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Results for “Antisocial Personality Disorder”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Personality disorder in transcultural perspective.

Personality disorder constitutes one of the most controversial diagnostic categories within clinical psychiatry. Explosive and antisocial personality disorders in particular are central to this controversy. The difficulties for diagnosis encountered when clinician and patient belong to different socio-economic classes are seen to be magnified in the transcultural situation, when cultural and language variables are superimposed. The diagnosis of personality disorder among Australian Aborigines is reviewed, and the face validity of some prevalence rates is challenged. An examination of the terms for anger and aggression used by a Central Australian tribal Aboriginal group demonstrates that Aborigines differentiate them both quantitatively and qualitatively. This facility is seen as providing psychiatrists with a method for enhancing diagnosis of personality disorder in both clinical and epidemiological settings.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Sensation seeking and psychopathology.

A sample of 2,115 persons responded to an article in a popular magazine by taking the Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS) and supplying personal information by mail, including data about past treatment, hospitalization, and diagnosis of psychiatric disorders. Subjects falling into certain diagnostic categories were closely matched with controls from the same sample who reported no history, treatment, or diagnosis of disorder. SSS scores were not related to general psychopathology, unipolar depression, schizophrenia, or neurosis, but were found to be elevated in persons reporting a history of manic-depressive or sociopathic spectrum (including alcoholism and drug abuse) disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Defense mechanisms in men and women alcoholics.

The responses of men and women alcoholics to the Defense Mechanism Inventory showed that the women scored significantly higher in "turning against self" and the men in "turning against others." Although such differences may underlie reported sex differences in the incidence of depression and sociopathic personality disorder, they have also been found in studies of nonalcoholics and psychiatric outpatients.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Psychiatric manifestations in temporal lobe epilepsy: a controlled study.

Psychiatric disorder was studied in 62 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (study group) and 70 patients with grand mal epilepsy (control group), both diagnosed electroencephalographically. The two groups were similar as regards age, sex, socio-economic status, duration and frequency of fits, family history and premorbid personality. A significantly greater number of temporal lobe epileptics had emotional disturbances in childhood and psychiatric abnormalities at the time of study. Neuroses, schizophrenia and behaviour disorder occurred more commonly in the study group, while epileptic personality and confusional psychosis were seen more frequently in the controls. The findings of the study are discussed in the light of relevant literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Multiproblem families and their psychiatric significance.

The characteristics of multiproblem families are described, and the investigations in a research project are reported. A note is made of their epidemiological significance. Reasons are suggested as to why they have received little psychiatric attention. In particular their child upbringing practices, including child rearing and learning disorders, are described. The psychiatry of inadequacy is considered and the validity of the various diagnoses used. Finally it is suggested that the place of psychiatry in their care should be reconsidered and that a better knowledge of social handicap should be acquired.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Management of character disorders in a hospital setting.

Management of the character disorders in a hospital is synonymous with the therapeutic process itself. No single mode of therapy is the answer. The key seems to be a structured social setting, a therapeutic milieu involving an interdisciplinary team approach in which harmony, mutual trust and relative agreement about patient goals prevail.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1977

Lack of association between defective delinquents and antibody of herpesvirus hominis.

Several groups have reported a relation between herpesvirus hominis infection and certain psychiatric disorders. We have investigated herpes antibody levels in chronic criminal offenders who were diagnosed as defective delinquents and in criminals who were not defective delinquents. We found no difference in the frequency of titers of herpesvirus type I or type 2 antibody in these groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Psychopathy and arousal: a new interpretation of the psychophysiological literature.

The psychophysiological literature on psychopathy is reviewed in the context of low-arousal theory. Difficulties in the theory are discussed both in general terms and specifically in relation to psychopathy. Contrary to the low-arousal theory, the data indicate that psychopaths exhibit a wider degree of variability in arousal levels and reactivity than normal indiciduals. A more accurate model of the disorder might be one in which psychopaths display a faster rate and a greater magnitude of change in physiological and behavioral activity than normals. It is suggested that psychopathy might be usefully viewed as a biochemical disturbance manifested in abnormal oscillations in neurotransmitter functioning, autonomic activity, and behavior. The literature is reexamined in light of this hypothesis, and a number of avenues for further research are discussed.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1977

Follow-up of stereotaxic amygdalotomy for seizure and behavior disorders.

Stereotaxic amygdalotomy for the control of unmanageable behavior and/or intractable seizures is a controversial treatment approach with unknown risk-to-benefit ratios. Information about this subject was obtained from a retrospective follow-up study of 58 patients who received this form of treatment 1 to 11 years earlier (average 6 years). Assessments of the patients were made by invesgators external to the surgical treatment system, using structured psychiatric interviews, neuropsychological tests, and EEGs. In addition, global assessments were made, comparing pre- versus postoperative status. The objective data revealed no indication of worsening or damage with similar pre- and postoperative test scores and EEG features. Computer-scored interviews revealed considerable psychopathology in the ambulatory patients. Overall judgments of behavior, seizures, and functional levels indicated that more than a third of the group was probably improved, although the relationship of outcome to the surgery was indeterminate.

Adolescent↗