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Results for “Akathisia, Drug-Induced”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Hoigné's syndrome-its course and symptomatology.

The study presents the clinical symptomatology of acute embolic-toxic reactions to penicillin seen in 9 patients treated with the drug. The complex of short-lasting symptoms characterized by severe agitation with confusion, visual and auditory hallucinations and dire fear is caused by accidental penetration of an amount of intramuscular penicillin injected into the venous system. The authors' experience and the data so far published reveal a much more frequent occurrence of Hoigné's (1959) syndrome than is usually thought. The syndrome does not depend upon the dose of a single injection of procaine penicillin but it may be attributed to poor technique of intramuscular injection and to great number of injections in a small area of the buttock. It is recommended that intravenous steroids in the treatment of acute symptoms of Hoigné's syndrome beside pharmacological sedation of the patient are applied.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The "neuroleptic" antipsychotic drugs. 2. Neurologic side effects.

The specific neurologic side effects of the antipsychotic agents include acute dystonias, parkinsonism, motor restlessness, and late choretoathetosis. Treatment of the acute reactions is usually effected by the use of anticholinergic agents; treatment of the later dyskinesias is unsatisfactory, and these reactions are to be avoided by judicious use of antipsychotic drugs for long-term treatment.

Akathisia, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1978

A comparative study of halothane and enflurane in paediatric outpatient anaesthesia.

Two groups of paediatric patients, consisting of 40 patients each, were studied with regard to anaesthesia induction and recovery. Group H was given halothane and Group E received enflurane. The induction time was similar for the two groups. Enflurane had, on average, a shorter recovery time (17 +/- 4 min) than halothane (26 +/- 4min) (P less than 0.05). The mean dose of anaesthetic given, expressed as the product of inspired concentration times minute ventilation, was 2.3 +/- 0.2 1 100% halothane and 2.8 +/- 0.2 1 100% enflurane. If one assumes that the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) value for enflurane twice that of halothane, group E received a less potent anaesthetic dose. This might explain the similar induction times, and, in part, the shorter recovery time for enflurane in this study. No difference was noted between the two agents with regard to post-operative nausea and vomiting or restlessness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Restlessness and shivering after naloxone reversal of fentanyl-supplemented anaesthesia.

To study the significance of normalization of ventilatory or thermal homeostasis during naloxone reversal, 95 patients were given naloxone after thiopental-N2O-O2-relaxant anaesthesia supplemented with fentanyl (6 microgram/kg/h). If naloxone 0.16 mg was given to combat postoperative apnoea during hypercapnia (end tidal carbon dioxide concentration (ETco2)8%), minute ventilation and respiratory rate were significantly higher during the first minutes as compared to the normocapnic patients. Shivering occurred in 44% in the hypercapnic group, as compared to about 30% if naloxone was given during normocapnia (ETco2 5%). Postoperative pain and restlessness were significantly increased in the hypercapnic group. During normocapnia, untoward reactions were less frequent (40%) if naloxone was given in smaller increments (0.08 + 0.08 mg) rather than in one dose (0.16 mg) (72%). This was mainly due to nausea (8% compared to 32%). The incidence and severity of shivering showed a positive correlation to the duration of anaesthesia (r = 0.42) and to the total amount of fentanyl (r = 0.32), but not to the actual postoperative oesophageal temperature (r = -0.13). The results indicate that though untoward reactions after naloxone reversal are aggravated by naloxone-induced normalization of deranged homeostatic mechanisms, their aetiology probably should be sought in an acute abstinence syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Paradoxical lithium neurotoxicity: a report of five cases and a hypothesis about risk for neurotoxicity.

There have been many reports of probable lithium-induced organic brain syndromes occurring when serum lithium levels are within or close to the therapeutic range. The authors report on five patients who developed clinical syndromes suggestive of severe neurotoxicity during lithium treatment. In all cases lithium levels were between .75 and 1.7 mEq/liter. The patients who developed neurotoxicity had markedly higher global ratings of psychotic symptomatology and anxiety in the pretoxic period than did patients who never deveoped neurotoxicity. When the acute manic state is characterized by marked psychotic symptoms and intense anxiety, it may be associated with increased vulnerability to the development of severe lithium neurotoxicity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Diazepam addiction: a case report.

A case of addiction to Diazepam is reported. Severe withdrawal symptoms such as tremulousness, irritability, increased psychomotor activity, generalized muscle cramps, photophobia, retro-orbital pains and insomnia are described. Visual hallucinations, illusions, and paranoid features are also present in this case. Detoxification and management were accomplished by gradual withdrawal and the addition of another tranquilizer, anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant. The author reviews other such reports of abuse and addiction in the literature which call for wide recognition of the addictive properties of Diazepam and for restrictions on its indiscriminate prescription by physicians.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Results of a clinical trial with bromperidol C-C 2489/21.

A controlled clinical study--phase III--with bromperidol was conducted on 30 male patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia of different subtypes, realized by psychiatric assessments and by laboratory measures over an eight-week investigational period. A global improvement (from very much up to moderately) was achieved in 76% of the patients; two patients dropped out. The optimal dosage of bromperidol seemed to lie between 4 and 6 mg/day. The adverse effects were confined to moderate extrapyramidal symptoms in the extent of a higher dosage. Bromperidol appears to be a potent longacting neuroleptic drug without essential psychomotor damping, anxiolytic and hypnosedating properties, but with a strong antipsychotic potential against the basic schizophrenic disintegration. It is mainly indicated in paranoia, depressive-paranoia and simple forms of schizophrenia.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neuroleptic potency of bromperidol.

The following statements can be made on the basis of our study. 1. The butyrophenone bromperidol is an absolutely effective drug of the series of very high-potency neuroleptics, with a mean neuroleptic threshold dose of 5.6 mg/day. The mean optimum dose is 6 mg/day, and the mean maximum dose reaches 11 mg/day, i.e. twice the neuroleptic threshold dose. 2. The substance is generally well tolerated; when it was administered to one third of all cases in one single dose in the evening, it not only had the same beneficial neuroleptic-antipsychotic effect as on administration t.i.d., but also positively influenced sleep, so that sleep-inducing drugs could be reduced and, in some cases, even dispensed with. This relatively long-lasting effect confirms the finding made in animal experiments.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Chronology of the extrapyramidal effects of neuroleptics, and the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system].

Authors after analysis of the data in literature describe the chronologic appearance of the extrapyramidal effects of neuroleptics. In order to restore a neurophysiological coherence to dissimilar or even contradictory clinical emergences this sequence is analysed in function of the actual data, relative to the mechanism and to the modalities of adaptation of the dopaminergic synapse of the nigro striatal system.

Akathisia, Drug-Induced↗