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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Culturally adapted post-diagnostic dementia support for South Asian people living with dementia and caregivers: a rapid review.

BACKGROUND: The number of minority ethnic people living with dementia (PLWD) in the UK is predicted to rise to 50 000 by 2026 and 172 000 by 2051. As the global population ages, there is a greater need to develop culturally appropriate post-diagnostic support for PLWD from minority ethnic backgrounds. METHODS: A rapid review was conducted of culturally adapted post-diagnostic dementia support for South Asian people with dementia and carers. Eight electronic databases were searched from inception until 16 September 2025. Databases included Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Excerpta Medica Database, MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Psychological Information, Turning Research Into Practice, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, Social Policy and Practice and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Two reviewers independently screened the studies. Consistent with rapid review methods, no formal quality assessment of included studies was undertaken. The rapid review adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines. RESULTS: Twelve studies were included. These included seven carer support programmes focusing on raising awareness and education on dementia and care. These interventions increased carers' knowledge of dementia and confidence in caregiving. Four studies reported on psychosocial interventions: Cognitive Stimulation Therapy, Cognitive Behaviour Therapy and Meditation Therapy, demonstrating benefits for caregiver burden and mental health. One study reported on service-level innovations through a South Asian link nurse, which improved access to services and facilitated the development of culturally appropriate information materials. CONCLUSION: The findings of this rapid review demonstrate the feasibility and perceived value of culturally sensitive psychoeducation, carer training and psychosocial interventions. However, research remains small-scale, methodologically limited, with little focus given to interventions directly supporting PLWD.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Immunogenetic diversity of two South Asian cohorts: From Pakistan and India.

Having critical roles in immune defense and reproduction, killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and their human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I ligands are encoded by the most polymorphic regions in the human genome. South Asia comprises over one quarter of the global population and harbors rich genomic diversity. Limiting our understanding of population-specific variation and disease susceptibility, high-resolution immunogenetic studies of South Asian ancestry individuals are lacking. Here, we characterize KIR and HLA class I diversity in two South Asian cohorts: sampling an urban population from Karachi, Pakistan (n = 79), and a Dravidian-speaking Yadav population from southern India (n = 70). Targeted sequencing identified 151 distinct KIR alleles across 13 genes, including 11 previously uncharacterized allotypes. Over 75% of the genotypes were KIR-Bx. We identified 98 HLA class I alleles and extensive haplotypic diversity, with all major KIR binding motifs represented, and a mean of seven potential inhibitory KIR-HLA interactions per individual (6.6 in Karachi, 7.4 in Yadav). Together, these results demonstrate substantial immunogenetic diversity and population-specific KIR and HLA variation within the two studied cohorts. This study expands knowledge of KIR and HLA diversity and offers a framework for further evolutionary and disease-focused in South Asia.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

[Analysis of a Chinese pedigree affected with Townes-Brocks syndrome due to a novel variant of SALL1 gene and a literature review].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze a novel exonic variant of the SALL1 gene and its impact on the binding site of SALL protein. METHODS: Clinical data of three children diagnosed with Townes-Brocks syndrome and their family members who had presented at the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University in April 2022 were retrospectively collected. The pathogenic variant was identified through whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and validated by Sanger sequencing. Protein structural prediction was performed using AlphaFold and PyMOL software to construct three-dimensional models of the wild-type and mutant proteins. Additionally, previously reported cases were systematically reviewed. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the hospital (Ethics No.: 2023-386). RESULTS: The proband was one of triplet sisters born at 34+4 gestational weeks. All three cases had presented with anal atresia and rectovaginal fistula, and case 3 also had toe malformation of left foot. WGS revealed a novel heterozygous c.757C>T (p.Gln253*) variant in the SALL1 gene, which was predicted to be pathogenic. Sanger sequencing confirmed co-segregation of the variant with the disease within the family. Protein structural modeling demonstrated that the variant has introduced a premature stop codon at position 253, resulting in a truncated protein. CONCLUSION: Above finding has enriched the mutation spectrum of the SALL1 gene in association with Townes-Brocks syndrome, which also represented a rare case of anal atresia in triplets, and provided a basis for molecular diagnosis, genetic counseling, and further research.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Efficacy and Safety of iGlarLixi Versus IDegAsp by Baseline Age, Disease Duration and HbA1c in Chinese People With Type 2 Diabetes: Post Hoc Analyses of the Soli-D Study.

AIMS: To compare the efficacy and safety of insulin glargine 100&#x2009;U/mL plus lixisenatide (iGlarLixi) with insulin degludec plus insulin aspart (IDegAsp) by baseline age, Type 2 diabetes (T2D) duration and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in the Soli-D study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In Soli-D, Chinese adults with T2D suboptimally controlled on oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) were randomized to iGlarLixi or IDegAsp for 24&#x2009;weeks. These post hoc analyses evaluated glycaemic efficacy, insulin dose, body weight and hypoglycaemia outcomes in subgroups defined by baseline age (<&#x2009;65, &#x2265;&#x2009;65&#x2009;years), T2D duration (<&#x2009;10, &#x2265;&#x2009;10&#x2009;years) and HbA1c (&#x2265;&#x2009;7% to &#x2264;&#x2009;8% [&#x2265;&#x2009;53 to &#x2264;&#x2009;64&#x2009;mmol/mol], >&#x2009;8% to &#x2264;&#x2009;9% [>&#x2009;64 to &#x2264;&#x2009;75&#x2009;mmol/mol], >&#x2009;9% [>&#x2009;75&#x2009;mmol/mol]). RESULTS: Among 582 participants (iGlarLixi n&#x2009;=&#x2009;291; IDegAsp n&#x2009;=&#x2009;291), baseline age was <&#x2009;65&#x2009;years in 442 and &#x2265;&#x2009;65&#x2009;years in 140; T2D duration was <&#x2009;10&#x2009;years in 366 and &#x2265;&#x2009;10&#x2009;years in 216; and HbA1c was &#x2265;&#x2009;7% to &#x2264;&#x2009;8% in 205, >&#x2009;8% to &#x2264;&#x2009;9% in 209 and >&#x2009;9% in 168. At Week 24, HbA1c reductions were greater with iGlarLixi versus IDegAsp, with no treatment-by-subgroup interactions for baseline age, T2D duration or HbA1c. Change in other glycaemic outcomes, insulin dose and body weight generally showed no interaction across subgroups. Total insulin daily doses during treatment and hypoglycaemia event rates were consistently lower with iGlarLixi versus IDegAsp in all subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: iGlarLixi provides improved glycaemic control at lower insulin doses with reduced risk of hypoglycaemia in Chinese adults with suboptimally controlled T2D on OADs, regardless of baseline age, disease duration or HbA1c.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Cancer statistics for Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander people, 2026.

BACKGROUND: Cancer statistics for Asian American and Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI) people are usually aggregated, masking substantial variation within this heterogeneous population. Herein, the American Cancer Society reports cancer incidence and survival for 8 Asian American and 3 NHPI ethnic groups. METHODS: The authors used population-based cancer registry data from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program, for Asian American and NHPI ethnic groups from 2000 through 2022. RESULTS: During 2018-2022, overall cancer incidence ranged from 218.3 per 100,000 Kampuchean people to 474.5 per 100,000 Native Hawaiian people, which was 1.5 times higher than the rate for the aggregated Asian American and NHPI population (307.3 per 100,000). High incidence among Native Hawaiian people is largely driven by the highest rates of female breast, colorectal, and prostate cancers, whereas infection-related cancers were highest among Asian American ethnic groups. For example, liver and stomach cancer incidence is highest among Vietnamese (22.2 per 100,000) and Korean people (17.8 per 100,000), respectively, both of which were nearly twice that in Native Hawaiian people (12.9 and 9.6 per 100,000, respectively). Native Hawaiian and Samoan women are twice and 3 times as likely, respectively, to be diagnosed with uterine corpus cancer as aggregated Asian American and NHPI women or White women. Five-year relative survival ranges from 42% in Laotians to 74% in Asian Indians/Pakistanis, with largest differences for colorectal (43% in Laotians to 72% in Asian Indians/Pakistanis) and prostate (63% in Kampucheans to 97% in Japanese) cancers. CONCLUSIONS: Wide variation in cancer risk within the Asian American and NHPI population highlights the critical need for disaggregated data to effectively target cancer prevention and control interventions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

A Phase I Study Assessing the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Yinfenidone: A Novel, Potent Drug for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Treatment in Healthy Chinese Subjects.

PURPOSE: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal interstitial lung disease with a median survival of only 2-3 years after diagnosis. Yinfenidone (HEC585) possesses the potential to inhibit the proliferation of pulmonary fibroblasts, making it a promising candidate for the treatment of IPF. This study assessed the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and metabolic profile of Yinfenidone hydrochloride capsule in healthy Chinese subjects. METHODS: This single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single ascending-dose trial included seven dose groups(20, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600, and 800 mg). Each group enrolled8 healthy subjects: 6 received Yinfenidone hydrochloride capsules and 2 received matching placebo under fasting conditions. Serial pharmacokinetic (PK) blood samples were collected pre-dose and post-dose, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze the plasma concentrations of Yinfenidone. Additionally, metabolic biotransformation of Yinfenidone in plasma were conducted in the 100 mg dose group. Safety and tolerability endpoints were monitored via physical examinations, vital signs measurements, clinical laboratory tests, 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG), and adverse events (AEs) documentation throughout the trial. FINDINGS: Yinfenidone was rapidly absorbed, with a median maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) of 1.8-3.0 hours, and had a mean half-life (t1/2) ranging from 31.9 to 62.0 hours. Within the 20-100 mg dose range, systemic drug exposure generally increased with ascending dose, above 100 mg, exposure increased less than proportionally to dose. Metabolite profiling in the 100 mg group revealed that the parentcompound predominated in plasma, with metabolic pathways including mono-oxygenation and N-dealkylation. All reported AEswere mild, classified as Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.03 grade 1. No serious AEs observed; no subject discontinued the trial due to AEs. Single oral doses of 20-800 mg Yinfenidone hydrochloride capsules administered under fasting conditions demonstrated favorable safety and tolerability profiles in healthy Chinese subjects. IMPLICATIONS: Yinfenidone exhibited rapid absorption (median Tmax, 1.8-3.0 hours) and a long terminal t1/2 ranging from 31.9 to 62.0 hours in this single ascending-dose study, indicating that Yinfenidone can be taken once a day in subsequent clinical studies. Yinfenidone mainly exists in human plasma as the original drug and is metabolized through a variety of metabolic pathways. The AEs observed with Yinfenidone in this study, such as diarrhea, nausea, and dizziness, were similar to those reported with pirfenidone. Overall, Yinfenidone demonstrated a favorable safety and tolerability profile in this cohort of healthy subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

Efficacy and Safety of the Dual Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 and Glucagon Receptor Agonist Mazdutide in Predominantly Chinese Adults With Obesity and/or Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

AIM: To assess the effects of mazdutide on body weight, HbA1c, metabolic outcomes, and adverse events in adults with overweight/obesity and/or type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing mazdutide with placebo or active comparators in adults with overweight/obesity and/or T2D, identified through PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov to 20 February 2026. Co-primary outcomes were percent change in body weight and change in HbA1c. Secondary outcomes included other weight-related and metabolic outcomes, as well as safety. Random-effects models were used to generate pooled mean differences (MDs) or risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals, and the certainty of the evidence (COE) was assessed using GRADE. RESULTS: Nine RCTs (N&#x2009;=&#x2009;2292; most with low risk of bias) were included. In overweight/obesity without diabetes, mazdutide 3, 4, and 6&#x2009;mg reduced body weight more than placebo (MDs -6.56%, -9.92%, and -11.1%, respectively; very low COE due to substantial heterogeneity and few trials). In T2D, mazdutide 4 and 6&#x2009;mg reduced body weight and HbA1c versus placebo (moderate COE) and also outperformed dulaglutide for both outcomes. Mazdutide also improved waist circumference, lipids, liver enzymes, and uric acid levels. Gastrointestinal adverse events were more frequent, but serious adverse events and treatment discontinuation rates were comparable with those of the comparators. CONCLUSIONS: Mazdutide was associated with dose-dependent reductions in body weight and HbA1c, with broader metabolic benefits in predominantly Chinese adults with obesity and/or T2D. Longer-term, multi-ethnic studies are needed to confirm durability, generalizability, and cardiovascular safety.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

[Optical genome mapping analysis of a Chinese pedigree with a complex balanced translocation involving four chromosomes].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the genetic characteristics of a complex balanced translocation involving four non-homologous chromosomes in a Chinese pedigree using optical genomic mapping (OGM). METHODS: A woman with primary infertility and her family members who presented at the Prenatal Diagnosis Center of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University in October 2021 were selected as study subjects. Comprehensive analysis and verification of chromosomal abnormalities were conducted through conventional G-band karyotyping analysis, single nucleotide polymorphism microarray (SNP array) and OGM. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the hospital (Ethics No.: E2022210). RESULTS: G-band karyotyping analysis indicated that the proband, her father, and younger brother have all carried a complex translocation involving four chromosomes. SNP array analysis revealed a duplication of approximately 21.63 Mb in the 9p24.1-p21.1 region in the proband's younger brother, while no abnormality was detected in other family members. OGM confirmed that the complex balanced translocation has involved chromosomes 5, 8, 9, and 10. CONCLUSION: The proband has harbored a complex balanced translocation. OGM has demonstrated certain advantages in characterization of complex chromosomal structural abnormalities.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Health and disease in unacculturated Amerindian populations.

The stereotype of uncontacted tribal populations is that they must reproduce at near capacity to maintain or slightly increase their numbers. This paper argues that the health of minimally contacted Amerindians, as judged by the results of physical examinations and life tables for the Yanomama of Southern Venezuela and Northern Brazil, is relatively good, with population control a feature of the Indian culture. It is further argued that the usual deterioration in health with contacts with western culture probably does not result so much from special innate susceptibilities to certain epidemic diseases and to the diets and 'stresses' of civilization as from the epidemiological characteristics of newly contacted peoples.

Acculturation↗
PubMed2025

Whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants.

Whole-genome sequencing provides an unbiased and complete view of the human genome and enables the discovery of genetic variation without the technical limitations of other genotyping technologies. Here we report on whole-genome sequencing of 490,640 UK Biobank participants, building on previous genotyping effort1. This advance deepens our understanding of how genetics associates with disease biology and further enhances the value of this open resource for the study of human biology and health. Coupling this dataset with rich phenotypic data, we surveyed within- and cross-ancestry genomic associations and identified novel genetic and clinical insights. Although most associations with disease traits were primarily observed in individuals of European ancestries, strong or novel signals were also identified in individuals of African and Asian ancestries. With the improved ability to accurately genotype structural variants and exonic variation in both coding and UTR sequences, we strengthened and revealed novel insights relative to whole-exome sequencing2,3 analyses. This dataset, representing a large collection of whole-genome sequencing&#xa0;data that is available to the UK Biobank research community, will enable advances of our understanding of the human genome, facilitate the discovery of diagnostics and&#xa0;therapeutics with higher efficacy and improved safety profile, and enable precision medicine strategies with the potential to improve global health.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Frequency of systemic lupus erythematosus in different ethnic groups in Hawaii.

A survey of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients was conducted in civilian general hospitals on Oahu, Hawaii for the years 1970-75. One hundred sixty-eight cases were ascertained, of which 107 were considered "definite." Age-adjusted prevalence rates per 100,000 were estimated for definite cases at the end of 1975 as follows: white 5.8, Chinese 24.1, Filipino 19.9, part-Hawaiian 20.4, and Japanese 18.2. There was a heavy preponderance of females in each ethnic group, averaging 90% of the definite cases overall. Review of vital statistics for the United States and Hawaii during this period showed age-adjusted SLE mortality rates per million as follows: U.S. white 3.04, U.S. non-white 8.82, Hawaii white 1.89, Hawaii non-white 14.46. The cause of the very high SLE prevalence and mortality in the Oriental and Polynesian people of Hawaii is not clear.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Seroepidemiology of rubella infection in Chinese and Caucasians in Hong Kong.

The seroepidemiology of rubella infection in Hong Kong Chinese was examined by haemagglutination inhibition of normal sera and a comparison made where feasible with Caucasians living in Hong Kong. Taking reciprocal titre of 20 as a baseline, the incidence of maternally acquired antibody was 84% for Chinese and 90% for Caucasians. In babies up to 2 months this incidence was maintained in Caucasians but declined to 54% in Chinese. High titre antibody was more frequently detected in Caucasians generally, including women of child-bearing age. The detection of rubella-specific IgM in the Caucasian babies was suggestive of recent maternal infection. However, fewer Caucasian (20%) than Chinese (36%) women of child-bearing age (15-40 years) appeared unprotected against rubella. When all age groups were considered, 88% of Caucasians and 53% of Chinese were seropositive. The occurrence of a rubella outbreak during the study did not give rise to a significant increase in the incidence of seropositivity in Chinese 19-25 years, the only age group able to be evaluated in this manner. The ethnic differences in seroepidemiology are considered in the light of known HLA-1 and HLA-8 antigen distributions in Caucasian and Mongoloid people and the apparently low incidence of congenitally acquired rubella in Chinese.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Levels of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity in Japanese people.

Levels of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activitiy in a sample of Japanese people were determined. Blood samples were taken from new-born infants, preschool children, young and old people who had no apparent diseases and also from three anemic patients. Erythrocyte SOD activities in different age groups had a nearly normal distribution. Females had slightly lower activities than males, although the difference was statistically insignificant. The distributions of SOD activities were 12.6 +/- 2.7 (m +/- SD) unit/mg Hb in young people and 11.4 +/- 3.0 in old people, indicating that erythrocyte SOD activity falls with aging. Because of low concentration of hemoglobin, SOD activities of old people expressed as unit/ml blood were much lower than in young people. Three anemic patients had slightly lower SOD activity (unit/mg Gb), but the difference was not significant.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Scrub typhus: a common cause of illness in indigenous populations.

An explanation was sought for the disparity between the low reported incidence of scrub typhus and the high prevalence of antibody to Rickettsia tsutsugamushi in the rural population of Malaysia. A combination of isolation of the organism, titration of antibody by indirect immunofluorescence, and the Weil-Felix test was used to confirm infections. Scrub typhus was found to be very common, causing 23% of all febrile illnesses at one hospital. The infection was particularly prevalent in oil-palm workers, causing an estimated 400 cases annually in a population of 10,000 people living on one plantation. The clinical syndrome, whether mild or severe, was difficult to distinguish from that due to other infections. Eschars, rashes and adenopathy were uncommon. When used to examine early sera, the Weil-Felix test failed to confirm the diagnosis in most infections.20

Adolescent↗