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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Prevalence of urinary incontinence in Andorra: impact on women's health.

BACKGROUND: Urinary incontinence (UI) is a frequent public health problem with negative social consequences, particularly for women. Female susceptibility is the result of anatomical, social, economic and cultural factors. The main objectives of this study are to evaluate the prevalence of UI in the female population of Andorra over the age of 15 and, specifically, to determine the influence of socio-demographic factors. A secondary aim of the study is to measure the degree of concern associated with UI and whether the involved subjects have asked for medical assistance, or not. METHODS: Women aged 15 and over, answered a self-administered questionnaire while attending professional health units in Andorra during the period November 1998 to January 2000. A preliminary study was carried out to ensure that the questionnaire was both understandable and simple. RESULTS: 863 completed questionnaires were obtained during a one year period. The breakdown of the places where the questionnaires were obtained and filled out is as follows: 32.4% - medical specialists' offices; 31.5% - outpatient centres served exclusively by nurses; 24% - primary care doctors' offices; 12% from other sources. Of the women who answered the questionnaire, 37% manifested urine losses. Of those,45.3% presented regular urinary incontinence (RUI) and 55.7% presented sporadic urinary incontinence (SporadicUI). In those women aged between 45 and 64, UI was present in 56% of the subjects. UI was more frequent among parous than non-parous women. UI was perceived as a far more bothersome and disabling condition by working, middle-class women than in other socio-economic groups. Women in this particular group are more limited by UI, less likely to seek medical advice but more likely to follow a course of treatment. From a general point of view, however, less than 50% of women suffering from UI sought medical advice. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of UI in the female population of Andorra stands at about 37%, a statistic which should encourage both health professionals and women to a far greater awareness of this condition.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Gm and Km alleles in two Spanish Pyrenean populations (Andorra and Pallars Sobirà): a review of Gm variation in the Western Mediterranean basin.

Two Spanish eastern Pyrenean populations, Andorra and Pallars Sobirà, have been tested for G1m(1,2,3,17), G2m(23), G3m(5,6,10,11,13,14,15,16,21,24,28) and Km(1) immunoglobulin allotypes. Km allele and Gm haplotype frequencies in both samples fit well into the Western Mediterranean and, more strictly, Pyrenean ranges with some peculiarities: Andorra showed an elevated frequency (14.7%) of the typical Asian and European Gm21,28;1,2,17;. haplotype, while Pallars Sobirà was characterized by high values (3.7%) of Gm5*;1,17;., a typical sub-Saharan Gm haplotype. Gm diversity assessed through genetic distance and variance analyses revealed a significant geographic partition (4.3%) of Mediterraneans among south, north-east, and north-west groups. It is interesting to note the relatively low genetic variance (2.1%) found between south and north-western Mediterraneans that could reflect ancient population relationships. More locally, genetic boundaries and diversity analyses failed to indicate any geographic pattern and/or genetic differentiation related with the political border in the Pyrenees. The present pattern of variation in this area is probably the result of genetic isolation processes, in addition to some specific demographic phenomena, in the Pyrenean valleys.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Inbreeding, isonymy, and kin-structured migration in the principality of Andorra.

Andorra, one of the smallest countries in Europe, is geographically very isolated. Located in the Central Pyrenees, it is surrounded by high mountains. This paper investigates the endogamous levels and relationships between demographic or geographical variation and inbreeding coefficients calculated through isonymic methods. Our results suggest that political and geographical frontiers are not significant enough to pose effective genetic barriers. The overall inbreeding coefficient average (0.0031) is moderate with respect to other populations in the same region. Temporal and geographical variations of total inbreeding and their components are explained in relation to changes in population size and intensity, and to origin and destination of migrant collectives. Although the spatial distribution of the population of Andorra is the main contributing factor to inbreeding, the kin-structured composition of immigrant collectives is another fundamental factor that helps to explain the levels and variation of inbreeding.

Andorra↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Characteristics of tobacco smoking in schools in Andorra].

1600 schoolchildren aged 13 to 18 answered an anonimus, self administered questionnaire, in a cross sectional study to estimate the prevalence of cigarette smoking in the high grades schools in Andorra. 46.6% answered they did smoke cigarettes, either daily (11.2%) or occasionally (35.4%). Ten per cent of actual smokers did already smoke at age 10, and 50% at age 13. More girls (48.8%) than boys (44.4%) smoked (p less than 0.05) but boys smoked a greater number of cigarettes (p less than 0.001). Ninety five percent smoked Virginia tobacco, and little more than 50% used filter tipped cigarettes. Two thirds of smokers inhaled the smoke of cigarettes; this was more common among daily smokers. Again two thirds of smokers answered they would be prepared to quit smoking. 31% of those who had tried smoking said they believed they would smoke in the future, while only 5.6% of those that never smoked previously said so (p less than 0.001). Actual smokers answered they believed that they would not smoke in the future much less often than non smokers. Parents let boys smoke more than girls when the children started doing so, particularly before age thirteen and after age fifteen. These are the first available data about the community studied describing some features of its cigarette smoking habit. Their knowledge may well help to plan disease protection and health promotion developments addressed to youngsters in Andorra.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

A cross-sectional study on vaccine coverage and seroprevalence in schoolchildren in Andorra.

A cross-sectional study on vaccine coverage and vaccine effectiveness was carried out on a randomized sample of the cohort of schoolchildren born in 1983 attending school in Andorra, prior to the introduction of a Systematic Immunisation Plan that included centralised import and delivery of vaccines to vaccinating clinics, surveillance of the cold-chain during vaccine delivery, and a clearly-defined immunization schedule against diphtheria, tetanus, -pertussis, polio, mumps, rubella and measles. Vaccine coverage was estimated from vaccination card records; history of disease and sociodemographic variables were obtained through a questionnaire to the children's parents and vaccine effectiveness was estimated through serum antibody testing. Vaccine coverage levels for DTP and OPV were 97.8% for both. Protective serum antibody prevalence was correspondingly high except for the polio viruses. The authors suggest that decreased vaccine effectiveness, probably due to poor preservation of the cold chain, might be the cause of this finding. In countries or regions with an otherwise developed organisation of health services, an important issue like this can still be overlooked.

Andorra↗
PubMed2003

An outbreak of Norwalk-like viral gastroenteritis in holidaymakers travelling to Andorra, January-February 2002.

A retrospective cohort study was conducted to investigate an outbreak of Norwalk-like viral gastroenteritidis that occurred in Irish holidaymakers visiting Andorra, in January-February 2002. Preliminary results showed the risk exposure was higher for tourists who stayed in Soldeu and consumed ice cubes in their drinks (OR = 2.5, 95% CI [1.3-4.6)], after logistic regression and adjusting for sex and water consumption).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Andorra.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Andorra↗
PubMed2004

Medical speciality and pattern of medicines prescription.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the prescribing patterns and their quality in relation to the prescriber's medical specialty in a defined population. METHODS: The study was done on a random sample of all primary care medical prescriptions made through the social security system during 1 year in Andorra, a small European country. Number and type of prescribed medicines, prescribers' medical speciality and patients' age and gender were recorded. Medical specialties considered were General Practice, Paediatrics, Cardiology, Pneumology, Gynaecology, Ophthalmology and Other. A set of various quality indicators [World Health Organisation (WHO)/International Network for Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) indicators and others] was used. RESULTS: The number of medicines prescribed per encounter varied depending on the prescriber's medical specialty and patient's age. Cardiologists and pneumologists tended to prescribe more medicines than other medical specialties. Patients older than 65 years received more prescriptions than younger adults, mostly at the expense of cardiovascular drugs. The contribution of the various groups and subgroups of medicines and the scores of various prescribing indicators showed wide variability across the medical specialties. CONCLUSION: Prescribing patterns and indicators of prescription quality show wide variability depending on the prescriber's medical specialty. This has important implications for priority setting in information, continuous education and research.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The reasons for consultation and active problems. A key for the understanding of information in primary care].

The aim of this work is to assess the major differences found in the information content of the registers in primary care according to whether the registration includes the Reason (s) For Encounter (as ascertained by the professional) or the Active Health Problem (s). The information used is based on an observational study of a representative sample of the consultations to eight general practitioners from the Principate of Andorra. The study was performed during the period of May-June 1989. 547 consultations are analysed. A better specificity and information content is observed when both approaches are registered. Active Health Problems seem to be barely related to Reasons for Encounter and it seems that they could have as much, if no more. Influence in the process of care, than the RFEs it selves.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Hepatitis B: vaccination programmes in Europe--an update.

In the eight years since the Global Advisory Group of the Expanded Program on Immunisation set 1997 as the target for integrating hepatitis B (HB) vaccination into national immunisation programs world-wide, more than 116 countries have included HB vaccine as part of their routine infant or adolescent immunisation programs. Meanwhile, many countries have performed economic evaluation studies, while others have initiated sero-epidemiological studies to generate input data for burden of disease calculation. These studies have indicated that epidemiological and economic arguments cannot be used to delay the implementation of universal hepatitis B vaccination. Some countries have improved their surveillance system and included viral hepatitis in the surveillance programs. Other have put hepatitis B vaccination on the political agenda. By the year 2000, following countries of the WHO European Region (51 countries) have implemented a universal hepatitis B immunisation programme: Andorra, Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Poland, Portugal, parts of the Russian Federation, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, San Marino, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey and Uzbekistan. The Netherlands and some other European countries are seriously studying the issues or are making budgetary provisions for introduction of HB vaccine into their vaccination programme. Most of the European countries, which now use the vaccine routinely, have started with adolescent or infant immunisation. Belgium (1999), France (1994) and Italy (1991) have begun with both adolescent and infant HB immunisation. France continues since 1st October 1998 with the infant immunisation programme only. The rewards of effective implementation of the programmes in these countries are becoming apparent; and their success offers an exemplary model for other countries. The deadline was 1997. Globally, work still remains to be done to support and implement interventions that will bring us closer to the WHO goal and to control, eliminate and eradicate hepatitis B in the coming generations at large. If all the 145 million infants born in 1991 had been vaccinated in this way, the number of chronic carriers would have been reduced by 7.5 million, and 1.8 million deaths prevented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Critical care helicopter transport. Report of 224 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To report a 5-year experience of pediatric helicopter transport and describe its characteristics, the composition of the team, its indications and the advantages of air versus ground transport. METHODS: A total of 224 flights over a 5-year period were retrospectively analyzed. The team was composed of a pediatrician and a pediatric nurse from the Pediatric Department of Hospital Sant Pau and was available 365 days per year from sunrise to sunset. The helicopters belonged to the Royal Automobile Club of Catalonia and were coordinated by the Emergency Medical Service. The area covered was Catalonia and Andorra. The number of patients, age, sex, diagnosis, and response and stabilization times were recorded. RESULTS: There were 220 patients (139 males and 81 females). Six patients died in the primary hospital before transport. Seven flights were canceled because of adverse weather, engine breakdown, or family refusal. Three twin transportations were performed. A total of 214 patients were transported in 224 flights. The mean times (in minutes) were: from emergency call to takeoff: 15; flight time: 39; between landing to the emergency room: 10. The mean stabilization time was 42 min. CONCLUSIONS: Helicopter transportation of critically-ill children by specialist teams of pediatricians and nurses shortens response time in isolated areas with poor transport. The lower number of accelerations and vibrations of the helicopter provides greater stability during transport, especially in trauma patients. Both transport models, air and ground, should be complementary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

A fluoridation crisis.

It is not only in Europe that one finds small self-governing enclaves such as Andorra and Liechtenstein. Australia has its own specimen, in the form of the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), which is the small area surrounding Canberra, the seat of the Federal Government.

Australia↗