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Results for “Arthus Reaction”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

The effect of shock on the inflammatory response. A reevaluation of the role of platelets in the active arthus reaction.

The active Arthus reaction can be inhibited by hypovolemic shock or the infusion of catecholamines. A reevalution of previous work with platelet antiserum indicates that shock rather than thrombocytopenia was responsible for preventing the active Arthus reaction. Immunofluorescent studies of the inhibited Arthus sites reveal that immune precipitates are not present in the extravascular tissues. Since leukocyte aggregates can be seen within venules at the inhibited sites, and they phagocytize BSA-anti-BSA complexes, their failure to migrate out of the vessels is due to the absence of complexes in the extravascular spaces. (Am J Pathol 78:159-170, 1975)

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Ultrastructural evidence for lack of tissue damage in a local immune complex reaction: a study of a mild passive Arthus reaction.

An electron microscopic study of a mild reversed passive Arthus reaction (RPAR) was performed using a horeradish peroxidase (HRP)-anti-HRP system to demonstrate the biological usefulness of the process which exists to clear tissue of immune complexes. To disclose the antigen, HRP, the biopsy material was subjected to a peroxidase reaction. HRP was mainly detected within irregular electron-dense precipitates which were considered insoluable HRP-anti-HRP immune complexes. Neutrophils were found to phagocytose and digest the deposited immune complexes in a similar way as described previously. But there was no vascular and other tissue damage. This study provides morphological evidence that the process of clearing tissues of immune complexes need not be harmful to the host.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An immunofluorescence study of the passive arthus reaction in rat sciatic nerve.

The Arthus reaction, passively induced in rat sciatic nerve by local injection of antibody and intravenous injection of antigen, was studied by immunofluorescence, using fluorescein and tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate. The reaction in nerve is similar to that occurring in skin. Antigen-antibody complexes formed at the site of the reaction activate complement and attract large numbers of polymorphonuclear leucocytes which then ingest the immune complexes. The significance of the Arthus reaction in relation to diseases of the peripheral nervous system is mentioned.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Comparison of the effect of various antisera and cobra venom factor on inflammatory reactions in guinea-pig skin. II. The Arthus reaction and the local Shwartzman reaction.

The ability of antisera to guinea-pig C3 to inhibit the Arthus and local Shwartzman reactions was studied. They were found to reduce the non-haemorrhagic component of the active and reversed passive Arthus reactions and to delay the appearance of the haemorrhage in the active Arthus reaction. Cobra venom factor, however, had no effect on the non-haemorrhagic components of these reactions and only delayed the appearance of the haemorrhage of the active Arthus reaction. There appeared to be a correlation between the serum complement level and the time taken for the haemorrhage to appear, and between the circulating platelet count and the extent of the non-haemorrhagic, oedematous component of the reaction. The haemorrhagic component of the local Shwartzman reaction was not affected by decomplementation with cobra venom factor. The ability of the antisera to inhibit the haemorrhage of the Shwartzman reaction was not dependent on lowering the serum complement titre. However, the haemorrhage was inhibited if the circulating platelet count was also reduced to very low numbers. Antiserum to zymosan alone had the same effect as anti-beta1C/beta1A globulin (zymosan) in blocking the reaction, although it did not alter the complement levels or the platelet counts. The possibility of an immunological cross-reactivity between zymosan and endotoxin in this action is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The effect of anti-inflammatory compounds on the biochemical changes in the Arthus reaction.

The effect of anti-inflammatory drugs on the biochemical changes in the Arthus reaction have been studied and correlated to changes in the pathology of the reaction. In the Arthus reaction all the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibited the migration of cells into the lesion and reduced the lysosomal enzyme concentration at the Arthus site. The steroids did not inhibit the cellular inflitration or the total lysosomal enzyme concentration in the skin but did reduce the concentration of cathepsin D in the oedema fluid. In addition, prednisolone and, to a lesser extent, hydrocortisone reduced the degree of oedema formation. The results suggest that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit the Arthus reaction by reducing the cellular infiltration whereas anti-inflammatory steroids act by preventing these cells secreting their lysosomal enzymes and thus causing tissue damage.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Light and immunofluorescent study of the Arthus reaction in the rabbit lung.

A localized Arthus reaction was produced in the lung of sensitized rabbits by delivery of antigen into a lower lobe bronchus using a method of selective bronchial catheterization under fluoroscopy. The rabbits were sensitized with bovine immunoglobulin G (B-IgG) in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) to produce precipitating antibody without classic delayed hypersensitivity. Pulmonary histopathology was studied at intervals following antigen challenge, using light and immunofluorescent microscopy. Gross lesions peripheral to the lower lobe bronchus receiving antigen were found within 12 hr. Subsequent necrosis resulted in a dense scar by 6 wk. Microscopically, early lesions were typified by localized bronchitis, bronchiolitis, alveolitis, and vasculitis with exuberant exudates containing predominantly polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Extensive focal necrosis was present by 72 hr. Immunofluorescent studies revealed the presence of B-IgG, rabbit IgG, and complement (C3) in and around bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, and vessels. No granulomatous lesions were found, and proliferation of alveolar lining cells was not detected in these studies. Thus, the lung can participate in an acute Arthus reaction following local antigen challenge in systemically sensitized animals. The pathology more closely resembles a necrotizing bacterial pneumonia than an interstitial or hypersensitivity pneumonitis under the conditions of this experimental system. Implications for human disease are speculative.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The Arthus reaction in rats, a possible test for anti-inflammatory and antiheumatic drugs.

The Arthus reaction is an immunologically induced inflammatory response characterized by immune complex deposition, complement fixation, polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration and tissue damage. Many of these same pathological tissue alterations are found in the lesions of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The similarities between the reversed passive Arthus reaction (RPAR) and RA led us to investigate the usefulness of the RPAR in the search for new antirheumatic agents. The RPAR was elicited in the skin of rats using chicken ovalbumin and the IgG fraction of rabbit anti-ovalbumin. Paramethasone, hydrocortisone, indomethacin, pirprofen, sulfinpyrazone, thalidomide and theophylline all gave significant inhibition of the RPAR. Ibuprofen, naproxen, cyprohepatadine and cromolyn sodium were inactive, while phenylbutazone and ASA exhibited a dose-dependent effect. The data show that the Arthus reaction, which is the result of the complex interaction of many factors, can be affected either generally or selectively at different time intervals by various therapeutic agents. The RPAR in rats may prove useful in detecting new therapeutic agents for the treatment of RA.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Anatomy of passive arthus reaction in the cornea. A preliminary communication.

Corneal changes in passive Arthus reaction are essentially the same as that reported to occur in active Arthus reaction and consist of accumulation of polymorphonuclear leucocytes around the deposits of immune complexes, release of lysosomes and fragmentation and dissolution of collagen fibrils. In addition, degenerative changes were found in the corneal endothelium and Descemet's membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The natural mediator for PMN emigration in inflammation. VIII. Production of leucoegresin-like chemotactic factor in reversed passive Arthus reactions in rats.

The mediation of tissue neutrophilia in the reversed passive Arthus reactions in rats was studied on extract from the skin lesions. Approximately 55 per cent of the neutrophil chemotactic activity in the reactions exhibiting a maximal tissue neutrophilia seemed to be associated with a leucoeresin-like chemotactic factor which can be absorbed by an immunoadsorbent chromatography with anti-rat IgG antibody. On the other hand, the neutrophil chemotactic activity, comparable to most of the remaining chemotactic activity, was reduced in complement-depleted conditions in which the intensity of tissue neutrophilia in the reactions was moderately decreased, suggesting a possible involvement of complement-derived chemotactic factors.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1975

Mechanism of action of colchicine. I. Effect of colchicine and its analogs on the reversed passive Arthus reaction and the carrageenan-induced hindpaw edema in the rat.

Colchicine and N-desacetyl-N-methylcolchicine suppressed both the reversed passive Arthus reaction and the carrageenan-induced edema in the rat. Colchicine, 2-desmethyl-colchicine glucoside and trimethylcolchicine acid had no effect on either model of inflammation. The ability or inability of these compounds to suppress the development of experimental inflammation correlated with their antimitotic activities. The findings lend support to the hypothesis that the anti-inflammatory and the antimitotic effects of colchicine may depend on the same basic, biophysical mechanism of action, i.e., the disruption of the microtubules.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1978

Protease inhibitors reduce the reverse passive Arthus reaction.

Trasylol, ovomucoid, tranexamic acid and soybean inhibitor decrease the vascular permeability as measured by extravasation of 131I-albumin when injected with the antibody at induction of a reverse passive Arthus reaction in the rat skin. Trasylol given systemically also had a suppressive effect, similar to phenylbutazone. When the reaction was induced in the pleural cavity, both Trasylol and tranexamic acid reduced the influx of leucocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Use of the reversed passive Arthus reaction as a test for anti-inflammatory agents.

The immune complex-induced reversed passive Arthus (RPA) reaction in the rabbit has been investigated as a screening test for detecting anti-inflammatory agents potentially more effective in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis than those presently available. RPA lesions, characterized by edema, erythema, and hemorrhage, were elicited by intravenous injections of bovine serum albumin (BSA) followed by intradermal injections of rabbit anti-BSA antiserum. The anti-edema activities of compounds (mg quantities required for testing) were evaluated after their administration by the intradermal route (compounds admixed with antiserum) as well as by the intraperitoneal route. Of 14 reference anti-inflammatory agents tested by the intradermal screening procedure, only aurothioglucose and chloroquine were inactive. Other pharmacologically active compounds (e.g. antihistamines, anti-complement agents, cytotoxic-immunosuppressives) were also evaluated after their intradermal administration. Protoporphyrin, phloretin, and hexadimethrine bromide (Polybrene) were active. When whole antiserum, or the antibody fraction of the serum, was used to eliminate nonspecific edema, intraperitoneally administered reference agents were found to be effective in the RPA test.

Animals↗