[Current data on antibiotic sensitivity of microflora causing otorhinolaryngologic diseases. 1. Antibiotic sensitivity of Staphylococci and Streptococci].
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Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
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[Modern data on the antibiotic sensitivity of the microflora that is an etiological factor in ENT diseases. II. The antibiotic sensitivity of pneumococci, meningococci, influenza bacilli, Klebsiella, enterobacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus].
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Aminoglycosides↗
[Development of an accelerated method of determining the antibiotic sensitivity of Cl. perfringens type A].
An express method for determination of antibiotic sensitivity in the strains of Cl. perfringens of type A using Soviet dry nutrient media and antibiotics is proposed. The criteria for estimation of the level of the antibiotic sensitivity of the causative agent of gas gangrene in short periods on the basis of comparison of the data of the antibiotic agar diffusion procedure and the antibiotic MIC were worked out. Twelve antibiotics and 45 collection strains of Cl. perfringens of type A were used in the experiment. The antibiotic agar diffusion method with the use of the nutrient media, microbial load and cultivation conditions developed by the authors is recommended for tentative determination of the antibiotic sensitivity in Cl. perfringens of type A for 4 hours. The use of the agar diffusion method and determination of the antibiotic MIC provided complete estimation of tha antibiotic sensitivity of Cl. perfringens of type A within not more than 24 hours.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Antibiotic sensitivity of anaerobic bacteria.
Antibiotic sensitivity tests on most anaerobic organisms isolated from a given patient are seldom of use to that individual. This is because both isolation and sensitivity testing of this group of bacteria take so long. It is thus vital that the microbiologist should be able to supply to the clinician the cumulated results of past experience, ideally his own, but if not, then the experience of others, taking into account geographical variations whenever possible. Because of the possibility of geographical variation, it is important that every institution should carry out sensitivity testing on easily isolated and rapidly growing bacteria. Bacteroides fragilis is probably the most common of these, and because it is among the more resistant anaerobes and is present in the majority of anaerobic infections, it is often used as an "indicator" both of the diagnosis and of the likely response to a given drug regimen.
Aminoglycosides↗
[Antibiotic sensitivity of the microflora isolated in ENT diseases].
Sensitivity of beta-hemolytic streptococci of group A, Streptococcus viridans, Staphylococcus aureus, epidermal staphylococci, pneumococci, Proteus and Ps. aeruginosa isolated in 1975-1978 from patients with tonsillitis, otitis, sinusitis and other otorhinolaryngological diseases was studied with respect to 19 antibiotics. Data on comparison of the antibiotic sensitivity of the microflora isolated from the patients with otorhinolaryngological diseases in 1964-1974 and 1975-1978 are presented. It was shown that beta-hemolytic streptococci were highly sensitive to all the antibiotics tested except tetracycline. Among Streptococcus viridans the strains resistant to many antibiotics were more frequent than among beta-hemolytic streptococci. Most of the Staphylococcus aureus strains were sensitive to gentamycin, cephaloridin, oxacillin and resistant to the other antibiotics. The epidermal staphylococci were characterized by approximately the same antibiotic sensitivity as Staphylococcus aureus. Resistance of the predominating majority of the Pneumococcus strains to tetracycline was noted. Proteus and Ps. aeruginosa were resistant to all the antibiotics except aminoglycosides. The microflora isolated from the cases with otorhinolaryngological diseases in 1975-1978 were mainly characterized by lower antibiotic sensitivity than that isolated from the cases with the same diseases in 1964-1974. It is possible to suppose that the microorganisms isolated from the patients with otorhinolaringological diseases had no significant differences with respect to their antibiotic sensitivity from those isolated from the patients with other pathological processes.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
[Antibiotic sensitivity of the Salmonella isolated from children in Krasnodar].
The results of the comparative study of antibiotic sensitivity of 138 Salmonella strains isolated from children patients in Krasnodar are presented. The isolates belonged to 9 serological types and were classified into 4 serogroups. Salmonella fo group B prevailed. The highest sensitivity was found with respect to neomycin. Strains sensitive to levomycetin and streptomycin were rare. Single strains were sensitive to all antibiotics tested. A tendency to polyresistance in ever increasing numbers of the strains was noted, which should be taken into consideration in treatment of salmonellesis in children with antibacterial drugs.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
[Study of the antibiotic sensitivity of the Shigellae, pathogenic Escherichia, Proteus and Staphylococcus isolated from young children in Tbilisi with acute intestinal diseases].
Sensitivity of Shigella, pathogenic Escherichia, Proteus and Staphylococcus isolated from children with acute intestinal diseases was studied with respect to antibiotics widely used in medical practice: streptomycin, levomycetin, tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline and neomycin. The antibiotic sensitivity was determined with the method of indicator discs. It was found that sensitivity of shigella was: 44 percent to streptomycin, 69.5 per cent to levomycetin, 18.5 per cent to tetracycline, 18.5 per cent to chlortetracycline, 23 per cent to oxytetracycline and 94 per cent to neomycin. Sensitivity of pathogenic Eschericia was 28, 33, 14, 14, 25 and 74 per cent, sensitivity of staphylococci was 46, 56.5, 21, 21, 31.5 and 89.5 per cent, sensitivity of Proteus was 15, 31.5, 3.5, 3.5, 7.5 and 52.5 per cent respectively. Cross resistance with respect to tetracyclines was found in all the microbes studie. Intragenera differences in the antibiotic sensitivity were observed among Shigella and pathogenic Escherichia.
Acute Disease↗
[Antibiotic sensitivity of the H- and O-forms of bacteria in the genus Proteus].
Proteus strains isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of children not older than 1 year were characterized by resistance to oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, benzylpenicillin and erythromycin. The strains were more sensitive to neomycin, monomycin and streptomycin. Antibiotic sensitivity of Pr. mirabilis and Pr. vulgaris strains increased on transfer from H- to O-form. Inverse dependence of the urease activity of the strains on their sensitivity to tetracyclines was noted.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
[Grouping with bacitracin sensitivity and immunofluorescent antibody tests, and antibiotic sensitivities of beta-hemolytic-streptococci in clinical specimens (author's transl)].
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Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Aeruginocine typing and antibiotic sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa of poultry origin.
Aeruginocine typing and an antibiotic sensitivity test were conducted on 277 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from dead-in-shell embryos and on water from waterers of a chick hatchery. Thirty different aeruginocine patterns were obtained using 8 Wahba indicator strains. Of the 277 strains, 129 were typable and 148 were not. The aeruginocine typing patterns of the strains isolated from dead-in-shell embryos and water were similar, suggesting that contaminated water may be the source of infection. Antibiogram revealed that all the strains were resistant to methicillin and tetracycline, and had varying degrees of resistance to other antibiotics tested.
Animals↗
[Antibiotic sensitivity of Proteus, Pseudomonas pyocyanea and staphyloccoci isolated from scleroma and ozena patients].
Antibiotic sensitivity of 292 strains of Proteus, 60 strains of Ps, aeruginosa, 309 strains of S. aureus and 88 strains of S. epidermidis isolated from the upper respiratory tract of patients with scleroma and ozena was studied. The cultures of Pr. mirabilis were sensitive to aminoglucosides (54.9-96.2 per cent) and Pr. morganii were sensitive to levomycetin (81.5 per cent) and neomycin (92.6 per cnet). Sensitivity of Pr. vulgaris and Pr. morganii was reliably higher (p less than 0.001) than that of Pr. mirabilis. The strains of Pr. morganii were less sensitive to monomycin (P less than 0.001) and streptomycin (p less than 0.01) as compared to the cultures of other Proteus species tested. The strains of Ps. aeruginosa were sensitive only to gentamicin (90 per cent) and neomycin (81.1 per cent). Most of the strains of S. aureus (85.4-100 per cent) were sensitive to oleadomycin, erythromycin, olemorphocycline, tetraolean, oxacillin, methicillin ceporin, lincomycin, ristomycin, kanamycin, monomycin and gentamicin. Benzylpenicillin (90.8 per cent of the sensitive strains), ampicillin (67.1 per cent), tetracycline (66.7 per cent), levomycetin (68.6 per cent) and streptomycin (38.1 per cent) were less effective. Antibacterial therapy in cases with scleroma and ozena should be directed not only against causative agents of the diseases but also against the microbes developing due to disbacteriosis. Combination of parenteral and local use of the antibiotics in the treatment of chronic clebsiellesis decreased the isolation rate of Proteus and Ps. aeruginosa in the patients.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
[Observations on antibiotic sensitivity of "Pseudomonas aeruginosa" strains isolated in pediatric wards (author's transl)].
It has been studied the antibiotic sensitivity of 27 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains belonging to only two types, isolated hospitalized children and responsible of different clinical pictures. The strains were in vitro resistant to Carbenicillin, Sisomicine, Gentamycine and many other antibiotic tested, partially resistant to Tobramycin and sensitive to Amikacine, Polimixine B and Colistatin.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
[Comparative study of the antibiotic sensitivity of Proteus hauseri bacteria belonging to different serological groups].
Sensitivity to 9 antibiotics of 1040 strains of Proteus belonging to the serological groups 03, 05, 06, 07, 010, 011, 013, 023, 024, 026, 027, 028 and 030 was studied. It was found that the above strains were sensitive and highly sensitive to the aminoglycosides and streptomycin, slightly sensitive to levomycetin and resistant to tetracyclines, erythromycin and penicillin. All the strains were polyresistant and 99.6 per cent of them were resistant to 4--9 antibiotics. Ten types of resistance were found. Proteus strains with the resistance type PETOtCht were most common. No relation between the occurrence of the strains of various serological groups and the character and level of their resistance to the antibiotics was found.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Antibiotic sensitivity testing by flow microcalorimetry.
The proposed flow microcalorimetric method for the diagnosis of bacteriuria has been extended to include antibiotic sensitivity testing. Sensitive organisms rapidly (4-8 min) show thermal responses to the added antibiotics over the normal range of concentrations (1 x, 2x, MIC value).
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
[Fate of orally administered antibiotic sensitive "Escherichia coli" in the intestine of the newborn (author's transl)].
In an intensive care unit, 14 newborns, without antibiotic intake, received orally 1 ml of culture broth from an antibiotic-sensitive strain of Escherichia coli marked with resistance to sodium azide. The purpose was to study the fate of the E. coli administered and to determine whether an interaction was obtained between that strain and antibiotic-resistant enterobacteria in the gut flora. In 3 infants the strain administered developed and was the only enterobacterium excreted during the first week; in 4 others the strain was recovered during one week or more, in quantities greater than 10(6)/g of stools. In 6 others, the strain appeared for less than one week, and/or in quantity less than 10(6)/g of stools. In 1 child the strain could not be recovered at all. These data show what is obtained in "holoxenic" newborns in spite of challenge with many other bacteria. They have been obtained with an ubiquitus E. coli and can be used as a control for further studies.
Age Factors↗
[Direct urinary antibiotic sensitivity studies. A rapid method of therapeutic orientation in a urology department (author's transl)].
Two hundred and thirty antibiotic sensitivity studies performed directly on urine in a urology department were compared with the results of cytological and bacteriological examinations of the same urine in the laboratory. The direct sensitivity study proved valid in 65% of cases. This method, which shortens the time in which results are obtained, is thus useful in a urology department.
Adolescent↗
Cell envelope alterations in antibiotic-sensitive and-resistant strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
The cell envelopes of antibiotic-resistant and -sensitive isogenic strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were analyzed to determine whether acquisition of genetic loci for altered antibiotic sensitivity was accompanied by alterations in cell envelope composition. No differences in the composition of phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides were noted. Acquisition of mtr-2, which results in low-level, nonspecific increased resistance to multiple antibiotics, dyes, and detergents, was accompanied by a sevenfold increase in the amount of a minor, 52,000-molecular-weight outer membrane protein and a 32% increase in the extent of peptidoglycan cross-linking. Subsequent addition of the nonspecific hypersensitivity loci env-1 or env-2 to a strain carrying mtr-2 resulted in reversal of the phenotypic resistance determined by mtr-2 and marked reduction in both the amount of the 52,000-molecular-weight outer membrane protein and the extent of peptidoglycan cross-linking. Introduction of penB2, which results in a fourfold increase in resistance to penicillin and tetracycline, was accompanied by the disappearance of the principal outer membrane protein of the wild-type strain (molecular weight, 36,900) and the appearance of a new species of the principal outer membrane protein (molecular weight, 39,400) in the transformant.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
[Study of antibiotic sensitivity in 34 strains of large colony mycoplasma (author's transl)].
The application of Steer's technic to large colony mycoplasma for the study of antibiotic sensitivities, permitted us to compare the activity of various molecules inhibiting protein synthesis. Among large colony mycoplasmas, only mycoplasma pneumoniae is sensitive to erythromycin but we have already isolated a strain resistant at 400 microgram/ml. This should be remembered during treatment of mycoplasma pneumoniae infections. This species always remains sensitive to tetracycline. Among the latter, doxycyclin and minocyclin are preferred, firstly for their greater efficacy in vitro and secondly their better pharmacodynamic criteria. Gentamicin, tobramycin and chloramphenicol are also active in vitro. No trial in vivo has been carried out.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗