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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1980

[Shower-bath and its influence on the behaviour of the aerobic resident flora of the human skin. Half-side comparisons between a single shower bath with and without bath supplements (author's transl)].

A method for the in vivo investigation of shower-bath supplements and their influences on the human skin flora is presented. The shower-bath supplement is added in a constant dosis directly to the shower-jet to obtain constant conditions of shower-bathing on the human skin. Different concentrations of the shower-bath supplement in neighboured areas of the skin can be avoided and this allows to make comparative investigations of the effect of shower-bath supplements to the normal human skin flora. The reproducibility of the results and the accuracy of the method were investigated in half-side comparisons of the aerobic resident flora of the flexor sides of the forearms in three groups of volunteers, 60 persons in total. A marketable product in two slightly differing modificatons was used as shower-bath supplement. Half-side comparisons between each of the two supplements against water alone and between the shower-bath supplements directly were performed. The detergent washing method was used for sampling the skin flora. Statistically significant changes of the aerobic resident flora in the half-side comparison between the two supplements were obvious only 24 h after a single bath. It could be proved that the results can be reproduced at different times and with different groups of vlunteers. Further more, that a half-side comparison between th two shower-bath supplements detects more sensible differences in the effect on the human skin flora of the two marketable products than the comparison of each supplement with water alone.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparison of the effects of carbonated baths with those of carbon dioxide baths, "dry baths"].

Therapeutic activities of CO2 water bathes are explained by a synergism between many factors. The first ones are related to immersion it-self: hydrostatic pressure and Archimedes force inducing orthosympathetic inhibition and muscular relaxation. The second ones depend on the pharmacological properties of carbon dioxide acting directly on the blood vessels of the skin, causing vasodilation and heat sensation. As "dry" carbon dioxide bath is devoid of the physical factors which are necessary for a successful therapeutic activity, such an administration has no interest in balneotherapy.

Balneology↗
PubMed2002

Effects of room temperature on physiological and subjective responses during whole-body bathing, half-body bathing and showering.

The effects of bathroom thermal conditions on physiological and subjective responses were evaluated before, during, and after whole-body bath (W-bath), half-body bath (H-bath) and showering. The air temperature of the dressing room and bathroom was controlled at 10 degrees C, 17.5 degrees C, and 25 degrees C. Eight healthy males bathed for 10 min under nine conditions on separate days. The water temperature of the bathtub and shower was controlled at 40 degrees C and 41 degrees C, respectively. Rectal temperature (Tre), mean skin temperature (Tsk), blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), body weight loss and blood characteristics (hematocrit: Hct, hemoglobin: Hb) were evaluated. Also, thermal sensation (TS), thermal comfort (TC) and thermal acceptability (TA) were recorded. BP decreased rapidly during W-bath and H-bath compared to showering. HR during W-bath was significantly higher than for H-bath and showering (p < 0.01). The double products due to W-bath during bathing were also greater than for H-bath and showering (p < 0.05). There were no distinct differences in Hct and Hb among the nine conditions. However, significant differences in body weight loss were observed among the bathing methods: W-bath > H-bath > showering (p < 0.001). W-bath showed the largest increase in Tre and Tsk, followed by H-bath, and showering. Significant differences in Tre after bathing among the room temperatures were found only at H-bath. The changes in Tre after bathing for H-bath at 25 degrees C were similar to those for W-bath at 17.5 degrees C and 10 degrees C. TS and TC after bathing significantly differed for the three bathing methods at 17.5 degrees C and 10 degrees C (TS: p < 0.01 TC: p < 0.001). Especially, for showering, the largest number of subjects felt "cold" and "uncomfortable". Even though all of the subjects could accept the 10 degrees C condition after W-bath, such conditions were intolerable to half of them after showering. These results suggested that the physiological strains during H-bath and showering were smaller than during W-bath. However, colder room temperatures made it more difficult to retain body warmth after H-bath and created thermal discomfort after showering. It is particularly important for H-bath and showering to maintain an acceptable temperature in the dressing room and bathroom, in order to bathe comfortably and ensure warmth.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2006

Influence of nighttime bathing on evening home blood pressure measurements: how long should the interval be after bathing?

The Japanese Society of Hypertension has recommended that evening home blood pressure measurement be taken just before bedtime. In this study, to elucidate the influence of nighttime bathing on evening home blood pressure and heart rate, measurements were performed for 7 days using volunteers who were employees of a single company and who had no alcohol intake during the study period. We used data obtained from 158 subjects (78 males and 80 females; mean age, 41.6 years) whose evening data consisted of a combination of pre-bathing and post-bathing measurements. We divided the subjects into four groups according to the time interval from bathing: blood pressure was measured at 30 min after bathing in group I (n=40), at 31-60 min after bathing in group II (n=89), at 61-120 min after bathing in group III (n=74) and at more than 121 min after bathing in group IV (n=53). We evaluated the changes after bathing in each group. For all subjects combined, the evening home blood pressure measured after bathing (114.0+/-17.1/69.4+/-10.9 mmHg) was significantly lower than the value before bathing (116.3+/-17.1/70.7+/-11.2 mmHg). However, there was no difference in heart rate. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure after bathing in group I (109.1+/-15.2/66.3+/-10.8 mmHg) and II (112.0+/-15.2/66.5+/-10.1 mmHg) were significantly lower than those before bathing (group I: 113.2+/-15.8/70.2+/-10.6 mmHg; group II: 115.2+/-15.8/69.3+/-10.3 mmHg), but these differences disappeared in group III and IV. On the other hand, there was no difference in heart rate after bathing in group I, II, or III, but group IV showed a slight but significant decrease after bathing (67.7+/-10.0 --> 65.8+/-10.7 beats/min). In conclusion, if evening home blood pressure is to be measured after bathing, subjects should be instructed to wait more than 60 min after bathing before performing the measurement in order to eliminate the depressor effect of bathing.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tub bathing versus traditional sponge bathing for the newborn.

OBJECTIVE: To compare selected effects of tub bathing versus traditional sponge bathing in healthy, term newborns and their mothers' ratings of pleasure and confidence with the bath. DESIGN: Randomized controlled study. SETTING: The maternity unit of an eastern Canadian hospital. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred two mother-baby pairs were randomly assigned to an experimental tub bath or a sponge bath control group. INTERVENTIONS: Fifty-one newborns were tub bathed and 51 sponge bathed according to the study protocols for their initial and one additional bath. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (a) Newborn temperature stability was assessed by recording axillary temperatures pre- and postbath, (b) umbilical cord healing was identified by daily observations and infection control surveillance, (c) infant contentment was quantified by applying the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale, and (d) maternal pleasure with the bath and confidence with bathing at discharge were self-rated on a 5-point scale. RESULTS: Tub-bathed babies experienced significantly less temperature loss (t = 4.79, p = .00) and were significantly more content (t = -6.48, p = .00) than were those who were sponge bathed. No differences in cord healing scores were found. Mothers of tub bathed babies rated their pleasure with the bath significantly higher than did mothers of sponge bathed babies (t = 4.15, p = .00). No differences in maternal confidence were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Tub bathing is a safe and pleasurable alternative to sponge bathing in healthy, term newborns.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Effect of person-centered showering and the towel bath on bathing-associated aggression, agitation, and discomfort in nursing home residents with dementia: a randomized, controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of two nonpharmacological techniques in reducing agitation, aggression, and discomfort in nursing home residents with dementia. The techniques evaluated were person-centered showering and the towel bath (a person-centered, in-bed bag-bath with no-rinse soap). DESIGN: A randomized, controlled trial, with a usual-care control group and two experimental groups, with crossover. SETTING: Nine skilled nursing facilities in Oregon and six in North Carolina. PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-three residents with agitation during bathing (69 completed the trial) and 37 nursing assistants who bathed them. MEASUREMENTS: Agitation and aggression were measured using the Care Recipient Behavior Assessment; discomfort was measured using a modification of the Discomfort Scale for Dementia of the Alzheimer Type. Raters who were blinded to subject status coded both from videotaped baths. Secondary measures of effect included bath duration, bath completeness, skin condition, and skin microbial flora. RESULTS: All measures of agitation and aggression declined significantly in both treatment groups but not in the control group, with aggressive incidents declining 53% in the person-centered shower group (P<.001) and 60% in the towel-bath group (P<.001). Discomfort scores also declined significantly in both intervention groups (P<.001) but not in the control group. The two interventions did not differ in agitation/aggression reduction, but discomfort was less with the towel bath (P=.003). Average bath duration increased significantly (by a mean of 3.3 minutes) with person-centered showering but not with the towel bath. Neither intervention resulted in fewer body parts being bathed; both improved skin condition; and neither increased colonization with potentially pathogenic bacteria, corynebacteria, or Candida albicans. CONCLUSION: Person-centered showering and the towel bath constitute safe, effective methods of reducing agitation, aggression, and discomfort during bathing of persons with dementia.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Stimulation for sebum excretion of PCDDs, PCDFs and coplanar PCBs on bathing ceramic sand bath].

We previously reported that high risk environmental contaminants such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are excreted not only in feces but also in the sebum of the face and body in both normal subjects and Yusho patients. A combination of administration of rice bran fiber and cholestyramine increased fecal excretion of PCDFs and PCBs. In the present study, we stimulated excretion of these compounds in sebum using a ceramic sand bath, a kind of sand bath using small ceramic balls (3.5 mm diameter) instead of natural sand. Five normal volunteers participated in this experiment. Sebum eliminated from the body on bathing ceramic sand bath was collected and weighed and then concentrations of the compounds interest in the sebum were determined. We also examined the effects varying the bath conditions such as temperature of sand, length of bathing time and frequency of taking bath on the amounts of the compounds in the eliminated sebum. The results can be summarized as follows: 1. The average amount of sebum per one bath eliminated from the body during the ceramic sand bath was 0.252 g, and those of PCDDs, PCDFs and coplanar PCBs in it were 2.2, 2.0 and 2.2 pg of TEQ (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalent quantity). It was considered that the amounts of these compounds corresponded to between one quarter and third of those eliminated through the sebum in a day. On the other hand, 0.05 g of the sebum was collected from the face during the bath, included 0.39, 0.39 and 0.59 pg TEQ for PCDDs, PCDFs and coplanar PCBs, respectively. 2. As the number of bathing times a day increased, the amount of sebum per bath gradually decreased. However, we could not determine the influence of the conditions of the bath such as temperature and time.

Ammotherapy↗
PubMed2001

Correlation between 8-methoxypsoralen bath-water concentration and photosensitivity in bath-PUVA treatment.

BACKGROUND: Bath-PUVA treatment, originally established in Scandinavia, offers several advantages over oral PUVA and has become increasingly popular in recent years. Outside Scandinavia 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) is the prevailing photosensitizer for this PUVA modality and is used arbitrarily in a wide range of concentrations. Up to the present, data are lacking on the impact of 8-MOP bath-water concentration on UVA dosimetry. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the influence of increasing 8-MOP bath-water concentrations on photosensitivity in bath-PUVA treatment. METHODS: Fifteen healthy volunteers without abnormal photosensitivity or recent exposure to ultraviolet radiation were included in an intraindividually controlled comparison study. In all volunteers the minimal phototoxic dose (MPD) was determined on the volar side of their forearms after immersion for 20 minutes in 4 different 8-MOP bath-water concentrations (0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5 mg/L). The correlation between 8-MOP concentration and photosensitivity (defined as the reciprocal value of the MPD) was analyzed by linear regression analysis. In addition, the time course of erythema formation and the UVA dose-erythema response curve was assessed for each psoralen concentration. RESULTS: The median MPD and the 25%-75% interquartile were 5.7 J/cm(2) (5.7-8), 4 J/cm(2) (4-5.7), 2.8 J/cm(2) (2.8-5.7), and 2 J/cm(2) (2-2.8) at an 8-MOP concentration of 0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5 mg/L, respectively. Linear regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between 8-MOP bath-water concentration and photosensitivity (r = 0.98; P =.019). Bath-PUVA-induced erythema peaked after a median time interval of 3 days, with a range of 2 to 4 days. The slope of the UVA dose-erythema response curve was similar for all psoralen concentrations. CONCLUSION: UVA dose requirements in bath-PUVA treatment decrease linearly with increasing 8-MOP concentrations. A single MPD assessment at 72 hours after the UVA exposure is inappropriate for accurate determination of the patients' photosensitivity. The hazard of wrong UVA dosimetry is comparable at all psoralen concentrations.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Randomized, controlled study comparing sitz-bath and no-sitz-bath treatments in patients with acute anal fissures.

AIM: To determine the efficacy and safety of sitz baths in the management of acute anal fissures. METHOD: Individual patients were randomized to either receive sitz baths or no sitz baths for 4 weeks in addition to oral psyllium husk. Patients were asked to soak their hips and buttocks in a tub containing plain lukewarm water for 10 min, once after defecation in the morning and again at bedtime. Each week, the patients were called to assess pain scores and healing of fissures, whereas the level of satisfaction was recorded at the end of 4 weeks. Main outcome measures were validated pain scores and levels of satisfaction. RESULTS: Fifty-eight subjects were recruited for this study. In all, 52 of them completed the trial (27 in the sitz bath group and 25 in the control group). Although the pain score was lesser in the sitz bath group than in the control group, it failed to reach statistical significance. There were no significant differences in fissure healing between the two groups over the 4-week study period. However, patients in the sitz bath group reported better satisfaction levels than the control group (P < 0.01). Although no serious adverse effects were observed, two patients from sitz bath group developed perianal skin rash. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that sitz baths improve patient satisfaction in acute anal fissures. However, the healing and overall pain relief was not significant enough to attract attention. It was also found to be associated with adverse effects in few patients.

Adolescent↗