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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Broca aphasia: pathologic and clinical.

The speech disturbance resulting from infarction limited to the Broca area has been delineated; it differs from the speech disorder called Broca aphasia, which results from damage extending far outside the Broca area. Nor does Broca area infarction cause Broca aphasia. The lesions in 20 cases observed since 1972 were documented by autopsy, computerized tomography, or arteriogram; the autopsy records from the Massachusetts General hospital for the past 20 years and the published cases since 1820 were also reviewed. The findings suggest that infarction affecting the Broca area and its immediate environs, even deep into the brain, causes a mutism that is replaced by rapidly improving dyspraxic and effortful articulation, but that no significant distrubance in language function persists. The more complex syndrome traditionally referred to as Broca aphasia, including Broca's original case, is characterized by protracted mutism, verbal stereotypes, and agrammatism. It is associated with a considerably larger infarct which encompasses the operculum, including the Broca area, insula, and adjacent cerebrum, in the territory supplied by the upper division of the left middle cerebral artery.

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PubMed2005

Chorea and Broca aphasia induced by diabetic ketoacidosis in a type 1 diabetic patient diagnosed as Moyamoya disease.

We here report one case of hemichorea and Broca aphasia occurred with diabetic ketoacidosis. A 20-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes mellitus had experienced diabetic ketoacidosis fourth time after the onset of diabetes. At the third ketoacidotic episode, the patient was admitted to our hospital for the first time to show hemichorea of the left extremities. Brain computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a high-density area in the right caudate head and low-density area in the right putamen. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) demonstrated a stenosis at the root of the bilateral middle and anterior cerebral arteries. The hemichorea disappeared within 3 days. At the fourth ketoacidotic episode, not hemichorea but unconsciousness was there for 2 days even after ketoacidosis disappeared. After the unconscious state, Broca aphasia was demonstrated for 15 days. The cerebral angiography showed a finding compatible to Moyamoya disease. These findings support that chorea and Broca aphasia induced by diabetic ketoacidosis was developed in addition to blood vessel abnormalities such as Moyamoya disease. We suggest that poorly controlled diabetic patients with hemichorea should undergo cerebral angiography.

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PubMed1997

[Jargon agraphia in a case with Broca aphasia: dissociation between language and writing dominancy].

A 69-year-old left-handed man developed Broca aphasia and jargon agraphia following a right cerebral infarction. He learned to write with his right hand. There is no family history of left-handedness. Neurological examination revealed hemiparesis, sensory impairment, and hyperreflexia with pathological reflexes on the left side. An MRI demonstrated lesions in the area including the pre- and post-central gyri, the posterior part of the middle and inferior frontal gyri, and inferior parietal lobule on the right side. Neuropsychologically he was alert and cooperative. He demonstrated severe Broca aphasia and his verbal output was limited to a few residual words. On the other hand, he could communicate through writing Kanji words. Writing words was relatively preserved with Kanji but not with Kana characters. Asked to write a Japanese folk tale, he showed jargon agraphia mixed with some correct Kanji words. His comprehension of spoken and written sentences was well preserved. He showed mild ideomotor and buccofacial apraxia, left unilateral spatial neglect, and constructional impairment. Dissociation between spoken and written language is a prominent feature of this patient's language output. In this patient, right hemisphere seems to be dominant for language and praxis, and left hemisphere for motor engram of writing. Learning to write with the right hand may have enhanced the establishment and maintenance of motor engram for writing in the left hemisphere. The intact motor engram of characters in the left hemisphere could be retrieved by the right hand without control from the language area in the diseased right hemisphere, resulting in jargon agraphia especially with Kana characters. In left handed people, the hand with which they learn to write may effect interhemisphere lateralization of language functions.

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PubMed2004

[Broca aphasia with neologisms].

Patients with jargon aphasia generally have fluent speech with poor comprehension. However, outstanding jargons may appear in non-fluent aphasics. We report a 69-year-old left-handed woman with non-fluent jargon aphasia due to lesions in the right frontoparietal area. Features of her speech included non-fluent meaningless sequences of syllables, i. e., phonetic jargon, which was obvious in all the tasks including spontaneous speech, repetition, naming and reading. Her utterance was sparse, but not effortful or anarthric. She understood most of spoken single words, but was confused by complex sentences. Brain CTs revealed acute lesions affecting the inferior and middle frontal gyri, insular cortex, precentral and postcentral gyri, and a part of the angular gyrus in the right hemisphere. Old infarcts were also noted in the right frontal pole and prefrontal area. The unique feature of her language impairment suggested somewhat deviated lateralization and localization of her language function.

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PubMed1983

[Japanese-applied melodic intonation therapy for Broca aphasia].

Since Albert et al. (1973) published Melodic Intonation Therapy (MIT), this new technique for Broca type aphasics has won a good reputation because of its remarkable efficiency. Many improved cases have been reported. On the contrary, there seems to be no study on MIT in Japan. This gap may be mainly caused by the great difference between two languages which makes difficult to apply original MIT to Japanese language. Through a comparative study of two languages, we have made some amendments on original MIT, which just fit for Japanese. MIT is designed to generate verbal output by embedding target phrases and sentences in a simple, nonliguistically loaded melody pattern. The pattern is consisted of the melody line, the rhythm, and points of stress. Now let us explain our Japanese version of MIT concerning these three elements. As for melody line, our version has only two pitches; high and low, since Japanese language has a pitch accent which is decided in each word. As a result, the melody line of Japanese version is far more simple than the original one, which has four pitches. The rhythm of English is called "stress-timed rhythm", which means that a part between two syllables that have primary stresses tends to be spoken at regular intervals regardless of the number of syllables between them. Consequently, the tempo of speech varies depending on the number of syllables between them. On the other hand, Japanese has "syllable-timed rhythm", which means isosyllabic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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PubMed1992

Phrenological studies of aphasia before Broca: Broca's aphasia or Gall's aphasia?

The history of aphasia is usually taken to begin with Broca's (1861a,b) discovery of the correlation of aphemia with damage to the posterior inferior portion of the frontal lobes and the subsequent relation to left hemisphere. That there were prior, even biblical, references to aphasia is not in dispute, nor that, according to Benton and Joynt (1960), almost all the clinical forms of aphasia had been described prior to 1800. The significance of Broca's case studies, therefore, lies in the association of motor aphasia with focal pathology in the frontal lobe. This paper examines the status of aphasia localization prior to Broca, and, specifically, the extent to which Broca's discovery may have been anticipated by the phrenologists.

Aphasia, Broca↗
PubMed1985

Lesion localization in Broca's aphasia. Implications from Broca's aphasia without hemiparesis.

The recent hypothesis that injury of the left precentral gyrus (PCG) is critical in causing Broca's aphasia implies that right hemiparesis is an inevitable accompaniment of Broca's aphasia and not merely a coincidental neighborhood sign of PCG damage. A right-handed man was evaluated for posttraumatic Broca's aphasia. The absence in this case of limb or central facial weakness strongly suggests that language impairments of Broca's aphasia need not be associated with PCG damage.

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PubMed1977

The efficacy of cueing techniques in Broca's aphasia.

Twenty Broca's aphasia patients were stimulated with four cues in a picture-naming task. Among the severe aphasics in the group, presentation of a word to be imitated was the most effective cue and presentation of the initial syllable of the word ranked second. Sentence completion and printed word cues were equally effective and ranked third. Mild aphasic patients responded equally well to all four classes of cues. Reliability measures indicated that the order of potency of cues for the severe group was stable over time. Oral apraxia did not appear to contribute significantly to the severity of Broca's aphasia in any of these subjects. Possible explanations are presented for the effectiveness of cues studied.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1992

[Transient total motor aphasia. A complication of an axillary brachial plexus block].

Hypo- and hypertension, arrhythmias, bradycardia extending to cardiac arrest with circulatory failure, pneumothorax, allergic reactions with or without anaphylactic shock, production of methaemoglobin, vomiting, vertigo, disorientation, acoustic and visual disorders, tinnitus, slurred speech, muscle contractions, unconsciousness, and epileptic seizures are well-known complications associated with local anaesthetics. We have observed an additional central nervous system complication: a case of transient, total motor aphasia (Broca aphasia) in a 50-year-old patient after axillary blockade of the brachial plexus. Possible causes such as type and dosage of local anaesthetic or a transient ischaemic attack in the area of the prerolandic artery are discussed and related to the literature. Ultimately, however, it is still not apparent why this complication could appear although there was no overdosage intravascular injection, or abnormality of the pulse or blood pressure, and why its manifestation was limited to a motor aphasia.

Aphasia, Broca↗
PubMed1989

On-line sensitivity to local and long-distance syntactic dependencies in Broca's aphasia.

Seven agrammatic Broca's aphasics and ten normal control subjects performed a word-monitoring task to determine the degree to which violations of syntax would affect word-monitoring performance. Both local and long-distance dependencies were explored, as well as the effects of additional interceding words. Results indicated that normal subjects' word-monitoring latencies were significantly slower to target words in ungrammatical contexts for both local and long-distance dependencies. Aphasic subjects showed a significant sensitivity to ungrammaticality in the local dependency condition; for the long-distance dependencies, however, no reaction time difference emerged between grammatical and ungrammatical stimuli. Results are discussed in relation to current theories of the nature of agrammatic deficits.

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PubMed2005

A new empirical angle on the variability debate: quantitative neurosyntactic analyses of a large data set from Broca's aphasia.

Behavioral variation in Broca's aphasia has been characterized as boundless, calling into question the validity of the syndrome-based schema and related diagnostic methods of acquired language disorders. More generally, this putative variability has cast serious doubts on the feasibility of localizing linguistic operations in cortex. We present a new approach to the quantitative analysis of deficient linguistic performance, and apply it to a large data set, constructed from the published literature: Comprehension data of 69 carefully selected Broca's aphasic patients, tested on nearly 6000 stimulus sentences, were partitioned in different ways, and subjected to a series of analyses. While a certain amount of variability is indeed evident in the data, our quantitative analyses reveal a highly robust selective impairment pattern for the group: the patients' ability to analyze syntactic movement is severely compromised, in line with the Trace-Deletion Hypothesis. Further analyses suggest that patients' performance on no-movement sentence types exhibits less variation than on sentences that contain movement. We discuss the clinical and theoretical implications of our results.

Aphasia, Broca↗
PubMed2003

Verb and auxiliary movement in agrammatic Broca's aphasia.

Verb production in agrammatic Broca's aphasia has repeatedly been shown to be impaired by a number of investigators. Not only is the number of verbs produced often significantly reduced, but verb inflections and auxiliaries are often omitted as well (e.g., Bastiaanse, Jonkers, & Moltmaker-Osinga, 1996; Saffran, Berndt, & Schwartz, 1989; Thompson, Shapiro, Li, &Schendel, 1994, 1997). It has been suggested that these problems are, in part, caused by the fact that finite verbs need to be moved from their base-generated position to inflectional nodes in the syntactic tree (e.g., Bastiaanse & Van Zonneveld, 1998). Others have suggested that production deficits in agrammatism can be predicted based on the position that certain structures take in the syntactic tree (Friedmann & Grodzinsky, 1997; Hagiwara, 1995). If the former theory is correct, several predictions can be made. First of all, the discrepancy between production of finite verbs in the matrix and embedded clause that has been found for Dutch (Bastiaanse & Van Zonneveld, 1998) should not be observed in English, since the word order of the matrix and embedded clause are the same in the latter language. Second, if verb movement (including movement of auxiliaries) is problematic for speakers with agrammatic aphasia, then a hierarchy in the production of auxiliaries in yes/no questions, auxiliaries, and finite verbs in declarative sentences in English would be expected, since the former has been moved and the two latter are in base-generated position. In the present paper, these hypotheses were tested in a cross-linguistic study of Dutch and English. Results showed the position in the syntactic tree does not predict deficit patterns; rather the critical factor appears to relate to whether or not verb or auxiliary movement is required.

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PubMed1987

[Pragmatic elements of the speech of patients with Broca's aphasia: preliminary clinical study].

The author studies three patients with Broca aphasia characterized by the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination, and following A.R. Luria's criterion on the use and comprehension of pragmatic elements of speech--deixis of time, person, place, discourse and social, implicatures of Grice, conventional, generalized and particularized and presupposition. For this, the author works on the development of three hours speech resulted from interviews and also uses specific tests. One of the patients lost the propositional content of speech and internal language, typical of severe dynamic aphasia. The other two showed instability in comprehension and use of time and place deixis only during the tests, not revealing this anomaly at non-artificial conditions. These findings suggest that metalanguage is upset with its specific temporo-spatial elements affected, and it is possible that there is a graduation in the loss of discourse linkage with verbal and nonverbal context in which mediation is made by pragmatic relation in frontal lesions.

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