rectosigmoid, rectum]); and 31,782 first-visit outpatient controls who were free from cancer. In both genders, habitual smoking selectively increased the risk for rectum cancer. Soft or loose feces increased the risk for all subsites of colorectal cancer, particularly in female rectum cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 4.5). Among female dietary habits, Japanese-style foods decreased the risk for distal colon cancer, but increased the risk for proximal colon cancer. These results suggested that the risk factors for colorectal cancer differ by subsite among such a low-risk population as the Japanese. It is suggested also that 'irritable bowel' (soft or loose feces) might be associated with distal subsites of colorectal cancer, independently or combined with habitual smoking.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

A large-scale, hospital-based case-control study of risk factors of breast cancer according to menopausal status.

We conducted a large-scale, hospital-based case-control study to evaluate differences and similarities in the risk factors of female breast cancer according to menopausal status. This study is based on a questionnaire survey on life style routinely obtained from outpatients who first visited the Aichi Cancer Center Hospital between January 1, 1988 and December 31, 1992. Among 36,944 outpatients, 1,186 women with breast cancer detected by histological examination were taken as the case group (607 premenopausal women and 445 postmenopausal women) and 23,163 women confirmed to be free of cancer were selected as the control group. New findings and reconfirmed factors of breast cancer were as follows. 1) The risk of at least one breast cancer history among subjects' first-degree relatives was relatively high among pre- as well as post-menopausal women. 2) A protective effect of physical activity against breast cancer was observed among both pre- and post-menopausal women. 3) Dietary control decreased the risk of premenopausal breast cancer. 4) Current smoking and drinking elevated the risk of breast cancer in premenopausal women. 5) Decreasing trends of breast cancer risk were associated with intake of bean curd, green-yellow vegetables, potato or sweet potato, chicken and ham or sausage in premenopausal women, while in postmenopausal women a risk reduction was associated with a more frequent intake of boiled, broiled and/or raw fish (sashimi). Further study will be needed to clarify the age group- and/or birth cohort-specific risk factors for breast cancer among the young generation in Japan.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Lifestyle and anti-Helicobacter pylori immunoglobulin G antibody among outpatients.

Since eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is thought to be a preventive measure against stomach cancer, several studies have examined factors associated with the infection. This paper reports the association of the infection with lifestyle factors observed in a hospital-based case-control study. Cases were 140 anti-H. pylori IgG antibody-positive outpatients (75 males and 65 females). Controls were 52 antibody-negative outpatients (22 males and 30 females). Both groups had undergone gastroscopy at Aichi Cancer Center Hospital between February 1995 and February 1997, and lifestyle data collected on the first visit were linked to calculate odds ratios. A strong association was observed with smoking among males; age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 7.85, 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.03-30.4. Rice breakfast (OR = 3.74; 95% CI, 1.30-10.8) and soybean paste soup (every day vs. occasionally, OR = 5.24; 95% CI, 1.80-15.2) were also associated with antibody positivity in males, but not in females. In females, pickled Chinese cabbage (> or = 1/week vs. < or = 3/month, OR = 2.82; 95% CI, 1.06-7.48) and lettuce (> or = 1/week vs. < or = 3/month, OR = 2.90; 95% CI, 1.09-7.76) were significantly associated with positivity. Multivariate analysis gave similar estimates for the above factors. Although the association between smoking and H. pylori infection has not been detected in past studies of a general population, except one recent one, this study on outpatients suggested a possible association. Smoking may work as a cofactor disturbing incidental eradication of H. pylori by antibacterial agents administered for other reasons.

Adult↗