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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Prevalence of sensitization to Artemisia allergens Art v 1, Art v 3 and Art v 60 kDa. Cross-reactivity among Art v 3 and other relevant lipid-transfer protein allergens.

BACKGROUND: Artemisia vulgaris is a widespread weed in the Mediterranean area and several allergens have been detected in its pollen. One of them, Art v 3, belongs to the lipid-transfer protein (LTP) family and its prevalence in Artemisia-sensitized patients or its relationship with other LTP allergens is not clear. OBJECTIVE: To assess the pattern of sensitization to an array of mugwort allergens in a Mediterranean population, and to study the cross-reactivity of Art v 3 with Pru p 3 and Par j 1, relevant LTP allergens in the area. METHODS: Skin prick test was performed with whole extracts (A. vulgaris, Parietaria judaica and peach) and pure natural allergens Art v 1, Art v 3, Art v 60 kDa and Par j 1 in 24 mugwort-allergic patients from a Mediterranean area. In vitro assays included measurement of specific IgE and ELISA inhibition among LTP allergens. RESULTS: The three Artemisia allergens elicited a positive skin response in 70-80% of the patients. Seven patients were clearly sensitized to Par j 1 and 11 to Pru p 3. There was no correlation between Par j 1 and Pru p 3 sensitization, but a highly significant correlation was found between peach extract and Art v 3 as regards the skin response. No IgE cross-reactivity was observed between Art v 3/Par j 1 or Pru p 3/Par j 1. In contrast, Art v 3 significantly inhibited the binding to Pru p 3 of IgE from three patients' sera out of six studied, but Pru p 3 was not able to inhibit the IgE binding to Art v 3. CONCLUSION: Art v 3 is a major mugwort allergen and in some patients with IgE to both Art v 3 and Pru p 3, Art v 3 behaves as the primary sensitizing agent.

Allergens↗
PubMed1997

Exact ART: A Complete Implementation of an ART Network.

In this article we introduce a continuous time implementation of adaptive resonance theory (ART). ART designed by Grossberg concerns neural networks that self-organize stable pattern recognition categories of arbitrary sequences of input patterns. In contrast to the current implementations of ART we introduce a complete implementation of an ART network, including all regulatory and logical functions, as a system of ordinary differential equations capable of stand-alone running in real time. This means that transient behavior is kept in tact. This implementation of ART is based on ART 2 and is called Exact ART. Exact ART includes an implementation of a gated dipole field and an implementation of the orienting sub-system. The most important features of Exact ART, which are the design principles of ART 2, are proven mathematically. Also simulation studies show that Exact ART self-organizes stable recognition codes that agree with the classification behavior of ART 2. Copyright 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Respiratory findings in art and medical students. Effects of the art environment.

BACKGROUND: Art students are exposed to many noxious agents during their training, in contrast to medical students, who are not exposed to known environmental pollutants. OBJECTIVES: In order to investigate the potential effects of toxic agents in the art students' environment, we studied respiratory findings in a cohort of 117 art students and 128 medical students, matched for age, sex and smoking. METHODS: Acute and chronic respiratory symptoms were evaluated by modifying the British Medical Research Council questionnaire. Lung function studies were performed with a spirometer (Jaeger, Germany) measuring maximum expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curves. On these curves we calculated the forced vital capacity (FVC), one second forced expiratory volume (FEV1) and the maximal expiratory flow at 50% and the last 25% of the FVC (FEF50, FEF25). RESULTS: Significantly higher prevalences of most of the chronic respiratory symptoms were recorded in art students compared to medical students (p < 0.05). Art students who were smokers had significantly higher prevalences of many of the chronic respiratory symptoms than nonsmoking art students. Among medical students these differences were not statistically significant (NS). High prevalences of acute symptoms related to the study environment were recorded for art students. Odds ratios in male and female art students were significant for chronic cough, chronic phlegm and chronic bronchitis for the risk factor of smoking. Significantly decreased lung function values compared to predicted values were recorded mostly for FEF50 and FEF25 in male and female art students. Smoking and non-smoking art students had similar reductions of lung function. Lung function data in medical students were within predicted values. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that art students may be at risk of developing chronic respiratory symptoms and lung function changes as a result of their environmental exposure and their smoking habits.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

HIV/AIDS in the visual arts: applying discipline-based art education (DBAE) to medical humanities.

CONTEXT AND RATIONALE: Health professions educators have been systematically attempting to insert the humanities into health professions curricula for over 4 decades, with various degrees of success. Among the several medical humanities, the visual arts seem particularly adequate for the teaching/learning of crucial aspects of medicine. Educational efforts in the arts require, however, a sound pedagogical philosophy of art education. Health professions educators need therefore to be aware of educational frameworks in the arts. Discipline-based art education (DBAE) is a recognised contemporary educational framework for the teaching/learning of the arts, which may be adapted to medical humanities. OBJECTIVE: It is the ultimate objective of this essay to share the experience of applying this educational framework to a course in a medical curriculum. METHODS: The author describes a course on the representations of HIV/AIDS in the visual arts, with explicit reference to its objectives, content, instructional features and student assessment in the light of DBAE, whose principles and characteristics are described in detail. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Discipline-based art education may be applied to medical humanities courses in a medical curriculum. This essay throws light on how this structure may be particularly useful for designing other pedagogically sound art courses in health professions curricula.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2006

Affordable flow cytometry for enumeration of absolute CD4+ T-lymphocytes to identify subtype C HIV-1 infected adults requiring antiretroviral therapy (ART) and monitoring response to ART in a resource-limited setting.

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO)'s "3 x 5 program" has spurred efforts to place 3 million people on combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) for treatment of AIDS in resource-limited countries. Paradoxically, the cost of CD4+ T-lymphocyte count essential for decision-making to commence HIV positive adults on ART as well as for monitoring responses to ART remains unaffordable in most resource-limited countries. Thus, low-cost methods for enumerating CD4+ T-lymphocyte are urgently needed. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate Cyflow cytometry (Cyflow SL, Partec, Munster, Germany) for enumeration of absolute CD4+ T-lymphocyte in subtype C HIV-1 seropositive subjects using FACSCount (Becton and Dickinson, Immunocytometry Systems, San Jose, CA, USA) as the "predicate method". METHODS: A total of 150 HIV-1 seropositive subjects were included in the evaluation exercise. Fifty-eight specimens were collected from pregnant HIV-1 seropositive women (subtype C drug resistance study). Twenty-seven specimens were collected from women and their spouses with AIDS followed in a Duke ART study to assess the immunologic and virologic responses to generic ART, comprising Stavudine, Lamivudine and Nevirapine (Stalanev, Varichem Labs, Harare, Zimbabwe). Sixty-five specimens were collected from AIDS patients enrolled in an ongoing Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) study to investigate impact of ART on KS progression. Enumeration of CD4+ T-lymphocytes using FACSCount is routinely conducted for all the three studies. The Medical Research Council of Zimbabwe and Medicines Control Authority of Zimbabwe approved the studies. Whole blood was collected in EDTA vacutainer tubes and aliquoted into two tubes (200 microL in each). CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts were enumerated using a Cyflow counter, in the Department of Immunology and a FACSCount in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology within 6 hours of phlebotomy following manufacturers' instructions. RESULTS: Using linear regression analysis, there was a very strong correlation (R = 0.991) between the overall CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts obtained by FACSCount and those obtained by Cyflow. When data analysis was stratified by study groups, there was a strong correlation between the FACSCount and Cyflow CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts from subjects in the three independent studies; Subtype C resistance (R2 = 0.987), Duke ART (R2 = 0.980) and KS (R2 = 0.994), Table 1. Using Bland-Altman plots, the overall, absolute CD4+ T lymphocytes obtained by the two methods were in excellent agreement (mean difference 1.21, 95% Confidence Interval {CI): -2.1 to 3.3). For the 0-250 CD4+ T-lymphocytes range, the CD4 counts obtained using FACSCount were also in good agreement with those obtained using Cyflow counter (mean difference = 2.6 cells/microL, 95% CI: -1.1 to 6.3). Similarly, in the 251-500 (mean difference 1.0, cells/microL, 95% CI: -3.7 to 5.6) and the 501-1200 (mean difference = 0.29 cells/microL, 95% CI: -8.1 to 8.7) CD4 T-lymphocytes range, good agreement was observed. CONCLUSION: The Cyflow counter is as accurate as the FACSCount in enumerating absolute CD4+ T-lymphocytes in the range 1-1200 cells/muL. Cyflow cytometry is relatively affordable, easy to use technology that is useful not only in identifying HIV seropositive individuals who require ART but also for monitoring immunologic responses to ART.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

A narrative view of art therapy and art making by women with breast cancer.

Art therapy (with an art therapist) and art making (without an art therapist) show promise as avenues for psychosocial support for women with breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to gain an in-depth understanding of how 17 women with breast cancer in Canada and the USA used art therapy and their own art making to address their psychosocial needs, focusing particularly on meaning making. Narrative analysis of interviews yielded four storylines: Art and Art Therapy as a Haven; Getting a Clearer View; Clearing the Way Emotionally; and Enhancing and Enlivening the Self. The storylines show existence being affirmed, confirmed and proclaimed through visual artistic expression and meaning making being achieved through physical acts of making.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2006

Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) in Canada: 2002 results from the Canadian ART Register.

OBJECTIVE: To present the success rates of assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles performed in 2002 in Canada. This is the second annual report of Canadian ART outcomes. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Twenty-one of 22 ART centers in Canada. PATIENT(S): Couples undergoing ART treatment in Canada during 2002. INTERVENTION(S): Assisted reproductive technology treatments, including IVF, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), frozen embryo transfer (FET), and oocyte donation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Clinical pregnancy, live birth, and multiple birth rates. RESULT(S): A total of 9,188 ART cycles was reported to the Canadian ART Register. There were 6,547 IVF/ICSI cycles using the woman's own oocytes. Per cycle started, the clinical pregnancy rate was 29.9% (36.0% per ET procedure) and the live birth rate was 23.8%; the multiple birth rate per delivery was 34.8%. Of cycles with oocytes retrieved, IVF was performed in 46% and ICSI in 54%; the outcomes were similar with the two procedures. There were 325 IVF/ICSI cycles using donor oocytes. The clinical pregnancy rate was 34.8% and the live birth rate was 24.6%; the multiple birth rate was 34.6%. There were 2,083 FET cycles using the woman's own oocytes. The clinical pregnancy rate was 20.9% and the live birth rate was 16.3%; the multiple birth rate was 25.2%. CONCLUSION(S): For 2002, the Canadian ART Register achieved 95% voluntary participation from Canadian ART centers. Clinical pregnancy and live birth rates comparable to those of other countries were achieved. Success rates were higher in 2002 than in the previous year.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The art of stained glass: metaphor for the art of nursing.

The aesthetic is a way of knowing the meaning of and the meaning in the art of nursing. The art of creating stained glass offers a personal metaphor for nursing's essence; the art of caring. Both arts aim to fulfil the potential of their subjects to achieve a harmony that goes beyond their individual components. Stained glass artistry and caring in nursing require technical expertise, yet technical skill and knowledge are not the substance of either art. Both transcend space and time, and the art of stained glass and the art of nursing are influenced by the artist's/nurse's personal, social and cultural history. Just as the artisan transforms the glass and lead and is transformed in the creative moment, so does the caring transaction transform both patient and nurse. This personal reflection explores the nature of caring in nursing as mirrored by the author's work with stained glass.

Art↗
PubMed1996

The development of visual preferences in art-trained and non-art-trained schoolchildren.

Measures of four dimensions of visual preference (preferences for symmetry, simplicity, uniformity, and expressiveness) and a standardized test of visual-arts achievement were administered to art-trained and non-art-trained children in kindergarten, Grade 3, Grade 7, and high school. The art and non-art groups were matched at the school level on family income, English-language and ethnic backgrounds, school attendance, and school neighborhoods. The results showed effects for age and instruction, but the effects for instruction did not increase after Grade 3. The relative independence of the visual-preference dimensions from visual arts learning suggests they may measure individual differences that take shape early in development and are related to visual arts performance.

Achievement↗
PubMed2005

Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) in Canada: 2001 results from the Canadian ART Register.

OBJECTIVE: To present the success rates of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) cycles performed in 2001 in Canada. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Nineteen of 22 ART centers in Canada. PARTICIPANTS: Couples undergoing ART treatment in Canada during 2001. METHODS: Data on each ART cycle performed during 2001 were submitted electronically to the Canadian ART Register (CARTR) by participating centers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Clinical pregnancy and live birth rate per cycle started, multiple birth rate. RESULT(S): A total of 7,884 ART cycles was reported to CARTR. There were 5,393 in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) cycles using the woman's own oocytes. Per cycle started, the pregnancy rate was 28.3%, and the live birth rate was 23.1%; the multiple birth rate per delivery was 32.8%. Of cycles with oocytes retrieved, IVF was performed in 44% and ICSI in 56%; the outcomes were similar with the two procedures. There were 301 IVF/ICSI cycles using donor oocytes. The pregnancy rate was 29.2%, and the live birth rate was 22.4%; the multiple birth rate was 43.5%. There were 1,936 frozen embryo transfer cycles using the woman's own oocytes. The pregnancy rate was 18.9%, and the live birth rate was 15.4%; the multiple birth rate was 24.9%. CONCLUSION(S): For 2001, CARTR achieved 86% voluntary participation from Canadian ART centers. Pregnancy and live birth rates comparable to those of other countries were achieved.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Are the 'hard' martial arts, such as the Korean martial art, TaeKwon-Do, of benefit to senior citizens?

Falls are a leading cause of death in the elderly. Associated with aging is a loss of muscular strength, flexibility, and coordination. Regular exercise is widely believed to be of benefit for the elderly. To this end, various exercise regimes have been employed to battle the associated problems of aging. One such has been the Chinese martial art, Tai Chi Chuan (TC). TC as an exercise system uses slow smooth movements to train the body in balance, endurance, and strength. For this reason, it is known as a 'soft' martial art, in that it is very non-impact oriented. There have been a variety of studies in the West examining the beneficial effects of TC. However, to date, there have been no studies with senior citizens using other martial arts, of which, TC is but one. The present study was designed to examine the appropriateness and effects of a Korean martial art known as TaeKwon-Do (TKD), a 'hard' martial art, on an elderly population measuring similar parameters reported for TC. Of those participants that attended >85% of classes, an increase was observed in the average number of push-ups, trunk flexion, and balance time on each foot. TKD proved effective at increasing one-leg balance in the population examined. Additionally, the overall dropout rate was extremely low suggesting both that the elderly are capable of participating in a hard martial art and that they have an interest in it as a viable alternative to other forms of exercise. The present study suggests that TKD as a form of exercise for an elderly population is both viable and potentially popular and warrants further study.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed2006

Mental health and arts participation: the state of the art in England.

Although participation in arts activity is believed to have important mental health and social benefits for people with mental health needs, the evidence base is currently weak. This article reports the first phase of a study intended to support the development of stronger evidence. Objectives for the first phase were to map current participatory arts activity, to identify appropriate indicators and to develop measures for use in the second phase of the research. A survey of participatory arts projects for people with mental health needs aged 16 to 65 in England, identified via the Internet and relevant organizations, was carried out to map the scale and scope of activity and to establish the nature of current approaches to evaluation. The results indicate that the scope of activity, in terms of projects' settings, referral sources, art forms and participation is impressively wide. In terms of scale, however, projects reported low funding and staffing levels that may have implications for the feasibility of routine evaluation in this field. Current approaches to evaluation were limited, but entailed considerable effort and ingenuity, suggesting that projects are keen to demonstrate their benefits. The survey has enabled us to build on the best evaluation practice identified to develop a measure for assessing the mental health, social inclusion and empowerment outcomes of arts participation for people with mental health needs. For the second phase of the study we will work with arts and mental health projects, using the measure alongside qualitative work in a realistic evaluation design, in order to identify the characteristics of effective projects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Art therapy in the psychiatric clinic. A historical analysis of the development of art studios].

The present study examines the building up of art classes in psychiatric hospitals in the thirties and forties of this century. Until 1950 the worldwide total of 34 art classes had come into being. The growing psychiatric interest in drawings of patients in the 19th century is related to changes in psychiatric theory moving from "moral treatment" to descriptive psychiatry at the turn of the century. All in all the installation of 11 artistic workshops for patients can be traced before the 1st world war. They were part of work therapy in german private clinics as a means to put patients of a higher social standing to a regular activity instead of field and garden work, which was medically indicated but socially unacceptable. During the course of development of a diagnostic interest since 1870 the drawings were all along considered to be the immediate expression of the patients inner world. Such a view had become possible, after in modern art the conceptions about the meaning of art had changed. Paradigmatically this connection can be shown in the work of Prinzhorn. First therapeutic attempts were then started by different psychoanalysts especially in the treatment of children. These formed an important basis for the establishment of art classes in psychiatric hospitals later on. Painting was now considered as a means to approach the hidden unconscious. The study continues to explain in which way the therapeutic applications of art therapy depended on the convergence of view points in esthetic and therapeutic theory.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Art Therapy↗
PubMed2005

Evaluation of antiretroviral therapy (ART)-related counselling in a workplace-based ART implementation programme, South Africa.

Counselling about antiretroviral therapy (ART) is thought important to prepare patients for treatment and enhance adherence. A workplace-based HIV care programme in South Africa instituted a three-step ART counselling protocol with guidelines prompting issues to be covered at each step. We carried out an early evaluation of ART counselling to determine whether patients understood key information about ART, and the perceptions that patients and health care professionals (HCP) had of the process. Among 40 patients (median time on ART 83 days), over 90% answered 6/7 HIV/ART knowledge-related questions correctly. 95% thought counselling sessions were good. 93% thought ongoing counselling was important. Recommendations included the need for continuing education about HIV/ART, being respectful, promoting HIV testing and addressing the issues of infected partners and stigma. 24 participating HCP identified additional training needs including counselling of family and friends, family planning, sexually transmitted infections and running support groups. 90% of HCP thought that counselling guidelines were helpful. The programme appears to be preparing patients well for ART. Counselling should be offered at every clinic visit. Counselling guidelines were a valuable tool and may be useful elsewhere. The evaluation helped to assess the quality of the programme and to suggest areas for improvement.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

The voice of art and the art of medicine. The 2002 presidential address.

Vincent van Gogh's life, letters, and art are the framework for this existential speech about the nature of alienation, as well as its threat to humanity and to the artful practice of medicine. The honest, human voice expressed in van Gogh's art stands in opposition to alienation, which occurs when we divide the world into two parts: the "perfect" world of science versus the "flawed" world of human experience. Bridging this divide allows for an "authentic" life, one which honestly defines itself and faces difficult human truths. The most difficult truth relates to our own mortality, but it must be faced if we are to understand the value of existence. Film clips from Woody Allen's Hannah and Her Sisters illustrate how an artist's portrayal of these issues can be both profound and humorous, and how art brings us closer to our own humanity and to the essence of medicine. Neurosurgeons are warned about the lure of science and technology as a substitute for purpose and meaning, both as physicians and as human beings. The role of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons is explored and found to offer neurosurgeons a bridge away from alienation and toward a neurosurgical community. Neurosurgeons are urged to find meaning through service to their profession and to find the voice and art of medicine. [Note: Actual film clips were used when this address was delivered. Unofficial transcripts of the clips have been included in this article so that the integrity of the speech would not be compromised.]

Art↗