PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Alveolar Epithelial Cells”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Transthoracic aspiration biopsy. The occurrence and significance of alveolar epithelial cells.

Alveolar epithelial cells in pulmonary aspirates sometimes appear with a pronounced nuclear atypism which may give rise to diagnostic difficulties. An analysis has been performed of the occurrence and morphology of alveolar epithelial cells in a series of histologically-verified transthoracic aspiration biopsies not containing clear-cut malignant tumour cells. Alveolar epithelial cells, as well as atypism of these cells, are more often seen in biopsies from histologically malignant cases than in benigh cases. Their presence in a pulmonary aspirate may be due to a chronic obstruction atelectasis. In cases with tumour-like configuration of the alveolar epithelial cells, an open pulmonary biopsy is recommended, as it seems impossible to decide whether such findings represent a neoplastic or a reactive process.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The phospholipids of rabbit type II alveolar epithelial cells: comparison with lung lavage, lung tissue, alveolar macrophages, and a human alveolar tumor cell line.

The phospholipid composition of type II alveolar epithelial cells from the rabbit was compared with that of alveolar macrophages, lung lavage and lung tissue. In addition, the phospholipid composition of a human alveolar tumor cell line, which is morphologically similar to type II cells, was examined. Phosphatidylcholine accounted for 48% of the total phospholipid in the type II cells, 41% in the tumor cells, and 30% in the macrophages. Phosphatidylcholine was 51% disaturated in the type II cells, 54% in lung lavage, 39% in whole lung, 29% in lavaged lung and macrophages, and 16% in the tumor cells. Palmitic acid was the major fatty acid in phosphatidylcholine from all samples with the exception of the tumor cells in which almost half of the fatty acids were accounted for by oleic acid. The phospholipids of the type II cells were more similar to those of lung lavage, and thus surfactant, than to lung tissue and macrophages. This is consistent with their supposed role in surfactant production. The tumor cells, although morphologically similar to type II cells, were quite different with respect to phospholipid composition.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Electron microscopic studies of various cells in the alveolar wall of mice with special reference to spheroid alveolar epithelial cells after intravenous injection of squid-ink (sepia-melanin) solution.

The effect of an intravenous injection of squid-ink (sepia-melanin) solution on adult mouse spheroid alveolar epithelial cells was observed by the electron microscope. Sepia-melanin particles were seen in all alveolar wall cells examined that seems to suggest the entrance of sepia-melanin particles into the spheroid alveolar epithlial cells from the alveolar blood capillary. In cases of large penetrations of sepia-melanin particles into spheroid alveolar epithelial cells, a greater increase was found in the intramitochondrial granules. In addition, the so-called inclusion body believed to be formed by the degeneration of mitochondria had very high electron density and its quantity was abundant. On the contrary, in cases where the quantity of sepia-melanin entrance into the spheroid alveolar epithelial cell was small, neither an increase of intramitochondrial granules, an increase of the electron density nor an increase in the quantity of specific inclusion body was found.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

A continuous tumor-cell line from a human lung carcinoma with properties of type II alveolar epithelial cells.

The A549 tumor-cell line, initiated from a human alveolar cell carcinoma, has been continuously propagated in vitro for more than 3 years (more than 1,000 cell generations). These cells have a human karyotype and appear to have been derived from a single parent cell. All A549 cells examined by electron microscopy at both early and late passage levels contain multilamellar cytoplasmic inclusion bodies typical of those found in type II alveolar epithelial cells of the lung. At early and late passage levels, the cells synthesize lecithin with a high percentage of disaturated fatty acids utilizing the cytidine diphosphocholine pathway; such a pattern of phospholipid synthesis is expected for cells believed to be responsible for pulmonary surfactant synthesis. The A549 cell line should permit in vitro analysis of human surfactant synthesis and secretion and possibly provide a source of human surfactant for therapeutic intervention in pulmonary disease states characterized by surfactant deficiency.

Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar↗
PubMed1977

Electron microscope study on the relationship between macrophages of the alevolar space and spheroid alveolar epithelial cells on mice after injection of squid-ink (sepia-melanin) solution into the trachea.

The relationship between alveolar macrophages and spheroid alveolar epithelial cells was studied with the electron microscope after injection of squid-ink solution into the trachea of the mouse. At 20 hours after injection of squid-ink solution slight degeneration was evident in alveolar macrophages with sepia-melanin particles being phagocytized with partial digestion by lysosmes. Furthermore, hardly any changes were seen in mitochondria and inclusion bodies of the spheroid alveolar epithelial cells. In contrast, at one week after injection of squid-ink solution, almost all alveolar macrophages were degenerated with destruction of the ectoplasm in which the ingested sepia-melanin particles were digested by lysosomes into fine particles, and the mitochondria of spheroid alveolar epithelial cells were degenerated and the inclusion bodies were hardly formed. At three weeks after injection of squid-ink solution, alveolar macrophages as well as speroid alveolar epithelial cells showed almost complete recovery of functional structure. As the phagocyte in the alveolar space, neutrophile leucocytes were also observed in addition to the so-called alveolar macrophage.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Disaturated phosphatidylcholine in rat lungs with altered numbers of type II alveolar epithelial cells.

Rats exposed to 85 per cent oxygen for 9 days demonstrated an increase in lung deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) specific acitvity for [3H]-thymidine and a significant increase in the volume of interstitial and alveolar epithelial cells. This included a 63 per cent increase in the number of Type II alveolar epithelial cells. Lamellar body volume per lung significantly increased in animals exposed to oxygen and was related to the increased number of Type II cells, because lamellar body volume expressed per Type II cell remained relatively constant and was comparable to control values. The concentration of whole lung disaturated phosphatidylcholine also increased significantly, but the concentration of unsaturated phosphatidylcholine did not increase. Concomitantly, there was a significant decrease in [32P]-orthophosphate and [14C]-palmitate disaturated phosphatidylcholine specific activity that was proportional to the increased number of alveolar epithelial Type II cells present.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Prostaglandin production by type II alveolar epithelial cells.

Prostaglandin production was studied in fetal and adult type II alveolar epithelial cells. Two culture systems were employed, fetal rat lung organotypic cultures consisting of fetal type II cells and monolayer cultures of adult lung type II cells. Dexamethasone, thyroxine, prolactin and insulin, hormones which influence lung development, each reduced the production of prostaglandin E and F alpha by the organotypic cultures. The fetal cultures produced relatively large quantities of prostaglandin E and F alpha and smaller quantities of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha and thromboxane B2. However, prostaglandin E2 production was predominant. In contrast, the adult type II cells in monolayer culture produced predominantly prostacyclin (6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha) along with smaller quantities of prostaglandin E2 and F2 alpha. The type II cells were relatively unresponsive to prostaglandins. Exogenously added prostaglandin E, had no effect on cell growth, and only a minimal effect on cyclic AMP levels in the monolayer cultures.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Electron microscope studies on the relationship between mitochondria and inclusion body in spheroid alveolar epithelial cell after vital staining with acidic and basic dyes.

Electron microscope observations were conducted on the relationship between mitochondria and inclusion body in mice spheroid alveolar epithelial cells after injection of trypan blue, an acidic dye and Alcian blue 8GS, a basic dye, by vital staining procedures. When both dyes were injected, the mitochondria of the spheroid alveolar epithelial cell became degenerated; however, in injection of only trypan blue, the cristae showed an increase in electron density. In injection on only Alcian blue 8GS, the cristae showed negative contrast. In most cases the trypan blue particles did not enter into mitochondria, whereas particles of Alcian blue 8GS sometimes entered into the mitochondria. When trypan blue particles entered mitochondria, deposits were not evident in the inclusion body, whereas when Alcian blue particles entered mitochondria deposits were seen in the inclusion body. In both of these cases only a few inclusion bodies were formed so that only traces or no inclusion bodies with vacuolar appearance were observed. From these findings it is suggested that mitochondria maybe convert to inclusion bodies.

Alcian Blue↗
PubMed1977

Origin of ciliated alveolar epithelial cells in bleomycin-induced lung injury.

Bleomycin is known to induce diffuse pulmonary fibrosis and epithelial metaplasia. The reaction of the alveolar epithelium following a single intravenous or multiple intraperitoneal injections of bleomycin to mice is now examined in a combined morphologic and cytodynamic study. Necrosis of Type 1 cells was observed, followed by proliferation of Type 2 cells, a common reparative process. The proliferated cells transformed to a variety of epithelial forms, including ciliated cells and cells with morphologic features intermediate between alveolar and bronchiolar epithelium. No evidence of cell injury or increased cell division was found in the bronchial epithelium. It is concluded that the metaplastic ciliated epithelial cells are produced by an abnormal reparative process in the alveolar epithelium. The results suggest that, whereas the "resting" Type 2 cell is not vulnerable to bleomycin, in the postmitotic phase the drug may modify the synthetic mechanisms of cellular differentiation and thereby induce metaplasia.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

A morphometric examination of type II alveolar epithelial cells in normal and isolated-perfused dog lungs.

The volume densities of type II alveolar cell cytoplasmic organelles and alveolar surface densities were estimated by established stereologic procedures. The morphometric measurements were obtained from normal dog lungs (in situ) and isolated dog lungs perfused for 30-minute, 1-hour, and 2-hour periods. The type II cell lamellar body volume densities and the alveolar surface densities progressively decreased as the times of perfusion were increased. The volume densities of the granular and agranular endoplasmic reticulum progressively increased during the periods of perfusion. These morphometric parameters from lungs in situ and isolated lungs suggest that changes occur in pulmonary surfactant synthesis and activity during perfusion. It is further postulated that progressive increases in the rates of surfactant removal and/or inactivation during perfusion may contribute to spontaneous edema in lungs isolated for periods exceeding two hours. The morphologic and physiologic integrity of isolated perfused lung preparations, widely used as models of lungs in vivo, in situ requires further evaluation.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Explant culture of human peripheral lung. I. Metabolism of benzo[alpha]pyrene.

Human lung explants have been maintained in vitro for a period of 25 days. Autoradiographic studies indicated that the broncholar epithelial cells, type 2 alveolar epithelial cells, and stromal fibroblasts incorporated 3H-thymidine during the culture. After 7 to 10 days, type 2 cells were the predominant alveolar epithelial cell type. Lamellar inclusion bodies were released from the type 2 cells and accumulated in the alveolar spaces. The metabolism of benzo[alpha]pyrene (BP) in human lung explants cultured for up to 7 days was investigated. Human lung explants had measurable aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity and could metabolize BP into forms that were bound to cellular DNA and protein. Peripheral lung had significantly lower aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity than cultured bronchus but both tissues had similar binding levels of BP to DNA. Radioautographic studies indicated that all cell types in the peripheral lung can metabolize BP. The major ethylacetate extractable metabolites of BP formed by peripheral lung were tetrols and trans-7,8-diol. The primary water-soluble metabolite released with arylsulfatase and beta-glucuronidase was 3-hydroxybenzo[alpha]pyrene.

Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases↗
PubMed1978

Transthoracic aspiration biopsy. Occurrence of non-neoplastic cells in biopsies from malignant and non-malignant lesions.

In the search for a possible distinction between false and true negative biopsies, an analysis of the distribution of the non-neoplastic cells has been performed in 100 randomized transthoracic aspiration biopsies in so many histologically verified cases. Aspiration biopsies from malignant lesions often contain many giant cells, alveolar epithelial cells, and mast cells, but a significant differences was only found for the mast cells. A negative biopsy containing many inflammatory cells and mast cells and showing a pronounced degree of necrosis may represent a chronic obstructive pneumonitis, and such a finding should always prompt further investigation.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1975

Histogenesis and growing patterns of lung tumors induced by potassium 1-methyl-1,4-dihydro-7-(2-(5-nitrofuryl)vinyl)-4-oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylate in ICR mice.

The oral administration of 0.01% potassium 1-methyl-1,4-dihydro-7-(2-(5-nitrofuryl)vinyl)-4-oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylate (NFN) in ICR/JCL mice resulted in the development of tumors in the lung, forestomach, thymus, and other areas. Special attention was directed to the incidence and growing processes of the pulmonary tumors, which usually exhibited multicentric occurrence. Adenomatous hyperplasia and adenoma were observed in 22.2% of group A (15 approximately 30 weeks), 81.3% of group B (30 approximately 38 weeks), and 91.2% of group C (38 approximately 54 weeks). One case of carcinoma in group B and 5 cases in group C were also found. Most of adenomatous hyperplasia and adenomas developed around 30 weeks after the beginning of administration, whereas the carcinomas developed after 36 weeks. The incidence of tumors was much earlier in females than in males. Further, the tumors were observed to have originated from type B alveolar epithelial cells. The growth of type B alveolar epithelial cells was first noted as an adenomatous hyperplasia along the original alveolar walls, disintegrating and virtually replacing type A alveolar epithelial cells. Accordingly adenoma noduli was formed by these proliferated type B alveolar epithelial cells. Atypical, basophilic cell clusters were found to be present within the adenomas. It was suggested that carcinomas might have originated from these atypical type B alveolar epithelial cells.

Adenoma↗