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In the absence of symptoms indicative of pathological processes in the region of clinically edentulous alveolar processes, primary radiographic examination is sometimes omitted. For this reason, the authors report the results from the evaluation of the radiographs of 2177 patients with clinically edentulous alveolar processes. 320 (14.7%) positive findings were obtained from 278 patients. The great number of positive findings justifies the demand for careful radiographic examination also in case of clinically edentulous alveolar processes prior to the planning of any stomatological treatment.
Specific features of the disposition of root apexes of premolars and molars in the alveolar process of the upper jaw were studied in 148 skulls and 67 tooth-jaw cuts. The least thickness of the alveolar process was found to be at the level of the first premolar (10,41 +/- 0,33 mm), and the greatest--at the level of the first molar (14,075 +/- +/- 0,456 mm). Strong correlation of the alveolar process was established between the levels of the premolars and the last two molars. The distance from the apexes of cheek roots of the first molar to the bottom of the maxillary sinus is 2,05--2,92 mm, and the palatal roots -- 2,02 mm. On roentgenograms the molar roots are often projected on the sinus bottom.
Different materials have been used for reconstruction of the alveolar process. None of these, however, is perfect in every respect. Allogenic demineralized dentin has been shown to induce bone formation and to maintain the bone contour. In the present case this material was used to reconstruct a traumatic defect of the alveolar process in the region of the upper left incisors. The result was satisfactory, both esthetically and functionally. Additional cases and a longer period of observation will be necessary to assess the relevance of this finding.
The purpose of this study is to observe and compare growth and development in the dental arch, the alveolar process, and the palate in reference to dental age, which is based on tooth emergence, and chronological age. Subjects consisted of serial dental casts taken at two-month intervals from 40 children (20 males and 20 females) with normal occlusion in permanent dentition. In terms of dental age, observations were made for a total of two years, one year before and one year after the tooth emergence of first premolar and second premolar. In terms of chronological age, observations were made for a total of two years, one year before and one year after the average age of tooth emergence of first premolars and second premolars in this sample of children. Results and Conclusions. Comparisons between growth changes in the dental arch, the alveolar process, and the palate on dental and chronological age showed some regions in which growth patterns were similar and others in which growth patterns were different. The differences between both growth patterns from two ages were classified into two groups according to the tooth which caused the difference: those produced by the tooth used as a standard for dental age and those produced by teeth other than that used as a dental-age standard. 1) Differences resulting from the influence of the tooth used as a dental-age standard In regions of the tooth used as a dental-age standard, differences occurred in growth patterns on both kinds of age in practically all measured items. In regions adjacent to that of the tooth used as a dental-age standard, the differences were observed in growth patterns of the alveolar process and the palate but not in those of the dental arch. The differences were the most pronounced in the regions of dental-age-standard teeth than in the adjacent regions. The majority of the differences caused by teeth used as standards for dental age were thought to have been the results from the influence of eruption. No growth-pattern differences were observable in regions more than two teeth away from the tooth used as a dental-age standard. 2) Differences resulting from the influences of teeth other than that used as a dental-age standard Using the emergence time of a certain tooth as a dental-age standard, the emergence times of other teeth lead to be come together in some degree.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The predilection of lepromatous leprosy for body sites substantially below core temperature is well known, and within the oral cavity the premaxillary alveolar process and upper central incisor teeth are especially affected. In this study, intra-oral temperatures were recorded by means of a series of thermistor probes applied to the teeth and labial surfaces of the gums of normal subjects. The temperature distribution established showed a close correlation with the known pattern of involvement of teeth and supporting structures derived from clinical, pathological and archeological data. Relatively low temperature of the premaxillary alveolar process was demonstrated, a factor which may be of prime importance for the localization of disease in this region, as it is for other tissues in the lepromatous patient.
Atrophy of the alveolar process can be avoided by intentionally preserving dental roots in patients with ideal parodontal and pulpar health conditions. This article illustrates results with a representative case history.
The effect was assessed of plastic operations on the gingiva and alveolar process by a method similar to the Cieszyński-Widman-Neumann technique on the condition of the parodontium in 133 patients aged from 13 to 58 years. For evaluation of the condition of parodontium Kötzschke's index and Engelberger's et al. radiological index were used and the oral vestibule was measured. Control examinations were done 2-15 years after the treatment. After surgical treatment reduction of the pathological gingival pouches was observed in 88.7% of the patients, while gingivitis was alleviated in 85.1% of cases. Kötzschke's periodontopathy index was improved in 86.5% of cases, and dental mobility decreased in 64.6% of cases. The radiological index demonstrated regeneration of bone in 60.1% of the surgically treated cases in the range from 1.0 to 3.5%, and in 4.5% of cases bone atrophy was stopped. However, denudation of dental roots increased in 66.1% of cases. After surgical treatment narrowing of the width of the alveolar gingiva was by 0.4 mm in 77.5%, the depth of the vestibule was reduced by 0.3 mm in 57.5% of cases, and the "pull syndrome" manifested itself in only 9.8% of cases.
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In this article the results are presented of the reconstruction of the alveolar process with iliac crest bone grafts in 14 patients. In all cases in a second operation a vestibuloplasty and a floor-of-mouth plasty was done. After an average follow-up period of 39 months, almost complete resorption of the bone grafts was observed. The clinical results varied. To obtain better results and avoid complications like pain at the donor and graft sites, mental nerve disturbances and other major problems associated with bone grafting, we prefer to perform the visor osteotomy in the future.
The thermal behavior of inorganic and organic components of the osseous tissue of the mandible alveolar process from experimental animals was first examined in health, elementary periodontitis and during its magnetic laser therapy. The derivatograms of the diseased osseous tissue were characterized by shifted maximum of the thermal effects observed towards the high temperature region and new peaks at 390 and 500 degrees C, which showed that highly boiling polypeptide fractions resistant to oxidation were prevalent in the organic matrix of osseous tissue. The abnormal process in the osseous tissue was largely explained by the conformational rearrangement of protein molecules, which in turn causing changes in their functional properties associated with formation of insoluble inorganic phosphate of routine composition and structure. As a result of magnetic laser therapy, thermic transformations in the examined samples followed the scheme that was close to thermal analysis of intact osseous tissue.
The authors have developed a new working classification of residual defects of the maxillary alveolar process, anterior segment of the hard palate and oronasal anastomosis, based on the results of cheilo- and uranoplasty in 125 patients. The choice of present-day methods of surgery is based on the suggested working classification scheme. The known methods of surgical management of the residual defects are described and new methods developed by the authors suggested, permitting an effective shortening of the terms of surgical rehabilitation and yielding stable functional and aesthetic results.
An unusual case of overgrowth of the alveolar processes of the maxilla and mandible of a 20-month-old child has been presented. Photographs and roentgenograms and the microscopic report on the tissue taken from one of the processes at the postmortem examination are submitted.
Statistics from 1500 orthodontic cases confirm the frequency of total clinical forms of inclination abnormalities of the alveolar processes. The results obtained emphasize the importance of teleradiography of the head in a vertical position, the X-rays being directed perpendicularly in the direction of the plane of bite of the molars, completing in a transverse direction the morphological examinations begun by teleradiographies of the side of the face.
The healing of an extraction wound is taken as starting-point, and complications and their avoidance are discussed insofar as they affect the shape of the alveolar process. Surgical methods of treating cysts and other tumours are reviewed, and it is shown how these may be carried out with little damage to the form of the denture-base. Every dentist should bear in mind subsequent prosthetic care whenever undertaking surgery of the oral cavity.
The stability and the mobility of full lower dentures (as determined in 185 edentulous subjects by mea-s of the tests according to Herbst) were brought in relation to the form of the endentulous alveolar process. There was a statistically significant relationship which may be used for prognostic purposes.
When facial growth occurs in a manner outside general rules, progressive adaptation of the dental system to slow modification in the anatomical relations of the upper and lower jaws occurs by means of progressive compensatory inclination of the alveolar processes. This results, according to the direction of movement, in an increase or decrease in the space available for the teeth. In the two cases presented as examples, teleradiography of the head in lateral and vertical views demonstrated changes in the length and width of the dental arcades.
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