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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1979

Ascending aorta-supraceliac abdominal aorta bypass: successful removal of an infected graft in the descending thoracic aorta.

An infected graft and a mycotic pseudoaneurysm were successfully resected by employing an ascending aortasupraceliac abdominal aorta bypass graft in a 19-year-old man. He had formerly undergone graft replacement surgery for traumatic aneurysm of the descending thoracic aorta, with the aid of a temporary external bypass graft. After this first operation, the patient had suffered from septicemia due to Psudomonas aeruginosa, which resulted in formation of mycotic pseudoaneurysms at the distal anastomotic site of the prosthetic graft and at both stumps of the formerly employed external bypass graft.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

Dynamic mechanical properties of atherosclerotic aorta. A correlation between the cholesterol ester content and the viscoelastic properties of atherosclerotic aorta.

The effect of cholesterol and cholesterol ester content of aortas on the dynamic mechanical properties of these tissues was studied in rabbits during development of atherosclerosis. The disease was induced by feeding a 1.5% cholesterol diet for six weeks. At two week intervals, an equal number of control and experimental animals were sacrificed and their aortas were collected. After grading the aortas for lesions, one-half of each aorta was used for the determination of cholesterol and cholesterol ester content while the other half was used for the determination of viscoelastic properties. The viscoelastic properties were determined in both the longitudinal and the tangentail direction of the aortas. The results showed that cholesterol feeding had no effect on the longitudinal dynamic Young's modulus of the aortas. On the other hand, the tangential dynamic Young's modulus of the aortas was found to be very much influenced by the cholesterol diet. After the first two weeks of cholesterol feeding, the tangential dynamic Young's modulus was found to be increased markedly with time. At the end of the 6-week period, the average value of the tangential Young's moduli was 4.0 X 10(6) dynes/cm2 in the cholesterol-fed group while in the control group it remained 2.7 X 10(6) dynes/cm2. This increase in the tangential Young's moduli showed a remarkable correlation with the increase in the cholesterol ester content of the aortas. The cholesterol est content of aortas, like the tangential Young's modulus, remained unaffected during the first two weeks of cholesterol feeding. But after the first two weeks, a rapid increase in the cholesterol ester content was observed which coincided with an almost identical increase in the tangential Young's modulus values. It is concluded that during the early stages of atherosclerosis, the cholesterol ester content of aortas exerts a significant influence on the tangential dynamic Young's modulus of aortas. The serum levels of cholesterol and cholesterol ester, although increased steadily with the cholesterol feeding, did not show any direct correlation with the viscoelastic properties of the aortas.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

Ascending aorta-abdominal aorta bypass: indications, technique, and report of 12 patients.

Use of the supraceliac segment of the abdominal aorta for ascending aorta-abdominal aorta bypass (AAAAB) offers a new technique for management of certain difficult surgical problems. Since 1973, we have performed AAAAB in 12 patients: 4 with recurrent coarctation of the thoracic aorta; 4 with coarctation of the thoracic aorta and associated cardiac lesions requiring a concomitant intracardiac procedure; 2 with recurrent aortoiliac occlusive disease (AIOD); 1 with interruption of the aortic arch requiring concomitant pulmonary artery banding; and 1 with coarctation of the abdominal aorta. In 3 of these patients (2 with recurrent AIOD and 1 with coarctation of the abdominal aorta) the distal anastomosis was made to the distal abdominal aorta or femoral arteries. Ten patients (83.3%) experienced satisfactory results; 2 patients (16.6%) died. The technique of AAAAB provides a practical solution to complex situations in which previous procedures preclude a standard operative approach, or when necessary concomitant procedures would otherwise require a two-stage operation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1978

[Cardiovascular radiography, changes in the thoracic aorta, ECG and clinical parameters in hypertension. 2. Changes in the thoracic aorta in hypertension].

In 142 hypertensives and a control group of 230 normotensives the measure of the aorta after Kreuzfuchs was estimated. In the two groups a significant increase of the width of the aorta was found with growing age. Whilst the width of the aorta concerning the degree of severity I of hypertension on an average were slightly below those of normotensives, they were increased in the degrees of severity II and III, but a further increase could not be ascertained at the transition from degree of severity II to III. On the other hand, the duration of hypertension is of particular importance when a dilation of the aorta is present. Also between deformation of the heart and measure of the aorta close relations which may conclude to a homogenous development are to be seen particularly in the younger patients. The influence of the sclerosis of the aorta in the sense of an additional dilation of the aorta could not be clearly confirmed on the basis of our material. On the other hand, the frequency of calcium depositions significantly increased with growing age in the region of the aortic arce and in the group of younger patients with the duration of hypertension, whereas the different degrees of severity II and III had a smaller influence. It is interesting that several patients showed normal widths of the aorta despite a duration of the hypertension of more than 5 years and a degree of severity III.

Aorta, Thoracic↗

PubMed1976

Prostaglandin endoperoxides, serotonin and the superfused rabbit aorta: possible pitfalls in the bio-assay of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).

The specificity of the isolated rabbit aorta for identification and assay of prostaglandin endoperoxides, formed during aggregation of platelet rich plasma (PRP) from rats, was investigated in the superfused organ cascade. The use of cumulative dose-response curves in this design is quicker than conventional step-wise dosing while delivering identical results. On the rabbit aorta, in contrast to the rat fundus strip, methysergide is too weak an antagonist to rule out responses due to 5-HT. After pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine, in the presence of methysergide, the rabbit aorta retains its sensitivity towards oxygenated fatty acids, while being virtually unreactive towards 5-HT. The prostaglandin endoperoxide PGH2 is more potent than prostaglandin E2 when assayed on the rabbit aorta, while on the rat fundus the situation is reversed. Combining the rabbit aorta and rat fundus strip with pre-filtration on Amberlite XAD-2 columns showed that during collagen induced aggregation rat PRP generated both a labile RCS-most probably a prostaglandin endoperoxide- and a lipophylic prostaglandin-like material, along with 5-HT.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Late sudden death after surgical correction of coarctation of the aorta. Importance of aneurysm of the ascending aorta.

Follow-up studies averaging 12 years postcorrective surgery of 343 patients with coarctation of the aorta disclosed 38 late deaths, 15 of which were sudden, unexpected and probably cardiovascular. All but two patients were normotensive postoperatively, and in 4 of these the cause of death was proven dissecting aneurysm of ascending aorta. In another patient this aneurysm was repaired surgically and in 3 other patients chest X-ray had shown a dilated ascending aorta before death. At follow-up the ascending aorta was dilated angiographically in 4 survivors, who had moderate systolic hypertension and aortic valve disease. The high incidence of aneurysm of ascending aorta in patients with coarctation is probably due to hypertension during the growth period, possibly in combination with congenital weakness of the aortic wall, and to concomitant aortic valve lesion.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1977

Surgical treatment of aneurysms of the ascending aorta. With special reference to cystic medial necrosis of the aorta.

The clinical series comprised 14 patients with aneurysms of the ascending aorta. In the autopsy series, there were additionally 19 patients, who had died suddenly as a results of free perforation or dissection of the ascending aorta. In the clinical series, the cause of the aneurysmal formation was cystic medial necrosis in 10 patients, 8 of whom had severe aortic valve insufficiency. Twelve patients were operated on using extracorporeal circulation, Both the ascending aorta and aortic valve were replaced with prosthesis in 6 cases. Three patients underwent emergency surgery due to pericardial tamponade. All three died, despite a technically successful operation. One patient out of 9 electively operated upon died. A follow-up examination was carried out on the 5 surviving cystic medial necrosis patients. Aneurysms of the sinuses of Valsalva developed after supracoronary resection in 2 patients. The results showed that elective operations in the event of aneurysms of the ascending aorta can be carried out with an acceptably low mortality rate. However, after supracoronary resection, in cases of cystic medial necrosis, the risk of developing aneurysms of the proximal aortic remnant seems obvious. Therefore, in patients in whom the whole aortic root is involved, total removal of the ascending aorta and re-implantation of the coronary ostia into the prosthetic tube is preferable.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1977

Fatty acid synthesis in aorta. Isolation of fatty acid synthetase from chicken aorta.

Fatty acid synthesis by subcellular fractions of human aorta was studied by measuring the incorporation of either radioactive acetyl-CoA or malonyl-CoA into long chain fatty acids. The high speed supernatant fraction contained fatty acid synthetase and was capable of de novo fatty acid synthesis. The fatty acid synthetase from chicken aorta was purified 800-fold from the high speed supernatant and was judged to be 10% pure at this level. Its molecular weight was estimated to be 450,000 on the basis of agarose gel filtration chromatography, while under dissociating conditions a molecular weight of 220,000 was obtained on sodium dodecyl sulphate disc gel electrophoresis. Fatty acid synthesis was dependent on acetyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA and NADPH. The major product was free palmitic acid. In enzymatic and physical characteristics the chicken aorta fatty acid synthetase strongly resembles the synthetase isolated from chicken liver. The two enzymes cross-react immuno-chemically and this homology provides the possibility of studying the synthesis and degradation of the aorta synthetase during the development of atherosclerosis.

Acetyl Coenzyme A↗

PubMed1978

Transdiaphragmatic approach to the descending thoracic aorta for proximal control during surgery on the abdominal aorta.

A technic of mobilizing and clamping the lower descending thoracic aorta from the abdomen through the incision in the diaphragm is described. This technic is simple and may be useful when it is difficult to obtain proximal control of the abdominal aorta during surgery. In addition, certain surgical procedures on the upper abdominal aorta may be facilitated by the use of this technic.

Aorta, Abdominal↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Ascending aorta to femoral arteries bypass without opening the abdominal cavity. Choice treatment in cases of complete occlusion of the infrarenal aorta.

In two cases which needed a revascularization of the inferior limbs, it was possible to utilize the subrenal aorta (the first case was affected by an infrarenal aortic occlusion; the second by an infection of a previously inserted aortofemoral graft), the AA. elected to perform a bypass with a dacron graft between the ascending aorta and femoral arteries according to the technique already proposed by Kaplitt. Having accomplished the proximal anastomoses to the ascending aorta through a midsternal incision, the graft was placed into a properitoneal tunnel down to both inguinal regions. This tunnel was obtained in the anterior abdominal wall by a blind blunt dissection entering the properitoneal space at the inferior end of the sternal incision. In this way the opening of the abdomen is avoided. On account of its poor risk, this procedure is advisable not only in cases of infrarenal aortic occlusion but almost in all aged and poor risk patients who require a revascularization of the inferior limbs.

Aged↗

PubMed1979

Management of ascending suture line sepsis by excision on the ascending aorta and insertion of a left ventricular apex to aorta conduit.

A new technique used in the management of infection of an aortic suture line following aortic valve replacement and subsequent episodes of severe hemorrhage resulting from suture line disruption is described. In a planned, staged procedure, a left-ventricular-apex-to-aorta conduit was inserted followed by excision of the supracoronary aortic root and ascending aorta, incorporating all infected tissue. This technique demonstrates that near total excision of the ascending aorta is possible and coronary artery flow can be maintained with only a minimal supravalvular aortic chamber.

Aorta, Thoracic↗

PubMed1979

Seat belt aorta: acute dissection and thrombosis of the abdominal aorta.

Aortic trauma mainly involves the thoracic aorta (95%), while the abdominal aorta is infrequently involved (5%). Of growing interest is the role of seat belts in abdominal aortic injuries. Although seat belts are known to cause injuries to the abdominal viscera, they rarely produce aortic trauma. We report here an acute dissection with thrombosis of the abdominal aorta leading to complete peripheral occlusion as a result of lap-type seat belt injury. The two previously reported cases of similar injuries which resulted in incomplete occlusion are reviewed. A hypothesis for the causal mechanism of these injuries is described. The authors also stress careful follow-up of all patients with seat belt injuries since other intra-abdominal vascular injuries may be present.

Accidents, Traffic↗

PubMed1977

Tandem coarctations of thoracic and abdominal aorta with intervening hypoplastic thoracic aorta: treatment with unilateral axillofemoral graft.

Tandem coarctations of the thoracic and abdominal aorta with an intervening segment of hypoplastic thoracic aorta were discovered unexpectedly in a 14-year-old boy brought to the emergency room for a displaced fracture of the radius. After the fracture healed, the boy's potentially dangerous anomalies were treated successfully with a unilateral axillofemoral prosthetic graft. This has remained patent for 42 months, and the boy has done well.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1977

Staphylococcal aortic pseudoaneurysm. Treatment employing ascending aorta-abdominal aorta bypass graft.

An adult patient developed infection of the anastomosis after resection of an isthmic coarctation, with subsequent formation of a pseudoaneurysm. He was treated successfully by an ascending aorta-abdominal aorta bypass graft. The graft was placed retrosternally and passed through the diaphragm into the retroperitoneal space. After surgery the patient developed systolic hypertension. A faint murmur was heard over the chest and abdomen, caused by the turbulent flow through the graft.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

[Effects of chronic inhalation intoxication with carbon disulfide on the content of various lipid metabolism indices in the serum, aorta and cardiac muscle in rabbits. II. Lipid phosphorus and phospholipid fractions in the serum, aorta and cardiac muscle].

Lipid phosphorus and single phospholipids content was checked in serum, aorta and cardiac muscle of rabbits exposed in toxicological chamber for 3 and 6 months, to carbon disulfide of low concentration (0.44 mg/l) and higher concentration (0.8 mg/l). Phospholipids were separated using thin--layer chromatography. Lipid phosphorus content in each fraction was determined colorimetrically. Statistical analysis of obtained results was done based on the Student "t" test. Lipid phosphorus content in serum, aorta and cardiac muscle was found to increase in animals exposed to CS2 in lower concentration. A decrease in lipid phosphorus content (statistically significant) was noted in the serum of rabbits intoxicated with CS2 in high concentration for 3 months. Changes in the percentage of phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelins in cardiac muscle were found.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

[Effect of chronic inhalation of carbon disulfide intoxication on the content of various lipid metabolism indices in rat serum, aorta and cardiac muscle. I. Total fats, triglycerides, free fatty acids in serum, free and esterified cholesterol in serum, aorta and cardiac muscle].

Fatty compounds were examined in blood serum, aorta and cardiac muscle of rats exposed to carbon disulphide in low (0.44 mg/l) and high (0.8 mg/l) concentration for 3 and 6 months in the toxicological chamber. The content of total lipids, triglycerides and free fatty acids in serum was determined using methods adopted in laboratory diagnostics. Separation of neutral fats in serum and tissue was done using thin--layer chromatography and free and esterified cholesterol was quantitatively determined by colorimetric methods. Statistical analysis of the results was based on the Student's test. In the rats intoxicated with CS2 increased content of total fats, triglycerides, free fatty acids in serum and cholesterol in cardiac muscle was found; these changes are not statistically significant. Statistically significant increase of free and esterified cholesterol was found in serum and aorta of the rats intoxicated with CS2. These changes were found mostly in rats intoxicated for 3 and 6 months with low concentrations of CS2.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

Right aortic arch with left descending aorta (circumflex aorta). Roentgenographic diagnosis.

Right aortic arch with retroesophageal segment is a rare anomaly with distinctive roentgenographic features. We present 2 patients, who on the barium oesophogram had an additional finding which has not previously been described. The typical features include an indentation on the right upper barium filled oesophagus (in the antero-posterior view), an oblique indentation descending from right to left (caused by the retroesophageal segment) and the left descending aorta. The oblique identation has not previously been described. The embryology and incidence of the lesion are briefly discussed.

Aorta, Thoracic↗

PubMed1979

Pitfalls in the plain film evaluation of the thoracic aorta: the mimicry of aneurysms and adjacent masses and the value of aortography. Part II. Descending thoracic aorta.

Distinguishing posterior mediastinal and pulmonary masses from aneurysms and tortuosity of the descending thoracic aorta may be difficult, as five such cases illustrate. Both the neoplasms and the aortic aneurysms or tortuosity can compress the same vital mediastinal structures; thus, they may give rise to the same symptoms. Because the plain film findings may also be similar, aortography is essential to their diagnosis.

Aged↗