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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

Endoscopic observation of the gastric mucus in vivo stained with azure A.

Gastric mucus was stained with Azure A, a cationic dye, which had the highest affinity with macromolecular constituents of the mucus, under such conditions as 0.2% Azure A-0.5% NaHCO3 solution (pH 8.1) in dye concentration, staining for ten minutes, 37 degrees C in reaction temperature and the salt concentration and ionic strength below 6.0 x 10(-2). In rat and resected human stomachs, gastric mucus was clearly stained under these conditions. In human subjects, the in vivo stained muscu was observed endoscopically. The pyloric gland region. The difference was seen in the pattern of the gastric area between the fundic and pyloric gland region. Histological examination revealed that only the mucous layer was stained with Azure A. The stained macromolecules in the mucus and factors affecting the staining were discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

A general method for the detection and mapping of submicrogram quantities of glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides on polyacrylamide gels by sequential staining with azure A and ammoniacal silver.

A sensitive method has been developed for the visualization of nonradiolabeled glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides resolved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using fixation with azure A followed by staining with ammoniacal silver. This method, which can detect as little as 1-2 ng of a single oligosaccharide species, can be used to stain a few micrograms of a complex oligosaccharide mixture. The combination of gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and sequential azure A/silver staining can be applied to the analysis of all the complex glycosaminoglycans (i.e., heparin, heparan sulfate, chondroitin/dermatan sulfate, keratan sulfate) and hyaluronate, as well as to comparisons of specificities of the glycosaminoglycan-degrading enzymes. This procedure may be particularly valuable in situations where the availability of glycosaminoglycan is very limited and/or where radiolabeling is impractical or undesirable.

Azure Stains↗
PubMed1989

Which granules can be stained with azure B and eosin?

The standardized stain composed of pure azure B and eosin, as published by Wittekind and colleagues in 1986, demonstrated granules in neutrophilic leucocytes that were much coarser than those seen after staining with conventional Romanowsky-Giemsa methods. These granules belong to at least two classes. Their identification cannot be achieved by means of the morphologic characteristics of single granules; a multivariate analysis of the granulation as a whole, and a comparison with specifically stained primary granules is required. In particular, this study on unbiased cell samples showed that with Wittekind's method, the primary granules in peripheral neutrophils are stained. Further study of clinical smears revealed an enhanced dye uptake by the secondary granules. The staining behavior of the granules is related to the leukocyte count.

Azure Stains↗
PubMed1976

Effect of malononitrile dimer on RNA concentration of neurons as demonstrated by azure B staining.

Malononitrile dimer was administered to mice by single or by chronic (40 day) injections. The concentration of RNA in neurons of the brain was determined on histological sections by means of azure B staining. The nucleolus and Nissl substance of the several types of large neurons studied had a significantly higher concentration of RNA in the drug-injected than in the control animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Mallory's phloxine B-methylene blue-azure II stain emphasizes elastin and collagen bundles in epoxy embedded lung.

A version of Mallory's phloxine-methylene blue-azure II technique suitable for large epoxy sections is described. Phloxine B (C.I. 45410) and a yellow-green interference filter (546-548 nm transmission) combine to give high contrast monochrome images. By comparing light micrographs of lung parenchyma entirely unstained or stained only with phloxine B against electron micrographs of the same material, it is seen that phloxine B emphasizes essentially only elastin and collagen fiber bundles. The technique has produced images useful for investigating lung parenchyma architecture and micromechanics.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Azure B-eosin staining of blood cells: the effects of variation in stain formulation and staining technique on stain performance.

A quantitative study of azure B-eosin-stained blood cells is reported. The effects of variation in stain formulation and staining technique on the binding of azure B and eosin by acidophilic, basophilic and neutrophilic substrates were measured by scanning microdensitometry. The variables considered were stain concentration (the azure B-eosin concentration ratio was constant), azure B concentration (at constant eosin concentration), eosin concentration (at constant azure B concentration), staining time, buffer pH, metal salt contamination, dye contamination, buffer concentration and fixation time. The last two were the only variables which failed to produce changes in dye uptake. Tentative explanations of the observed effects are advanced.

Azure Stains↗
PubMed1985

Stability of azure B-eosin Y staining solutions.

The stability of azure B-eosin Y staining solutions of varying composition and of a routine May Grunwald Giemsa (MGG) stain were studied by analysis of the density histogram of white blood cells obtained by an image analysis computer. The stability appeared to be variable and depended on the concentration of the dyes, the molarity of the buffer solutions and the presence of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as a stabilizer. Although most staining solutions including the routine MGG stain showed marked loss of staining capacity soon after preparation, it was possible to obtain an azure B-eosin Y mixture with very satisfactory staining properties which did not decrease during 8 h after its preparation.

Azure Stains↗
PubMed1976

Purified azure B as a reticulocyte stain.

A comparison has been made between reticulocyte preparations stained with purified azure B and with several commerically available batches of brilliant cresyl blue and new methylene blue. Marked variations were observed in the composition and staining performances of the various batches of the two commerically available dyes. Although there were no significant differences in reticulocyte counts obtained with these two dyes, varying amounts of an extraneous, particulate dye deposit were present in these preparations, making accuracte counting both tedious and timeconsuming. Purified azure B, on the other hand, gave reproducibly stained, deposit-free preparations. Reticulocyte counts obtained from azure B preparations correlated almost exactly with those determined using new methylene blue. Purified azure B is therefore recommended as a convenient reticulocyte stain for routine use.

Azure Stains↗
PubMed1976

Prolonged methanol fixation of soluble mucosubstances in mucopolysaccharidoses.

A simple and efficient method for the demonstration of highly water soluble acid mucosubstances in cold microtone sections is described. It consists of prolonged treatment of cold microtome sections with methanol (for at least 1 h) and subsequent staining with 0.1% azure A in distilled water or in 30% methanol. The procedure is recommended particularly for the bioptical examination of mucopolysaccharidoses.

Azure Stains↗
PubMed1989

The influence of cationic thiazine dyes on eosin Y-uptake of red blood cells in Romanowsky-Giemsa type stains.

In the present study we have investigated the uptake of cationic thiazine dyes and of the anionic Eosin Y by red blood cells (RBCs). Blood smears were stained with Azure B-Eosin Y, Methylene Blue-Eosin Y, Thionin-Eosin Y and with the cationic and anionic dyes alone at varying concentrations. Dye content of erythrocytes was measured with a Vickers M 85a microdensitometer. Nuclear chromatin features of white blood cells were investigated with the IBAS 2000 image analyser. Azure B favoured Eosin Y uptake of RBCs remarkably, and vice versa. There was no clear indication of that type of molecular interaction which characterizes the generation of the colour purple on polyanions. Methylene Blue and Thionin left Eosin Y uptake unaffected, but contamination of the standard Azure B-Eosin Y stain with Methylene Blue obviously affected Azure B-Eosin Y uptake, probably by competition of Methylene Blue and Azure B binding in RBCs. Furthermore, Methylene Blue contamination of the standard stain increased the rate of error in image analysis of white blood cell nuclei due to variations of staining intensity. For cytophotometry and image analysis of blood smears the standard Azure B-Eosin Y stain is by far superior to the commercial stain which normally is contaminated with Methylene Blue and some of the lower azures.

Azure Stains↗