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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Quantitation of antibody binding to cell surface antigens by x-ray fluorescence spectrometry.

An X-ray spectrometric method has been developed to quantitate antibody bindng to whole cell surfaces in order to obtain a distribution of binding within a population of cells. The method involves incubation of target cells with ferritin-labeled antibody. Analysis of prepared samples in a modified transmission electron microscope with an X-ray detector and data analysis equipment, yields quantitative results on the binding of labeled antibody to individual cells. The binding of anti-2,4-dinitrophenol serum to Chinese hamster ovary cells with attached 2,4-dinitrophenol haptens was measured by X-ray spectrometry. Measurements of attached hapten by a radioisotopic marker correlated with the X-ray spectrometric determination of bound antibody. The use of synchronized cells in metaphase and G1 phases of the cell cycle permitted investigations into the binding per unit surface area. The distribution of antibody binding among a given population of cells was related to the surface area of the cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Location of the antigenic determinants of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease.

Four antigenic regions of native bovine pancreatic ribonuclease have been located by using antibodies that react specifically with segments 1--13, 31--79, and 80--124. These antibodies were purified by affinity chromatography on columns to which these peptide segments were bound. Analysis of precipitin curves indicates that there are at least three antigenic determinants to which antibody molecules can bind simultaneously in the presence of excess antibodies. Analysis of binding data, however, for each purified specific antibody preparation, carried out by the method of Berzofsky et al. [Berzofsky, J. A., Curd, J. G., & Schechter, A. N. (1976) Biochemistry, 15, 2113], leads to an estimate of four for the number of antigenic determinants in ribonuclease; this estimate had also been made earlier by Stelos et al. [Stelos, P., Fothergill, J. E., & Singer, S. J. (1960) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 82, 6034]. We find that one determinant is associated with each of segments 1--13 and 80--124 and two with segment 31--79. No antigenic activity could be detected for segment 14--29 either in native ribonuclease or in the free fragment. These conclusions are based on (1) the use of specific peptides to isolate purified antibodies by affinity chromatography, (2) immunoprecipitation of an antigenic peptide from the peptic digest of ribonuclease, (3) competitive inhibition studies with various peptide and protein fragments [cyanogen bromide fragments 1--13, 31--79, and 80--124, the tryptic peptides 40--61 and 105--224, S-peptide, S-protein, and des(121--124)-RNase], and (4) comparison and evaluation of the published effects on antigenicity of chemical and enzymatic modifications and changes in sequence among homologous ribonucleases. These approaches provide evidence that the four antigenic determinants are localized around the alpha-helical portion of segment 1--10, somewhere in segment 40--61, at the beta bend in segment 63--75, and either at the beta bend or beta sheet in segment 87--104 of native ribonuclease.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1978

Abnormal glycolipid composition of erythrocytes with a weak P antigen.

The erythrocytes of a normal man were agglutinated more weakly than normal cells by several anti-P1PPK sera, and exhibited a decreased capacity to absorb these antibodies. Analysis of his erythrocyte glycosphingolipids revealed that the globoside (P antigen) content was less than 25% of normal, and trihexosyl ceramide (the PK antigen) was 30-40% of normal. The ganglioside content of his erythrocytes was approximately four times normal and sialosylparagloboside was increased about sixfold. It appears that his erythrocytes was unable to synthesize normal quantities of trihexosyl ceramide, and that these serological and chemical features constitute a new phenotype in the P blood group system.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Recognition by pregnancy serums of non-HL-A alloantigens selectively expressed on B lymphocytes.

A group of alloantibodies are found in pregnancy sera which react with antigens present on B lymphocytes and monocytes but are not detectable on the vast majority of unstimulated T cells. This specificity distinguishes them from HL-A antibodies which react with both cell types. They were readily recognized through indirect fluorescent antibody analysis by employing the combination of B-cell lymphoid lines and normal peripheral blood T cells. Different sera gave a variety of patterns of reactivity with a panel of 11 lymphoid lines. Similar differential patterns were also observed with normal B cells from different individuals particularly after concentrating the B cells. The antibodies were also cytotoxic to B cells and this procedure gave parallel results to the fluorescence method. The pattern of reactions obtained indicated a very heterogeneous system similar to that for HL-A. Special study of certain of the sera provided evidence that the lymphocyte-defined determinants of the mixed lymphocyte reaction system were involved. For convenience the term HL-B has been employed for these antigens.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1979

The hormonal and immunological status of vasectomised men.

The concentration of FSH, LH, testosterone and sperm agglutinating and cytotoxic antibodies have been determined in 87 men at varying time intervals after vasectomy. The results indicated that vasectomy is not associated with statistically significant changes in any of these parameters. Furthermore, no correlation existed between the development of sperm antibodies and the peripheral endocrine status of an individual.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Spermagglutinating antibodies and beta-spermagglutinins in sera from infertile and fertile women.

Sera from five groups of women were investigated by the tray agglutination technique for the presence of spermagglutinins: (1) 326 women from infertile couples, (2) 51 women in early pregnancy, (3) 65 women in advanced pregnancy, (4) 41 oral contraceptive users, and (5) 109 presumably fertile, nonpregnant women. By absorbing spermagglutinating sera with a cell-free eluate from spermatozoa, agglutination disappeared when due to a high-molecular weight compound with beta-mobility in preparative zone electrophoresis (denoted beta-spermagglutinin), whereas activity due to sperm antibodies was unchanged. Spermagglutinating sera occurred with comparable frequency among women from infertile couples, women in advanced pregnancy, and oral contraceptive users. The absorption study revealed agglutinating antibodies in a significantly higher frequency and in higher titers among women of infertile couples than among fertile women, in whom beta-spermagglutinins were found almost exclusively. These results demonstrate the importance of discriminating between sperm antibodies and beta-spermagglutinins in studies of sperm antibodies as a cause of infertility in women.

Agglutinins↗
PubMed1979

Sperm antibody activity in human fallopian tube fluid.

Fallopian tube fluid and sera from 33 fertile and 48 infertile patients were investigated for spermatozoal antibodies by gelatin agglutination, immobilization, and indirect immunofluorescence tests. Oviductal fluids were obtained as washings after tubal catheterization. The incidences of antisperm activity in oviductal washings ranged from 9% to 58.3% depending on the tests used. These incidences were higher in infertile patients. Only immunoglobulin (Ig) A antisperm antibody was significantly more common in infertile patients than in fertile patients (P less than 0.01). Gelatin agglutination and antisperm IgG activity in the oviductal washings could be correlated to that in the sera. No relationship was seen between antisperm activity in the oviductal washings and that in the sera for sperm immobilization antibodies and IgA antisperm antibodies.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Etiology of nongonococcal urethritis.

Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from the urethra from 48 (42 per cent) of 113 men with non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU), four (7 per cent) of 58 without overt urethritis, and 13 (19 per cent) of 69 with gonorrhea. Postgonococcal urethritis (PGU) developed in 11 of 11 men who had C. trum antibody to C. trachomatisis developed. The immunotype specificity of chlamydial antibody corresponded to the immunotype isolated. Among culture-negative patients. chlamydial antibody prevalence correlated with the number of past sex partners and with previous NGU. Herpesvirus hominis, cytomegalovirus, T-mycoplasma, Mycoplasma hominis, other bacteria, and Trichomonas vaginalis were not implicated in NGU or PGU. Thus, the cause of chlamydia-negative NGU and PGU remains obscure. Endocervical chlamydia were found in sex partners of 15 of 22 NGU patients with and two of 24 without urethral chlamydial infection (p smaller than 0.001). Tetracycline treatment of both sex partners appears advisable.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1979

The immune response to vasectomy and its relation to the HLA system.

We examined 188 men who had undergone vasectomy up to 6 years previously and, for comparative purposes, 100 men who were about to undergo the operation. Blood specimens were available from a total of 283 men. Sperm antibody assays using immunofluorescence, microagglutination, and microimmobilization confirmed that the prevalance of several types of antibody is higher after vasectomy. Immobilizing and agglutinating antibodies appeared to be the most important. Trends in antibody prevalence according to the time after the operation were analyzed. Screening against lymphocytes and lymphoid lines showed that the anti-sperm activity of era was not related to anti-HLA or anti-Ia activity. Associations were examined between different types of sperm antibody, and between these antibodies and autoantibodies to other antigens. When antibody prevalence was studied in relation to HLA types, the HLA antigen A28 was found to be strongly associated with production of head agglutinating antibody (and immobilizing and immunofluorescent equatorial antibodies) after vasectomy. This is one of the first clear-cut examples of antibody production associated with the HLA system.

Acrosome↗
PubMed1979

Experimental findings with spermantibodies: condom therapy (a case report).

A couple with no demonstrable cause for their infertility, except for a pronounced antisperm activity in the blood serum of the female partner, were instructed to use a condom while our laboratory monitored the wifes antibody titer. The antibody activity declined sufficiently and an artificial husband insemination were performed after seven months of therapy. A precise report of the spermantibody activity over an eleven month period are given by the authors.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1979

Sperm autoantibodies as a consequence of vasectomy. II. Long-term follow-up studies.

Thirty-four out of fifty-two vasectomized men studied previously were studied again about 5 years after vasectomy for sperm-agglutinating and sperm-immoblizing antibodies, and for antibodies to human protamine. Only one man lost his already weak antibody activity, whilst one out of eight men, negative at 1 year, appeared to be positive at 5 years. Slightly higher titres in one of the three sperm antibody tests were found in the sera of about 30% of the men. Only in three (9%) was there a rise of two or more steps in more than one technique. Agglutinins and immobilizins were shown to be strongly correlated, as was the case with antibodies to human protamine and head-to-head agglutinins. Seminal plasma sperm agglutinins were detected in the samples of only four (out of thirty) men, in low titres. Circulating immune complexes tested with various techniques were only found in a few sera and not consistently. This prolonged study shows that sperm autoantibodies formed within 1 year after vasectomy are persistent. Their role in remaining infertility after reanastomosis requires further study.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1977

Ultrasound as a new method of male contraception.

Twenty male cats were treated once or twice with 1 watt/sq cm of ultrasound for 10 minutes. Each of 24 male dogs received one to three treatments with 1 watt/sq cm for 10 minutes. Another six dogs were treated with 2 watts/sq cm for 15 minutes. Four Cebus apella monkeys were treated with the same dosage as that used for the cats and dogs. A dosage of 1 watt/sq cm for 10 minutes was also applied to four human patients without the use of anesthetics, and no pain or side effects were noted. In all treated animals as well as in human patients the results indicate that ultrasound significantly suppresses spermatogenesis according to the dosage and frequency of treatment, without any effect on Leydig cells or blood testosterone levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The transient HLA antigenic loss dependent on hormonal state of organism in a healthy woman.

In a healthy 44-year-old female blood donor with HLA phenotype HLA-A 2, A 10/B 7, BW 15 repeatedly the transient loss of HLA antigens was proved during the menstrual period and supposed ovulation. Within the interval between menstruation and ovulation the antigens could reliably be proved. The results support the view that in women hormonal effects may influence the HLA antigenic expressivity. The significance of this observation for reliable typing of HLA antigens in women is discussed.

Adult↗