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Results for “Atlases as Topic”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

HealthCyberMap: a semantic visual browser of medical Internet resources based on clinical codes and the human body metaphor.

OBJECTIVES: HealthCyberMap (HCM-http://healthcybermap.semanticweb.org) is a web-based service for healthcare professionals and librarians, patients and the public in general that aims at mapping parts of the health information resources in cyberspace in novel ways to improve their retrieval and navigation. METHODS AND SERVICE DESCRIPTION: HCM adopts a clinical metadata framework built upon a clinical coding ontology for the semantic indexing, classification and browsing of Internet health information resources. A resource metadata base holds information about selected resources. HCM then uses GIS (Geographic Information Systems) spatialization methods to generate interactive navigational cybermaps from the metadata base. These visual cybermaps are based on familiar medical metaphors. CONCLUSIONS: HCM cybermaps can be considered as semantically spatialized, ontology-based browsing views of the underlying resource metadata base. Using a clinical coding scheme as a metric for spatialization ('semantic distance') is unique to HCM and is very much suited for the semantic categorization and navigation of Internet health information resources. Clinical codes ensure reliable and unambiguous topical indexing of these resources. HCM also introduces a useful form of cyberspatial analysis for the detection of topical coverage gaps in the resource metadata base using choropleth (shaded) maps of human body systems.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Methodological issues in the development of the Canadian Cancer Incidence Atlas.

The Canadian Cancer Incidence Atlas is among recent national atlases using incidence rather than mortality data. Methods used to assess the significance and spatial correlation of the age-standardized rates (ASIRs) for the 290 census divisions are described. The expected number of cases by area was used to determine cancer sites with sufficient cases to be mapped. ASIR significance was assessed using a simulation based on a Poisson distribution. The consistency of the observed case distributions with the Poisson distribution was examined. The bootstrap confidence interval (CI) for the ASIR developed by Swift was used in the atlas. Spatial correlation was assessed with Moran's I/I(max) and the significance determined by a simulation in order to allow for area population variation. Data quality indicators typically used for cancer registries were presented, supplemented by a registry questionnaire.

Atlases as Topic↗
PubMed2001

Maps of the brain.

We review recent developments in brain mapping and computational anatomy that have greatly expanded our ability to analyze brain structure and function. The enormous diversity of brain maps and imaging methods has spurred the development of population-based digital brain atlases. These atlases store information on how the brain varies across age and gender, across time, in health and disease, and in large human populations. We describe how brain atlases, and the computational tools that align new datasets with them, facilitate comparison of brain data across experiments, laboratories, and from different imaging devices. The major methods are presented for the construction of probabilistic atlases, which store information on anatomic and functional variability in a population. Algorithms are reviewed that create composite brain maps and atlases based on multiple subjects. We show that group patterns of cortical organization, asymmetry, and disease-specific trends can be resolved that may not be apparent in individual brain maps. Finally, we describe the creation of four-dimensional (4D) maps that store information on the dynamics of brain change in development and disease. Digital atlases that correlate these maps show considerable promise in identifying general patterns of structural and functional variation in human populations, and how these features depend on demographic, genetic, cognitive, and clinical parameters.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1975

Atlas of estrogen-concentrating cells in the central nervous system of the squirrel monkey.

Estrogen is concentrated within cellular nuclei in discrete regions of the monkey brain 30 and 60 minutes following intravenous injection of [3H] estradiol. Chromatographic data is provided to suggest that most of the localized estrogen is in the form of estradiol with lesser amounts of estrone and estriol. Three "major" areas of estrogen accumulation include: (1) preopticostrial accumulation: n. preopticus medialis--n. interstitialis striae terminalis, (2) basal hypothalamic accumulation: n. infundibularis--n. ventromedialis--n. premammillaris ventralis, and (3) the amygdaloid accumulation. Several "minor" areas of estrogen accumulation include the tuberculum olfactorium, insulae Calleja, n. triangularis septi, a. hypothalamica anterior, n. anterior hypothalami, n. paraventricularis, n. supraopticus, n. periventricularis and the substantia grisea centralis. The neocortex, rhombencephalon and spinal cord are essentially unlabeled. The major areas of accumulation are similar in several other mammalian and avian species while these, and some minor areas of accumulation, have been shown in neuroanatomical studies to be interconnected by several pathways, especially the stria terminalis. Lesion, implant, stimulation, recording and morphometric studies, in several species, support the concept that this arrangement provides a neuroanatomical substrate which would allow the integration of the various facets of the neuroendocrine reproductive response.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1976

A cytoarchitectonic atlas of the mouse hypothalamus.

A description of the organization, areas, and cell groups within the hypothalamus of the mouse is presented in detail. Photomicrographs of cell-stained serial sections through the hypothalamus in frontal, sagittal and horizontal planes are included. The hypothalamus has been divided basically into medial and lateral parts with most well-defined cell groups or nuclei lying within the medial subdivision and surrounded by diffuse collections of cells referred to as areas. The heterogenetiy of cell types within most hypothalamic nuclei and areas has been emphasized with the consequent implications for heterogeneity of neuronal connections and of functions. Recently introduced neuroanatomical techniques permitting increased attention to the cellular level of organization have demonstrated precise connections and functional localization of cells within the hypothalamus. While cytoarchitectonic distinctions imply functional distinctions, morphological and experimental evidence suggest the existence also of systems of cells which transcend conventional cytoarchitectonic boundaries, the cells within each system being interconnected functionally or neuronally.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the three-day-old domestic chick.

Preparation of a stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the 3-day-old domestic chick was prompted by the widespread use of chicks in behavioral and pharmacological research. The atlas is comprised of 26 frontal plates extending from the frontal pole to the level of the hypoglossal nucleus, and one sagittal plate at lateral 0.4 mm. Marking lesions were used to ascertain coordinates, the brains were embedded in albumin and sections cut at 36 mmu. The brain sections were stained with cresyl violet for nuclei and with hematoxylin for fibers. Unstained brain sections were used as a guide in drawing the plates to correct for shrinkage and distortion. The use of the atlas for research purposes for one year, plus test lesions targeted for specific brain structures, indicates the atlas is accurate to within 0.5 mm.

Animals↗