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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Differential expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in human bile duct epithelial cells and bile duct neoplasm.

It is well known that chronic inflammatory conditions involving the bile ducts predispose to the development of bile duct carcinoma, although the relationship between chronic inflammation and malignant transformation is unclear. In this study, by combining immunohistochemistry and computer imaging techniques, we quantified and compared the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression levels of epithelial cells according with their histopathological backgrounds. This technique revealed that the highest levels of COX-2 were expressed in bile duct carcinoma cells, mainly in cytoplasm, and the expression pattern was homogenous and abundant. Moderate levels of COX-2 protein expression were also observed in noncancerous epithelial cells with inflammatory reaction, but the staining intensity was heterogeneous among the positive cells exhibiting inflammation. In contrast, only scattered weak reactivity of COX-2 protein was observed in the noncancerous bile duct epithelial cells without inflammatory reaction. Moreover, bile duct epithelial cells in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) showed very strong expression of COX-2 protein, that was comparable with carcinoma cells. On the other hand, primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) epithelial cells showed moderate levels of COX-2 expression. In addition, specific COX-2 inhibitors, JTE-522 and NS-398, directly inhibited the growth of 4 bile duct carcinoma and 1 gall bladder carcinoma cell lines that expressed COX-2 protein, in vitro. These data suggest that COX-2 expression might regulate carcinogenesis of bile duct epithelial cells in inflammatory regions and tumor progression in this cancer. The data also suggest that COX-2 selective inhibitors might have therapeutic effects not only on bile duct carcinoma, but other hepatobiliary carcinomas.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Sonographic diagnosis of intraluminal bile duct neoplasm: a report of 3 cases.

Intraluminal growing tumors of the bile duct are uncommon causes of jaundice. The sonographic appearance of 2 hilar cholangiocarcinomas or Klatskin tumors and a benign extrahepatic biliary cystadenoma is described. Compared to contrast studies of the bile ducts, sonography better defined the intraductal character of the neoplasms. However, the ultrasound appearance did not allow differentiation between the adenocarcinomas and the benign cystadenoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Biliary granular cell tumor: a little-known curable bile duct neoplasm of young people.

Two granular cell tumors of the biliary tree are described, one in a 37-year-old black woman with obstructive jaundice and the other in a 26-year-old white woman with abdominal pain. These are rare soft tissue tumors that have an excellent prognosis when surgically excised. Almost all reported cases have been in young women, the majority of whom have been black. Because granular cell tumors of the biliary tract are uniformly resectable and curable, they should be considered and distinguished from cholangiocarcinoma or localized sclerosing cholangitis, particularly if the patient is young, female, and black.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Biliary adenofibroma: a rare neoplasm of bile duct origin with an indolent behavior.

We report a case of biliary adenofibroma in a 47-year-old woman, who presented with right upper quadrant pain for several months. Abdominal imaging revealed a 16-cm solid and cystic mass in the left hepatic lobe. Histologically, the tumor showed two distinct components: 1) cystic and tubular structures lined by low columnar to cuboidal biliary-type epithelium, and 2) a dense fibrous stroma composed of spindle-shaped cells with only mild nuclear pleomorphism and inconspicuous nucleoli. Mitoses and stromal invasion were absent. The glandular epithelium stained positively for keratin AE.3/Cam 5.2, cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin 19, carcinoembryonic antigen, and epithelial membrane antigen and had a low Ki-67 proliferative index. In addition, the epithelium was positive for D10 but did not stain for 1F6 or acid mucin with alcian blue stain. This staining pattern, similar to bile duct hamartoma (von Meyenburg complex) with which this tumor shares morphologic similarity, suggests that biliary adenofibroma originates from interlobular or larger bile ducts. Three years after a subtotal resection no metastasis or significant tumor growth was noted. However, given the marked nuclear p53 immunoreactivity and tetraploidy status observed in this tumor, we cannot exclude that biliary adenofibroma may represent a premalignant process that warrants complete resection and thorough histopathologic examination.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed2006

Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct extending superficially from the intrahepatic to extrahepatic bile duct.

Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) or liver is a recently noted rare disease, and its pathogenesis remains unclear. Here we present a case of IPNB with an interesting morphology, which was treated by resection of the right hemiliver and extrahepatic bile duct. A 79-year-old woman was found to have a high alkaline phosphatase level and slight dilatation of the right intrahepatic bile duct on imaging studies. The right intrahepatic bile duct became dilated over a 2-year period; however, no solid mass could be detected, and tumor markers were not elevated. Hepatic resection was scheduled because a mucin-producing bile duct carcinoma of the liver was suspected. A right hemihepatectomy was conducted, and the extrahepatic bile duct was also resected after malignant cells were found in the surgical stump of the right bile duct and in the bile itself. Macroscopically, diffuse dilatation of the intrahepatic bile duct was noted, but no solid component or mucin within the duct was found. Histopathological findings revealed carcinoma in situ, IPNB, in the majority of intrahepatic bile ducts, with no lymph node metastasis, and it extended continuously to the epithelium of the common bile duct. No tumor recurrence or biliary dilatation was observed at follow-up 2 years after surgery. It is important to consider malignancy in the presence of a dilated bile duct and in the absence of any cause of occlusion. Complete resection of IPNB results in a good prognosis and no recurrence.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CEA-related substances in the bile of patients with biliary diseases.

The levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the bile of 10 patients with biliary cancer and 9 patients with cholelithiasis were examined immunochemically by the Western blot analysis. All samples of bile from the patients with biliary cancer showed three bands that corresponded to CEA, nonspecific crossreacting antigen, and biliary glycoprotein 1, respectively. The upper band (CEA) disappeared from the bile of patients who underwent curative operations, but it persisted in the bile of patients who underwent noncurative operations. All samples of bile from the patients with cholelithiasis did not show the upper band (CEA), even in those samples that had high levels of CEA by the conventional enzyme immunoassay. We suggest that, in order to diagnose the presence of tumor, to assess the therapeutic efficacy of surgery, and to detect any residual tumor, not only should the level of bile CEA be measured but also a Western blot analysis of the bile should be performed since it is more reliable.

Aged↗