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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Failure and fatigue characteristics of adhesive athletic tape.

PURPOSE: Athletic tape has been commonly reported to lose much of its structural support after 20 min of exercise. Although many studies have addressed the functional performance characteristics of athletic tape, its mechanical properties are poorly understood. This study examines the failure and fatigue properties of several commonly used athletic tapes. METHODS: A Web-based survey of professional sports trainers was used to select the following three tapes for the study: Zonas (Johnson & Johnson), Leukotape (Beiersdorf), and Jaylastic (Jaybird & Mais). Using a hydraulic material testing system (MTS), eight samples of each tape were compared in three different mechanical tests: load-to-failure, fatigue testing under load control, and fatigue testing under displacement control. Differences in tape microstructure were used to interpret the results of the mechanical tests. RESULTS: Significant differences (P < 0.001) in failure load, elongation at failure, and stiffness were found from failure tests. Significant differences were also found (P < 0.001) in fatigue behavior under both modes of control. As a representative example, in one normalized displacement control fatigue test after 20 min of cycling, 21% (Zonas), 29% (Leukotape), and 57% (Jaylastic) of the mechanical support was lost. After cycling, all tapes loaded to failure showed increased stiffness (P < 0.001), indicating significant energy absorption during cycling. Observed differences in the tapes' microstructure were qualitatively consistent with the measured differences in their mechanical properties. CONCLUSION: In understanding the shortcomings of currently available tapes, the results of these tests can now be used as benchmarks with which to compare and develop future tape designs. Ultimately, these improved tapes should reduce ankle injuries among athletes.

Adhesives↗
PubMed2004

Effects of athletic taping of the fetlock on distal limb mechanics.

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Athletic taping is used frequently by human athletes to stabilise, maintain or strengthen soft tissue structures, but empirical evidence supporting any changes in equine kinematics is lacking. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of athletic taping of the fetlock applied by an experienced athletic trainer on forelimb mechanics in healthy horses. HYPOTHESES: That athletic taping of the distal forelimb reduces 1) hyperextension of the fetlock joint during stance, 2) flexion of the fetlock joint during swing and 3) ground reaction forces during stance. METHODS: Ground reaction force and kinematic data were obtained for 6 healthy horses trotting at 3 m/sec for 4 sequential conditions (baseline, untaped; pre-exercise, taped; post exercise, taped post 30 mins trotting exercise; transfer, 4 h after tape removal). Data were analysed using 2-way mixed ANOVAs (condition; joint). RESULTS: A statistically significant interaction was identified for the fetlock during the swing phase (mean +/- s.d. peak flexion at baseline 157 +/- 4 degrees, reduced with taping to 172 +/- 4 degrees; P<0.05) compared with no differences across conditions for the other joints. Peak vertical force reduced significantly (P<0.05) with taping. CONCLUSIONS: Athletic taping of the fetlock does not alter the kinematics of the forelimb during stance, but does limit flexion of the fetlock during the swing phase. The decreased peak vertical force may be due to an increased proprioceptive effect. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Reduced peak vertical forces may be of benefit in preventing or reducing injury. Further investigation remains necessary before it can be concluded that taping should be applied for tendinous or ligamentous rehabilitation in equine patients.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2006

Development of content-valid technical skill assessment instruments for athletic taping skills.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The content validity of technical skill assessment instruments (TSAI) for the skills of athletic taping has not been reported. The purpose of this paper is to outline and present the process of content validation for nine TSAIs for athletic taping. Local and national validators were selected from Canadian Athletic Therapists' Association (CATA)-accredited athletic therapy (AT) programs to serve as content validators. METHODS: The process of content validation began with the creation of a detailed task analysis via mail and simple validation by local validators. Subsequently, the detailed task analysis was committee validated by a group of 10 validators from across Canada. Validators judged the importance and difficulty of each item, and a face-to-face committee-validator meeting established consensus on the majority of checklist items. Through a modified Ebel procedure, frequency distribution was used in the formation of the final TSAIs. RESULTS: Initial consensus for pre-taping assessment and technical skill performance items was low. Upon committee discussion and lack of agreement, the decision to remove pretaping assessment items was made. Initial results of importance and difficulty for athletic taping technical skills were low prior to the committee meeting. Results of importance and difficulty improved substantially following the face-to-face committee-validators meeting. Consensus on fail points improved from initial to final committee validation. CONCLUSION: The process of simple and committee validation can be seen as effective methods to establish the content validity of instruments used for the evaluation of athletic taping.

Alberta↗
PubMedDate not supplied

What best protects the inverted weightbearing ankle against further inversion? Evertor muscle strength compares favorably with shoe height, athletic tape, and three orthoses.

We measured the maximal isometric eversion moment developed under full weightbearing in 20 healthy adult men (age, 24.4 +/- 3.4 years; mean +/- SD) with their ankles in 15 degrees of inversion. Tests were performed at both 0 degree and 32 degrees of ankle plantar flexion in low- and in three-quarter-top shoes with and without adhesive athletic tape or one of three proprietary ankle orthoses. At 0 degree of ankle plantar flexion, the mean maximal voluntary resistance of the unprotected ankle to an inversion moment was 50 +/- 8 N-m; this increased by an average of 12% (or 6 N-m) when the subject wore a three-quarter-top basketball shoe. The maximal voluntary resistances to inversion moments developed with the ankles further protected by athletic tape or any of three orthoses were not significantly different. Biomechanical calculations suggest that at 15 degrees of inversion the fully active ankle evertor muscles isometrically developed a moment up to six times larger than that developed when an athlete wears a three-quarter-top shoe alone and more than three times larger than that developed passively when the athlete has tape or an orthosis worn inside a three-quarter-top shoe. We conclude that fully activated and strong ankle evertor muscles are the best protection for a near-maximally inverted ankle at footstrike.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Changes in ankle joint proprioception resulting from strips of athletic tape applied over the skin.

OBJECTIVE: In part, the believed effectiveness of taping in preventing injuries may be in the increased proprioception that it provides through stimulation of cutaneous mechanoreceptors. The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of strips of athletic tape applied over the skin of the ankle in improving ankle joint movement and position perception. DESIGN AND SETTING: The study consisted of a single-group, repeated-measures design, where all subjects were tested under all conditions presented in a fully randomized order. Testing was performed in the biomechanics laboratory at Marquette University. SUBJECTS: Twenty healthy males (mean age = 20.3 +/- 1.5 yr) participated in this study. MEASUREMENTS: Ankle joint movement and position perception for plantar flexion and dorsiflexion were tested using a specially designed apparatus. Each individual was tested with and without two 12.7-cm (5-inch) strips of tape applied in a distal-proximal direction directly to the skin in front of and behind the subject's talocrural joint. RESULTS: Data were analyzed with repeated-measures analyses of variance (ANOVA) models. Our results indicate that under the nonweightbearing condition, taping significantly improved (p < .05) the ability of the subjects to perceive ankle joint position, especially for a 10 degrees plantar-flexed position. In the weightbearing condition, the use of tape did not significantly alter (p > .05) the ability of the subjects to perceive ankle position. Similarly, taping did not alter ankle movement perception in either the weightbearing or nonweightbearing condition (p > .05). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that increased cutaneous sensory feedback provided by strips of athletic tape applied across the ankle joint of healthy individuals can help improve ankle joint position perception in nonweightbearing, especially for a midrange plantar-flexed ankle position.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of exercise, prewrap, and athletic tape on the maximal active and passive ankle resistance of ankle inversion.

This investigation explored alternatives to the null hypotheses that maximal active and passive resistance to inversion developed by a near-maximally inverted and weightbearing ankle is not altered by 1) the use of prophylactic adhesive athletic tape, 2) the use of non-adhesive prewrap (underwrap), or 3) 40 minutes of vigorous exercise. Ten healthy men and 10 healthy women (mean age, 25 +/- 3 years) with no recent ankle injuries underwent testing to determine maximal ankle resistance to inversion under unipedal, weightbearing conditions. Tests were performed with and without the support of athletic tape, and before and after 40 minutes of exercise. Half the testing sessions were performed with prewrap under the tape. At 15 degrees of inversion, without any external ankle support, healthy young men and women could maximally resist a mean (SD) inversion moment of 52.9 (6.4) N-m and 28.3 (5.8) N-m, respectively. Although use of ankle tape provided a 10% increase in maximal resistance to inversion moments, this increase diminished to insignificant levels after 40 minutes of vigorous exercise. Use of prewrap improved maximal resistance to inversion by more than 10%.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Allergic contact dermatitis from para-tertiary-butylphenol-formaldehyde resin (PTBP-FR) in athletic tape and leather adhesive.

4 girls with severe allergic contact dermatitis from a brand of athletic tape and a cobbler with allergic contact dermatitis from leather adhesive are presented. Alkylphenol resin with unknown chemical structure had been compounded in both products. One of the girls developed foot dermatitis later from the adhesive used on the inside of new sneakers. By patch testing and chemical analysis of alkylphenol resin and the products, the 5 patients were given a specific diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis from PTBP-FR.

Adhesives↗
PubMed1993

Effectiveness of functional ankle taping for judo athletes: a comparison between judo bandaging and taping.

This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of the traditional method of ankle bandaging and the new method of ankle taping for judo athletes in Japan, and to introduce a functionally effective taping method for judo players. Four university judo athletes with ankle instability were selected to undertake radiography of the ankles before and after exercise, with bandaging at one time and taping at the other. Talar tilt (TT) angles were measured in order to compare the ankle-supporting effects. The results showed that the old ankle bandaging method had no role in eliminating the talar tilt during judo practice. In contrast, the new taping method was more effective in eliminating the talar tilt and supporting the involved ankles both mechanically and functionally.

Ankle Injuries↗
PubMed1997

Role of ankle taping and bracing in the athlete.

Adhesive tape is often used to help athletes recover from ligament sprains of the ankle or to prevent further injury. The choice of taping technique or material is often decided by personal preference, superstition, or anecdote. More recently, the use of ankle braces has become more prevalent, but reasons for their use are similarly variable. As ankle sprains are a major cause of an athlete's disability and time off sport, the choice of the method of support should be more scientifically reasoned. This paper attempts to review the literature concerning the effects of various methods of ankle support on swelling, stability, range of movement, proprioception, muscle function, gait, and performance tests. There is still some contradiction in the literature about the effects of taping and braces in both the acute and chronic phases of ligament sprains of the ankle.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of support provided by a semirigid orthosis and adhesive ankle taping before, during, and after exercise.

The purpose of this study was to compare the relative effectiveness of athletic taping and a semirigid orthosis in providing inversion-eversion range restriction before, during, and after a 3 hour volleyball practice. The effect of each support method on the subjects' vertical jumping ability was also assessed. Fourteen ankles were treated with both methods of support. Passive inversion-eversion range of motion was measured on an ankle stability test instrument during five testing sessions: 1) before support, 2) before exercise, 3) 20 minutes during exercise, 4) 60 minutes during exercise, and 5) after exercise. The two-way analysis of variance and posthoc comparisons revealed maximal losses in taping restriction for both inversion and eversion at 20 minutes into exercise. The orthosis demonstrated no mechanical restrictive failure until before and after exercise comparisons were made, and then only eversion range of motion was compromised. Neither support system affected subjects' vertical jumping ability. These results suggest that the semirigid orthosis may be more effective than taping in providing initial ankle protection and in guarding against ligamentous reinjury.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Kinesio taping in stroke: improving functional use of the upper extremity in hemiplegia.

The purpose of this article is to present the Kinesio taping method used to improve the upper extremity function in the adult with hemiplegia. The article discusses various therapeutic methods used in the treatment of stroke patients to achieve a functional upper extremity. The only taping technique for various upper extremity conditions that has been described in the literature is the athletic taping technique. In this article, some interpretation is offered on proper assessment of the nonfunctional upper extremity, including the emphasis on postural alignment, trunk control, and scapula alignment. The Kinesio taping method in conjunction with other therapeutic interventions may facilitate or inhibit muscle function, support joint structure, reduce pain, and provide proprioceptive feedback to achieve and maintain preferred body alignment. Restoring trunk and scapula alignment after the stroke is critical in an effective treatment program for the upper extremity in hemiplegia.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Furunculosis in a high school football team.

An outbreak of Staphylococcus aureus furuncles (boils) occurred among 26 members of a central Illinois high school football team. A total of 55 boils were reported with a diameter of induration ranging from 0.25 to 6 inches (mean = 1.25 inches). Eighty-nine percent of the boils were located on the extremities, and 70% were known to have developed following a bruise or break in the skin. The development of boils was associated with prior bruises and open wounds. Use of skin lubricant, elbow and forearm pads, whirlpool bath, and athletic tape were also associated with the development of boils, but were not judged to be causal. Rather, these factors most likely reflected attempts to protect areas of compromised skin which were at high risk of developing boils. Lack of hot water and soap for showering may have facilitated the occurrence of the outbreak by discouraging players from showering. Other variables examined, but excluded as important factors, were the sharing of football pads, the sharing of towels, the laundering of athletic clothes, and the position played on the football team.

Contusions↗
PubMed2005

Protective equipment use among female rugby players.

OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to assess the prevalence of protective equipment use and the motivation for using protective equipment among a sample of US female rugby players. DESIGN/METHODS: We surveyed a convenience sample of 234 current US female rugby players from 14 teams participating in a US women's rugby tournament, obtaining self-reported demographic, rugby exposure, and protective equipment use information. RESULTS: Mouthguards were the most commonly used piece of protective equipment: 90.8% of players reported having always worn a mouthguard while playing or practicing rugby within their most recent 3 months of play. Fewer than 15% of players reported having always worn other types of protective equipment. Equipment use varied by playing position. Whereas over 80% of players in all other positions always wore a mouthguard, 66.7% of scrum halves reported always wearing one. Both backs and forwards reported wearing shoulder pads, but only forwards reported always wearing padded headgear. Mouthguards, padded headgear, and shoulder pads were worn "to prevent injury," whereas ankle braces, neoprene sleeves, and athletic tape on joints were worn "to protect a current/recent injury." CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study of female rugby players to assess the prevalence of protective equipment use by playing position and the motivation for using protective equipment. With the exception of mouthguards, US female rugby players infrequently use protective equipment. Protective equipment use varies by playing position. Some types of protective equipment appear to be used as primary prevention mechanisms, whereas others are used as secondary or tertiary prevention mechanisms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

"Custom-fit" versus "off-the-shelf" ACL functional braces.

Many sports medicine practitioners believe "custom-fit" functional braces are superior in performance to "off-the-shelf" braces for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient knees. However, this is not well substantiated. This study compares a Donjoy custom-fit ACL brace (CE 2000), Donjoy off-the-shelf brace (Goldpoint), and an athletic taping technique to determine their role in our clinical practice. Five patients (3 men and 2 women) with isolated, unilateral, chronic ACL tears with an average age of 27 years (range: 19-35 years) were used to evaluate these three restraint systems. Anterior tibial laxity, quadriceps and hamstrings strength, endurance, standing long jump, brace migration with exercise, and pattern of muscle response to forced anterior tibial displacement were studied. Each patient was tested without a brace and then in each of the three test conditions (custom brace, off-the-shelf brace, and tape), with the order of testing randomized. The Donjoy custom-fit ACL functional brace did not reduce anterior laxity or improve standing long jump, muscle strength, endurance, or muscle response times significantly more than the off-the-shelf ACL brace. Both braces improved anterior stability over knee taping when the knee muscles were contracted under the low forces used in this study. After 1 hour of exercise, brace migration was significantly greater (P=.03) for the CE-2000 custom brace (18.6 mm) than for the Goldpoint off-the-shelf brace (4.5 mm). There appears to be no advantage to the more expensive custom-fit knee brace over the off-the-shelf brace.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Practical methods of preventing ankle injuries.

Each year ankle sprains account for a significant degree of disability and expense. Thus, it is important that family physicians become familiar with methods of preventing ankle sprains. Both internal and external methods prevent ankle injuries. Internal methods include improving flexibility, strength and proprioception; effective external methods of ankle protection include using athletic tape, lace-up stabilizers and semirigid orthoses.

Ankle Injuries↗