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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Pepsin immobilized on inorganic supports for the continuous coagulation of skim milk.

The milk-clotting enzyme pepsin was immobilized onto beads of alumina, titania, glass, stainless steel, iron oxide, and Teflon for treating skim milk in a fluidized-bed reactor. Two covalent attachment procedures using silanized supports and glutaraldehyde and two adsorption procedures were evaluated. The three best catalysts were titania and glass, using the covalent attachment procedure, and alumina, using the adsorption procedure at pH 1.2. The pepsin adsorbed on alumina catalyst has commercial potential compared to the previously used glass catalyst. Attempts to increase the stability of pepsin adsorbed on alumina by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde were unsuccessful owing to the low pH necessary for optimum pepsin adsorption; Desorption of pepsin from alumina during reactor operation was determined. Regeneration of spent catalysts was only partially successful.

Alum Compounds↗
PubMed1977

The management of renal osteodystrophy.

Hyperparathyroidism is the main cause of renal bone disease. At the moment its progress can be retarded by controlling plasma calcium and phosphate. But the prevention and cure of hyperparathyroidism without surgery eludes us. There is a suggestion that the administration of some metabolite of Vitamin D may be more successful. Osteomalacia on the other hand does not appear to be an important problem and is easily prevented and cured.

Alum Compounds↗
PubMed1975

DC potentials of temporal lobe seizures in the monkey.

In 8 monkeys, made epileptic by alum or penicillin injection into temporal lobe structures, 40 seizures were studied by both DC cortical potential and subcortical EEG recordings. Eighteen seizures of lateral temporal origin had an abrupt negative DC potential shift of 0.5 to 2.0 mV in and around the focus. The frontal, parietal and occipital cortices did not develop DC potential changes, perhaps due to the limited propagation of the neocortical seizures. Twenty-two seizures of medial temporal origin showed a negative shift of the anterior, inferior or lateral temporal cortex in 85% of seizures. The other 15% had a positive or no shift. In hippocampal seizures, a positive displacement was sometimes seen prior to the main negative shift in the lateral temporal cortex. The remote cortex developed only a minimal positive shift in 30% of the mediotemporal seizures. A marked negative shift in the frontocentral cortex was the first sign of impending generalization, which may result from a series of chain reactions with seizure propagation, involving more and more structures of the brain. Registration of DC potentials in temporal lobe seizures may give insight into the nature of abnormal EEG activities and to some extent into the origin of seizures.

Alum Compounds↗
PubMed1976

Nuclear stains with soluble metachrome metal mordant dye lakes. The effect of chemical endgroup blocking reactions and the artificial introduction of acid groups into tissues.

Following our study on the effect of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction on nuclear staining with soluble metal mordant dye lakes covering 29 dye lakes we chose a series of lakes representing the three groups: (1) readily prevented by DNA removal, (2) weakened by DNA extraction but not prevented, (3) unaffected by DNA removal, for application of other endgroup blockade reactions. The lakes selected were alum and iron hematoxylins, iron alum and ferrous sulfate galleins, Fe2+ gallo blue E, iron alum celestin blue B, iron alum fluorone black and the phenocyanin TC-FeSO4 sequence. Azure A with and without an eosin B neutral stain, was used as a simple cationic (and anionic) dye control. Methylation was less effective than with simple cationic dyes, but did weaken celestin blue, gallo blue E and phenocyanin Fe2+ nuclear stains. These dyes also demonstrate other acid groups: acid mucins, cartilage matrix, mast cells, central nervous corpora amylacea and artificially introduced carboxyl, sulfuric and sulfonic acid groups. Alum hematoxylin stained cartilage weakly and demonstrated sulfation and sulfonation sites. The iron galleins, iron fluorone black and acid iron hematoxylin do not. A pH 4 iron alum hematoxylin gave no staining of these sites; an alum hematoxylin acidified with 1% 12 N HCl gave weaker results. Deamination prevented eosin and orange G counterstains but did not impair nuclear stains with any of the mordant dye lakes. The simple acetylations likewise did not alter mordant dye nuclear staining, the Skraup reagent gave its usual sulfation effect on other tissue elements, but did not alter nuclear stains by mordant dyes. The mordant dyes do not bind to periodic acid engendered aldehyde sites and p-toluidine/acetic acid and borohydride aldehyde blockades did not alter mordant dye lake nuclear staining. Nitration by tetranitromethane, which blocks azo coupling of tyrosine residues, did not alter nuclear staining by the mordant dye lakes. Benzil at pH 13, which prevents the beta-naphthoquinone-4-Na sulfonate (NQS) arginine reaction and the Fullmer reaction of basic nucleoprotein, did not affect iron gallein, iron or alum hematoxylin stains of nuclei or lingual keratohyalin.

Aldehydes↗
PubMed1976

The effect of graded 60 degrees C 1N nitric acid extraction and of deoxyribonuclease digestion on nuclear staining by metachrome mordant dye metal salt mixtures.

We can divide metachrome mordant staining of nuclei after graded 60 degrees C 1 N nitric acid extraction into three groups. The Feulgen nucleal reaction and dilute cationic dye staining of nuclei are abolished in about 30 minutes. With one group of metachrome dyes nuclear staining is lost with acid exposures of one hour or less. In a second group nuclear staining is weakened by 30-60 minute extractions, but persists in recognizable grade for 4-6 hours. In the third group nuclear staining remains almost unimpaired for 4-6 hours. In the first group the nuclear staining seems clearly assignable to the nucleic acids and to DNA in particular. In the second group loss of part of the reactivity on short exposure indicates some participation of DNA in the control staining result, as well as participation of basic nucleoprotein. In the third group staining seems assignable largely to basic nucleoprotein. The five gallocyanin group dyes, all in group 1, all possess a dialkylamino group, probably functioning as an ammonium chloride.Hematoxylin, the flurone blacks and gallein all present an o-hydroxysemiquinone group which probably acts as a weak acid, in addition to the carboxyl group of gallein which gives the strongest staining of nuclei at the longest acid exposure. Deoxyribonuclease digestion (2 hours, 37 degrees C) separated sharply a class in which nuclear staining failed completely, a class in which nuclear staining was fully equal to that in the control preparations and an intermediate group in which slight, moderate, or severa impairment was present. Generally there was good agreement between the two methods of nucleic acid removal, despite the fixation difference. In each case, however, the extraction procedure was one worked out for the fixation on which it was used.

Alum Compounds↗
PubMed1975

Removal of algae from Florida lakes by magnetic filtration.

Magnetic filtration was used for the removal of algal populations present in five lakes located in the vicinity of Gainesville, Fla. It was found that the use of this technique enabled a good removal (94%) of algal cells from three lakes where the pH was around 7. The other two lakes, with a higher pH, displayed a lower removal. However, the treatment was greatly improved by lowering the pH from 9.5 to 6.5.

Alum Compounds↗
PubMed1977

Homologous and heterologous protection of mice with group A streptococcal M protein vaccines.

Purified streptococcal M proteins precipitated with alum (APM) were used to immunize mice. A trivalent vaccine of serotypes 1, 3, and 12 protected mice against challenges by homologous live streptococci and also conferred protection against serotypes 6 and 14 but not against a strain of group B streptococci. Monovalent APM vaccines afforded homologous protection and restricted heterologous protection. The extent of heterologous protection was a function of serotype combinations and was also dose dependent. Rabbit antisera exhibiting strong opsonic activities were active in vitro and in passive mouse protection only for homologous serotypes. Mouse antisera did not passively transfer protection and were not bactericidal in vitro. It was concluded that homologous and heterologous active mouse protection was most likely a result of shared antigenic determinants of the various M proteins although protection of mice could not be measured as a function of circulating anti-M antibodies.

Alum Compounds↗
PubMed1975

Adjuvant activity of the histamine-sensitizing factor of Bordetella pertussis in different strains of mice.

The effect of an extract of histamine-sensitizing factor (HSF) of Bordetella pertussis on the immune response of different strains of mice to ovalbumin (OA) was investigated with regard to optimal dose of antigen and adjuvant. It was observed that all strains of mice treated with HSF during immunization with OA demonstrated enhanced production of hemagglutinating antibodies, as compared to animals treated with antigen alone. This enhancement was generally not as great as that demonstrated when Al(OH)3 was the adjuvant. HSF also stimulated a reaginic antibody response (IgE) to OA, but not in all strains of mice. In reagin responders optimal responses were observed with high doses of both antigen and adjuvant, whereas low doses of both produced little or no response. Maximal reagin production occurred usually 14-28 days after immunization and persisted for long periods of time. An anamnestic reagin response was elicited upon secondary immunization with antigen alone, not only in mice immunized with OA and HSF but also in animals treated with OA alone. These studies demonstrate the profound effect that a microbial substance such as HSF can have on reaginic antibody production and suggest that the stimulation of IgE antibody production is the net result of a number of factors including genetic capabilities of the host, environmental influence such as adjuvants, and prior exposure to an antigen.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1979

Suppression of IgE antibody formation in mice: requirement for T-T lymphocyte interaction.

Norman SWR mice injected with syngeneic spleen cells from ovalbumin (Ov)-primed mice were unable to make IgE anti-Ov antibodies when challenged with alum-pertussis-Ov. Immune T lymphocytes were shown to be responsible for the inhibitory effects of adoptively transferred spleen cells. Treatment of recipient mice with mild x-irradiation or with cyclophosphamide 2 or 3 days before cell transfer resulted in abrogation of the suppressor effect of immune cells. The injection of T lymphocytes into x-irradiated milce restored the suppressive effect of immune cells. It thus appears that immune T cells provide the stimulus for activation of suppressor T cells of the host. Although the generation of suppression is antigen-specific, the expression of suppression appears to be nonspecific.

Alum Compounds↗
PubMed1979

Preferential synthesis of IgE reaginic antibodies in rats immunized with alum-adsorbed antigens.

The reaginic antibody response to alum-precipitated ovalbumin (OA) and the dialyzed water-soluble extracts of ragweed (DWSR) and Alternaria tenuis (DWST) in several strains of rats appeared to be wholly an IgE response. There was no evidence of a heat-stable (IgGa) antibody to OA, DWSR and DWST in the sera of the rats immunized with these antigens suspended in alum. Wistar-Furth and Lew inbred and hooded outbred rats produced comparable amounts of reaginic antibody after immunization with DWST, but BN inbred rats failed to generate a reaginic response to this antigen. The amount of antigen-induced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells did not always correlate with the level of circulating IgE-specific antibody.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1979

The quantitative histochemistry of ribonucleic acid using gallocyanin.

A method for the cytophotometric estimation of ribonucleic acid in tissue sections using gallocyanin-chrome alum is described. The dye obeys Beer's law in gelatin sections. The effect of deoxyribonuclease on the staining of ribonucleic acid is also investigated. The results indicate that this method is of value in the quantitation of ribonucleic acid.

Alum Compounds↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Physico-chemical investigation of AlPO4 for the manufacture of antacids. I. Effect of precipitation and processing conditions on physico-chemical properties of AlPO4.

Aluminium phosphate was precipitated from AlCl3-H3PO4 and NaOH, NH3H2O and NaHCO3--Na2CO3 mixture up to different pH values. The precipitates were dried at room temperature, 40 degrees and 105 degrees and their neutralizing properties (rate of neutralization and acid-consuming capacity) against 0.l N HCl were investigated. It was found that these properties depend on the nature of the reagents used for the formation of AlPO4, the pH and also the temperature of drying. The best antacid properties shows the AlPO4 preperation obtained from AlCl3-H3PO4 and NaHCO3-Na2CO3. For comparison, the therapeutic preparate "Aluphos" was also investigated.

Alum Compounds↗