PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Audience Research”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

The POWER campaign for promotion of female and male condoms: audience research and campaign development.

In this study, we conducted and content analyzed 12 focus groups with women aged 15-25 living in inner city Denver as a process of audience research to develop a male and female condom promotion campaign. We recruited 89 women from school and community sites in central Denver neighborhoods to discuss their knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding both male and female condoms, then solicited opinions about how to increase knowledge about and familiarity with female condoms, increase positive attitudes toward both male and female condoms, and how to increase access to and use of both male and female condoms. Opinions on these topics drove the development of a targeted media campaign promoting condom use in this population. We report here on the general findings from focus groups and provide details about the campaign the participants helped to develop.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Effects of Media Alcohol Messages on Adolescent Audiences.

Research into the effects of the media on teenage alcohol consumption has concentrated on positive portrayals of beer drinking in advertising, depiction of alcohol in movies and television programs, and public service announcements that warn against abuse and drunk driving. After examining each of these areas, the author focuses on the future role of messages related to alcohol consumption.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1988

Library workshops for special audiences: secretaries, research assistants, and other support staff.

Reports on library workshops for nonlibrary support staff, conducted by health sciences and other libraries, are reviewed. In 1985-86, similar workshops for secretaries, research assistants, and other support staff were offered at the Ohio State University Health Sciences Library. Evaluations made by participants immediately after the workshops and six to twenty months later have provided valuable input on the usefulness of subjects discussed and on recommendations for changes.

Education↗
PubMed1993

Crafting effective tobacco counteradvertisements: lessons from a failed campaign directed at teenagers.

Focus group research conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Office on Smoking and Health suggested that the desire of teenagers to gain control over their lives would make them responsive to a counteradvertising strategy aimed at exposing the predatory marketing techniques of the tobacco industry. On the basis of this strategy, the office developed draft print advertisements and a rough TV commercial featuring such theme lines as "You get an image. They get an addict." In those ads, "they" referred to cigarette companies. Subsequent testing of the campaign materials, however, indicated that the subtle, sophisticated execution of this concept of manipulation by the industry did not communicate clearly and effectively to an audience of young teens. In fact, 38 percent of those who viewed the rough TV spot believed that the main message promoted smoking. These negative test findings underscore the critical need for ongoing audience research throughout the creative process to ensure that campaign planners stay "in tune" with their consumers.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

SPSS and SAS programming for the testing of mediation models.

BACKGROUND: Mediation modeling can explain the nature of the relation among three or more variables. In addition, it can be used to show how a variable mediates the relation between levels of intervention and outcome. The Sobel test, developed in 1990, provides a statistical method for determining the influence of a mediator on an intervention or outcome. Although interactive Web-based and stand-alone methods exist for computing the Sobel test, SPSS and SAS programs that automatically run the required regression analyses and computations increase the accessibility of mediation modeling to nursing researchers. OBJECTIVES: To illustrate the utility of the Sobel test and to make this programming available to the Nursing Research audience in both SAS and SPSS. METHODS: The history, logic, and technical aspects of mediation testing are introduced. The syntax files sobel.sps and sobel.sas, created to automate the computation of the regression analysis and test statistic, are available from the corresponding author. RESULTS: The reported programming allows the user to complete mediation testing with the user's own data in a single-step fashion. A technical manual included with the programming provides instruction on program use and interpretation of the output. CONCLUSION: Mediation modeling is a useful tool for describing the relation between three or more variables. Programming and manuals for using this model are made available.

Data Interpretation, Statistical↗
PubMed1997

Evidence for reliability, validity and usefulness of the Medical Outcomes Study HIV Health Survey (MOS-HIV).

The Medical Outcomes Study HIV Health Survey (MOS-HIV) is a brief, comprehensive measure of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) used extensively in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). The 35-item questionnaire includes ten dimensions (health perceptions, pain, physical, role, social and cognitive functioning, mental health, energy, health distress and quality of life (QoL) and takes approximately 5 minutes to complete. Subscales are scored on a 0-100 scale (a higher score indicates better health) and physical and mental health summary scores can be generated. The MOS-HIV has been shown to be internally consistent, correlate with concurrent measures of health, discriminate between distinct groups, predict future outcomes and be responsive to changes over time. Limited experience suggests acceptable reliability and validity in women, injecting drug users and African-American and lower socioeconomic status patients. The MOS-HIV is available in 14 languages and has been included as a secondary outcome measure in numerous clinical trials for all stages of disease. In several studies it has detected significant differences between treatments; in some cases concordant with conventional endpoints and, in others, discordant. The interpretation of scores is facilitated by an explanation in terms meaningful to the intended audience. Research is needed to compare the MOS-HIV to other strategies for HRQoL assessment in early HIV disease.

Female↗
PubMed1998

How older people watch television. Telemetric data on the TV use in Germany in 1996.

This study has been prompted by the relatively small body of knowledge on the media use of the elderly. The aim of this study was to show how people 50 years and older use the medium television in Germany. Therefore, the 1996 television usership data collected in a representative 'peoplemeter' panel of about 4,800 German television households have been surveyed, processed and analyzed using standard audience research software. In 1996, Germans 50 years and above watched on average 233 min television per day. The older a person, the longer he or she watches television. Individuals 65 years and older watch television for 253 min per day. This subgroup appears to comprise the most intensive users of the medium. Men 65 years and above may be depicted as the heaviest weekend TV watchers, older women as the medium's closest followers from Monday to Friday. Television program broadcast late in the afternoon and early in the evening have by far the best chances to be chosen by seniors. The affinity of the elderly for the medium can be explained by its potential for offering entertainment, information, and companionship, being a substitute for primary interpersonal communication, a tool for structuring time patterns and keeping up the rhythms of long-established everyday rituals. On the one hand, television can be a 'lifeline' and a 'window to the outside world' for people with little opportunity for direct, unmediated social contact, thus possibly raising their satisfaction of life. On the other hand, prolonged TV use may be seen as an indicator for the degree of loneliness and neglect of the elderly.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Decision aids for benign prostatic hyperplasia: applicability across race and education.

BACKGROUND/METHOD: Decision aids have not been widely tested in diverse audiences. The authors conducted interviews in a 2 x 2 race by education design with participants who were 50 years old (n = 188). The decision aid was a benign prostatic hyperplasia videotape. RESULTS: There was an increase in knowledge equal in all groups, with baseline knowledge higher in whites. The decision stage increased in all groups and was equivalent in the marginal-illiterate subgroup (n = 0.15). CONCLUSION: Contrary to expectations, results show no difference by race or college education in knowledge gain or increase in reported readiness to decide. The video appeared to produce change across race and education. The end decision stage was high, especially in less educated men. Results suggest that decision aids may be effective without tailoring, as suggested previously to enhance health communication in diverse audiences. Research should test findings in representative samples and in clinical encounters and identify types of knowledge absorbed from decision aids and whether the shift to decision reflects data/knowledge or shared decision-making message.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Designing dental health education materials for schoolteachers: formative evaluation research.

In the past, many school based dental health education programs have appeared to fail to bring about changes in children's behavior or measureable improvements in oral health. The reasons why this has been so are not always clear, but part of the explanation may be that inadequate attention has been paid to the research preceding the development of the dental health education materials used in the programs. This paper describes a rational planning cycle for evaluation research, which includes problem definition research, planning research, audience pre-testing and post-production audience testing for acceptability. Further stages involve post-dissemination evaluation, which include measures of effectiveness and implementation, but this paper argues that the four phases described above constitute a logical means of providing target groups with appropriate, acceptable and efficacious material.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Research and the Goal of Improving Patient Care.

The goal of this article is to raise issues associated with the underlying assumptions of our research approaches and the nature of health/disease in conventional medical care and complementary and alternative medical care. Different types of efficacy are discussed in terms of randomized controlled trials and outcomes research. The demands of different audiences for research results suggest that researchers need to carefully specify the research question in the context of the state-of-the-knowledge. Appropriate matching of the study design, the nature of the disease, the nature of the treatment and what is known is essential to designing and implementing research that actually could improve patient care.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Audience responses to a research-based drama about life after breast cancer.

This article explores audience reactions to the research-based drama Ladies in Waiting? Life After Breast Cancer. Quantitative findings indicate an overwhelmingly positive response, with approximately 90% of those who saw the production agreeing that they benefited from seeing it and indicating that they would recommend it to others. Qualitative data reveal a more complex picture of the range of reactions, allowing us to describe the most valued aspects of the production (mainly how it eased isolation and normalized the difficult aspects of survivorship) and to better understand the few reports of distress. Audience responses to Ladies in Waiting? suggest that chronic aspects of breast cancer are rarely acknowledged. Viewing the production as one that reveals difficult and hidden realities allows for a fuller understanding both of its supportive and unsettling effects.

Attitude to Health↗