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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Recording of drug prescriptions in the county of Jämtland, Sweden. III. Drugs presented for blood donors in a 5 year period.

Drug prescriptions in the county of Jämtland, Sweden, have been examined in order to estimate drug exposure of blood donors. During the period 1970-74 a donor group (n = 292) purchased significantly more drugs than non-donors matched for age, sex and residential area in the county. This was true for most drug categories, except for cardiovascular and endocrine drugs and iron preparations. The actual consumption of the drugs obtained was not investigated. Prospective studies are required to assess the clinical consequences of the surprisingly high drug exposure of blood donors.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

[Efficacy, tolerance, and pharmacokinetics of sisomicin in urinary tract infections (author's transl)].

Since 1973 30 patients with urinary tract infections (UTI) or pyelonephritis have been treated with sisomicin, a new aminoglycoside, in a daily dose of 2 mg/kg for a period of seven to nine days. From a clinical point of view the result of treatment was good. Complete resolution was achieved in 17 patients, improvement in nine, and there was no effect in four patients. Thirty-five causative organisms (Escherichia coli = 23, Proteus sp. = 7, Klebsiella sp. = 3, Pseudomonas aeruginosa = 1, Citrobacter = 1) were isolated before treatment. Thirty of the organisms were eliminated during treatment, but seven reappeared during the follow-up period; five strains persisted. Side effects observed consisted of reversible increase of serum creatinine in four patients, excretion of granular casts in 14 patients, and a transient rise of alkaline phosphatase, SGOT and/or SGPT in five patients. No signs of ototoxicity or any other adverse reactions were found and local tolerance was good. In 20 patients blood samples for assay were obtained daily one hour after i. m. injection of 1.0 mg/kg. No evidence of drug accumulation in the serum was found: the mean serum concentrations one hour after injection remained between 3.4 and 3,9 microgram/ml during the entire treatment period. Sisomicin is a highly effective antibiotic for the treatment of UTI caused by gramnegative pathogens. On account of its potential toxicity however, it should be used, like other aminoglycosides, only in selected cases.

Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary↗
PubMed1975

Relevance of "significant bacteriuria" to aetiology and diagnosis of urinary-tract infection.

28 of 74 female domiciliary patients who presented with urinary-tract symptoms did not fulfil the usually accepted laboratory criterion required for confirmation of urinary-tract infection (i.e., a urinary bacterial viable count in excess of 100 000/ml). The progress of the disease was similar in non-bacteriuric and bacteriuric patients. In addition, a significant proportion of the bacteriuric group did not show the response to therapy expected from the results of in-vitro tests of antibiotic sensitivity and urinary antibacterial activity. To explain these findings, it is postulated that bacteria may not be primary pathogens in uncomplicated urinary-tract infection even where "significant bacteriuria" is demonstrated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Urinary infection after micturating cystography.

Out of 87 patients who underwent micturating cystourethrography (M.C.U.) 14 had infection at the time of the procedure, and infection later developed in 18 patients. The occurrence of post-M.C.U. infection was significantly influenced by whether the patient was on antibacterial treatment at the time of the procedure, but not by the sex of the patient, difficulty of catheterisation, or radiological abnormality. Hence, antibacterial prophylaxis should be given, and subsequent urine culture is mandatory.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Clinical evaluation of cefazedon on patients with urinary tract infections (author's transl)].

The efficacy and tolerance of Cefazedon, a new antibiotic, was investigated clinically on 90 patients with urinary tract infections who also required surgical treatment. Good clinical results were achieved in over 90% of patients after 6 to 7 days of treatment. The bacteriological examination revealed complete elimination of the initially identified pathogens in 89 cases. No difference in treatment results could be established when applying the dose 2 or 3 times daily. On the third day of treatment skin reactions were observed in one case which necessitated discontinuation of treatment. Laboratory blood values as well as control of liver and kidney function before treatment, after and one week past treatment showed no negative influence due to the drug. In approximately 27% a new colonisation mainly with Pseudomonas could not be prevented.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Methenamine and its salts as urinary tract antiseptics: variables affecting the antibacterial activity of formaldehyde, mandelic acid, and hippuric acid in vitro.

The activities of formaldehyde and of mandelic and hippuric acids, alone and in combination, have been tested against some 300 strains of bacteria typical of those causing urinary tract infections. In a chemically defined medium, which resembles urine in many respects, formaldehyde had a mean minimal inhibitory concentration of 13 mug per ml. Activity was several fold lower in media (nutrient agar and tryptic soy agar) that contained significant amounts of protein. The activity of formaldehyde is virtually unaffected by pH in the range of 5 to 8. Mandelic and hippuric acids (2 mg per ml) have limited antimicrobial activity at acid pH values only. The combination of formaldehyde with mandelic acid (2 mg per ml) was additive, most markedly at pH 5; the formaldehyde-hippuric acid combination, however, did not appear to be additive. Our findings suggest that, at pH values between 5 and 6, an antibacterial concentration of formaldehyde will be generated from methenamine within approximately 1 hr after being excreted into the urine.

Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary↗
PubMed1975

Suprapubic and retropubic prostatectomy for prostatic hyperlasia.

The historical aspects, preoperative evaluation including preoperative note and postoperative flow sheet examples, and the surgical techniques of suprapubic and retropbuic prostatectomies are described in detail. These procedures allow relief from symptomatic prostatic hyperplasia with minimal morbidity and mortality.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1975

Prostatitis: Man's hidden infection.

Prostatitis exists when inflammation of prostatic glands and tissues results from infection or allergy. Gram-positive and negative bacteria cause most prostatic infections, but infections may also be caused by fungi, mycoplasma, viruses, and other nonbacterial infecting agents. Precise diagnostic localization of infection to prostatic glands is accomplished by obtaining divided urinary specimens and prostatic fluid and observing numbers of bacteria (or other infecting agents) present in each specimen. Treatment of prostatitis remains difficult because of several factors: patients may lack the normal prostatic antibacterial factors and only a few commonly used antibiotics pass the plasma-prostate barrier and enter prostatic fluid. For proper therapy, one must select antibiotics known to penetrate into prostate tissue and fluid and to which the infecting organism is demonstrated to be sensitive. Even so, optimal cure rates following antibiotic therapy seem no better than 33 per cent. Nonspecific methods of treatment such as surgical excision of prostatic tissue, prostatic massage, sitz baths, relaxants, and supportive psychologic therapy contribute to the rehabilitation of patients with prostatitis. Relapse or recurrence of prostatitis is frequent. Longterm (in excess of six months) follow-up is required to ascertain cure.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The absorption, excretion, and biotransformation of 3,4,4'-trichlorocarbanilide in humans.

The metabolism and disposition of 14C-TCC (3,4,4'-trichlorocarbanilide) have been evaluated in humans following oral exposure to 2.2 mumol/kg body wt. Fecal elimination (70% of dose) was complete 120 hr after dosing and the urinary excretion (27% of dose) was completed in 80 hr. The maximum plasma level occurred 2.8 hr after dosing and was 3.7 nmol-equivalents of TCC per g of plasma (approximately 1.2 ppm). Biotransformation of TCC was rapid but did not appear to involve splitting of the basic TCC structure. The major plasma metabolites were N- and N'-glucuronides of TCC which were eliminated with t1/2 approximately 2 hr to the urine and 2'-hydroxy-TCC sulfate and 6-hydroxy-TCC sulfate (the o-hydroxy-TCC sulfates) which were removed with t1/2 approximately 20 hr (presumably into the bile). It is concluded that a nonradioactive analytical method based on the urinary excretion of the N-glucuronides would be suitable for the determination of TCC absorption in humans.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Biotransformation products of 3,4,4'-trichlorocarbanilide in rat, monkey, and man.

3,4,4'-Trichlorocarbanilide (TCC), uniformly labeled with 14C in the monochloro ring, was administered to rats, rhesus monkeys, and humans. Radioactive materials in the plasma and urine of all three species and in the bile of rats and monkeys were separated by high performance liquid chromatography. The chromatography showed great similarity between the monkey and the human. Principal metabolites common to all species were the sulfate and glucuronide conjugates of 2'-, 3'-, and 6-hydroxy-TCC. The rat also produced the glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of 2',6-dihydroxy-TCC. The major urinary excretion products found in humans and monkeys were the N- and N'-TCC glucuronides.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Cranberry juice potentiates sensitivity of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains to fosfomycin and decreases occurrence of spontaneous resistance.

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the leading cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs). The growing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance underscores the need for alternative or complementary strategies to enhance antibiotic activity. Fosfomycin (FOS) remains a recommended first-line treatment for uncomplicated UTIs due to its broad activity and low resistance rates; however, spontaneous resistance frequently arises through mutations in bacterial transport systems. Cranberry juice is known for its anti-adhesive and anti-infective properties; however, its potential to modulate antibiotic activity remains poorly understood. Here, we show that cranberry juice markedly potentiates the antibacterial activity of FOS and limits the emergence of resistance in UPEC clinical isolates. In 72% of the 32 tested isolates, cranberry juice significantly increased FOS inhibition activities and reduced spontaneous FOS-resistant mutant frequencies by up to five orders of magnitude. Whole-genome sequencing revealed distinct mutational patterns: FOS-resistant mutants selected without cranberry juice primarily carried glpT mutations, whereas those obtained with juice harbored mutations in uhpT or associated regulatory genes. Reporter assays indicated that cranberry juice represses glpT expression while maintaining UhpT-mediated FOS uptake, thereby sustaining antibiotic entry and activity. These results demonstrate that cranberry juice alters bacterial carbohydrate transport regulation to potentiate FOS activity and suppress resistance emergence. This study provides novel evidence that a natural product can enhance FOS activity, highlighting its potential as an antibiotic adjuvant for UTI management.IMPORTANCEAntimicrobial resistance is a growing threat to public health, and new strategies are needed to preserve the activity of existing antibiotics. This study reveals that cranberry juice, a widely consumed natural product, enhances the antibacterial activity of fosfomycin against uropathogenic Escherichia coli by modulating bacterial sugar transport systems. By shifting fosfomycin uptake from GlpT- to UhpT-mediated pathways, cranberry juice both potentiates antibiotic activity and suppresses the emergence of resistant mutants. These findings provide new insight into how dietary components can influence antibiotic response, offering a promising basis for developing natural adjuvants that extend the lifespan of current antimicrobial agents.

Fosfomycin↗