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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1984

Tumor uptake of high and low molecular weight fractions from 67Ga-citrate labelled blood plasma.

Blood plasma from tumor-bearing rats was incubated with 67Ga-citrate, and two fractions of high molecular weight (proteins) and low molecular weight were isolated by dialysis and by gel-filtration chromatography. Both fractions showed a different in vivo uptake by DS-sarcoma-bearing animals, the high molecular weight fraction being accumulated to a lesser extent. Compared to 67Ga-citrate the low molecular weight fraction showed a different uptake which for most tissues was significatively higher. This behavior suggests the presence of 67Ga in chemical forms other than citrate in the low molecular weight fraction. The lower uptake of the blood protein fraction is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate in whole blood, plasma and blood cells of postpartum nonlactating and lactating rats and their pups.

Pregnant rats were fed either a diet containing 20.2 mg pyridoxine/kg (control) or a diet containing 1,430 mg/kg (high vitamin B-6). At the time of delivery, pups were removed from half of the dams fed each diet. This resulted in four treatment groups: lactating and nonlactating dams fed the control diet and lactating and nonlactating dams fed the high vitamin B-6 diet. At delivery and at weeks 1, 2, and 3 postpartum, groups of dams and pups were killed and the content of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) in whole blood, plasma and blood cells was measured. The PLP content in the whole blood of dams and pups was increased significantly by the high vitamin B-6 diet. Lactation had no effect on the PLP in whole blood of dams. Diet increased the PLP content in the plasma of dams and pups only slightly, whereas lactation greatly depressed PLP in the dams' plasma. In the blood cells, the PLP content was increased by diet and decreased by lactation.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Transport of amino acids in the splanchnic bed by blood plasma and blood in the preruminant calf].

Three preruminant calves were fitted with catheters in portal and hepatic veins and in a mesenteric artery. Two electromagnetic flowmeter probes were clipped around the portal vein and the hepatic artery. The calves were fed either a diet with a low (L) or a high (R) abomasal emptying rate for dietary proteins. Blood flow and free amino acid levels in plasma (P) and blood (S) were determined before the morning meal and during the following 7 h. In the portal vein, for most amino acids P/S ratios were correlated to the net amino acid balance of the digestive tract measured in plasma. By contrast in the hepatic vein, these ratios were mainly correlated to hepatic balance measured in whole blood. Correlations between digestive tract and hepatic balance calculated using either plasma or whole blood pool were different for some amino acids. This suggests that amino acid exchange between plasma and blood cells is low and absorbed amino acids are mainly transported to the liver by plasma, whereas whole blood rather than plasma is concerned in amino acid exchanges in the liver.

Amino Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of 5-fluorouracil pharmacokinetics in whole blood, plasma, and red blood cells in patients with colorectal cancer.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) pharmacokinetics in whole blood, plasma, and red blood cells in patients with colorectal cancer. DESIGN: Prospective, unblinded observational study in consecutive patients. SETTING: Large regional teaching hospital. PATIENTS: Five patients with colorectal cancer. INTERVENTIONS: Patients received folinic acid 200 mg/m2 intravenously over 2 hours, followed by 5-FU 600 mg/m2 intravenous bolus over 30 minutes, then 5-FU 600 mg/m2 intravenous infusion over 22 hours, administered on days 1 and 2. This 48-hour cycle was repeated every 14 days. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Concentrations of 5-FU in whole blood, plasma, and red blood cells were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. ADAPT II was used for pharmacokinetic computations. The optimum model was determined for each matrix by calculating Akaike's information criteria values. Concentrations of 5-FU in whole blood were 106-115% of simultaneous plasma concentrations (median 112%), and packed red blood cell levels were 5-17% of plasma concentrations (median 11%). The drug's concentration-time profile was similar in the three matrices. The drug is reported to be unstable in whole blood, and red blood cell 5-FU concentrations were near the limit of detection (10 ng/ml), supporting plasma as the preferred matrix for therapeutic drug monitoring studies. Six pharmacokinetic models were fitted to the 5-FU individual data sets to determine the best curve fit. The optimal model for whole blood and plasma data sets was one compartment with both linear and nonlinear elimination models; a one-compartment model with nonlinear elimination provided the best curve fit for 5-FU in red blood cells. A two-compartment model with nonlinear elimination gave a similar degree of curve fit for plasma 5-FU as the one-compartment model with both linear and nonlinear elimination. CONCLUSIONS: These pharmacokinetic results provide the basis for further investigation into the ability to correlate 5-FU systemic exposure with clinical drug activity.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Monitoring of phenytoin in human breast milk, maternal plasma and cord blood plasma by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography.

A rapid liquid chromatographic method for the quantitation of phenytoin in human breast milk, maternal plasma and cord blood plasma was developed using a Develosil C85 micron reverse phase column and a potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer/acetonitrile mobile phase. Phenytoin and mephenytoin as an internal standard were detected by ultraviolet absorbance at 240 nm. The sample preparation method involves a rapid and simple procedure based on solid-phase extraction using a C18-bonded phase. Phenytoin could be determined in the concentration range of 0.05-3 micrograms ml-1. The recovery of phenytoin added to human breast milk and plasma were 91.6-94.7 and 91.6-96.0%, respectively, with coefficient of variation less than 4.2 and 8.7%. The method has been used for drug level monitoring in the human breast milk, maternal plasma and cord blood plasma samples that were taken from patients treated with phenytoin. The average ratio between the breast milk concentrations versus the plasma concentration was 0.28 +/- 0.1, with a rather poor correlation (r = 0.3033).

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Concentrational changes of mannose-binding proteins in blood plasma during noncomplicated pregnancy and in blood plasma of pregnant women with some infections].

Value of mannose-binding proteins was determined in plasma of pregnant women with no complications and also in pregnant women with some infections using affinitive chromatography. It was found that the concentration of mannose-binding proteins in blood plasma of women equals 0.152+/-0.025 mg/ml. The concentration of mannose-binding proteins in blood plasma increase during the consecutive trimesters of noncomplicated pregnancy. In the first trimester it equals 0.198+/-0.032 mg/ml, in the second 0.257+/-0.027 mg/ml and in the third trimester 0.345+/-0.034 mg/ml. We also found that the concentration of mannose-binding proteins in blood plasma of pregnant woman suffering with chlamydial infection equals 1.025+/-0.115 mg/ml, and in blood plasma of pregnant woman suffering with cytomegalovirus infection 1.278+/-0.144 mg/ml. The obtained data confirm a hypothesis of increased activity of innate immune system during pregnancy. Also according to this results complications accompanied by chlamydial and cytomegalovirus infections during pregnancy is the result of increasing activity of mannose-binding proteins.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Identification of deoxy-D-fructosyl phosphatidylethanolamine as a non-enzymic glycation product of phosphatidylethanolamine and its occurrence in human blood plasma and red blood cells.

The amino-carbonyl reaction (Maillard reaction), also known as glycation, of egg-yolk phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) was induced by incubating PE (50 mg/ml) with D-glucose (222 mM) in a methanol medium containing 2,6-ditert-butyl-p-cresol as an antioxidant at 37 degrees C for 4 days. The resultant product, glycated PE (gPE), was then isolated from the reaction mixture by two-step normal and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with UV diode array detection and was characterized as having a 1:1:1 elemental ratio of phosphorus:nitrogen:sugar. The Fourier transform-nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum and infrared absorbance spectrum indicate the isolated gPE to have been deoxy-D-fructosyl PE, which is an Amadori product of PE. The fast atom bombardmentmass spectrometric data for the glycation product of authentic dioleoyl PE (1,2-di-9-octadecenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine) show that the molecular weight of gPE corresponds to that of glucose-conjugated PE in the form of an Amadori product. This Amadori product formation was also confirmed in PE/phosphate buffer dispersions and in phosphatidylcholine-PE liposome/phosphate buffer suspensions in the presence of D-glucose at 37 degrees C. gPE was degraded by phospholipase A2, C and D. Freshly spiked blood plasma and red blood cells (RBC) from nomal human volunteers contained substantial levels of gPE, the concentration corresponding to at least 9 mol% of PE. Remarkable formation of gPE, up to 15-45 mol% of PE in human blood plasma and RBC, was further confirmed by prolonged incubation with 5-45 mM D-glucose. The gPE formation in RBC was found to be proportional to the glycated hemoglobin formation.

Aging↗
PubMed2001

Amphotericin B lipid complex or amphotericin B multiple-dose administration to rabbits with elevated plasma cholesterol levels: pharmacokinetics in plasma and blood, plasma lipoprotein levels, distribution in tissues, and renal toxicities.

The purpose of the present study was to determine if a relationship exists between the plasma cholesterol concentration, the severity of amphotericin B (AmpB)-induced renal toxicity, and the pharmacokinetics of AmpB in plasma in hypercholesterolemic rabbits administered multiple doses of amphotericin B (AmB) deoxycholate (Doc-AmB) and AmB lipid complex (ABLC). After 7 days of administration of a cholesterol-enriched diet (0.50% [wt/vol]) or a regular rabbit diet, each rabbit was administered a single intravenous bolus of Doc-AmB (n = 8) or ABLC (n = 10) (1.0 mg/kg of body weight) daily for 7 consecutive days (a total of eight doses). Blood samples were obtained daily before and 24 h after the administration of each dose and serially thereafter following the administration of the last dose for the assessment of pharmacokinetics in plasma, kidney toxicity, plasma lipoprotein levels, and drug distribution in tissue. The pharmacokinetics of AmB in blood following the administration of ABLC were also determined in rabbits fed cholesterol-enriched and regular diets (n = 3 each group). Before drug treatment, cholesterol-fed rabbits demonstrated marked increases in total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) cholesterol levels in plasma compared with the levels in rabbits on a regular diet. No significant differences in total plasma triglyceride levels were observed. Significant increases in plasma creatinine levels were observed in rabbits fed a cholesterol-enriched diet (P < 0.05) and rabbits fed a regular diet (P < 0.05) when administered AmB. However, the magnitude of this increase was twofold greater in rabbits fed a regular diet than in rabbits fed a cholesterol-enriched diet. An increase in plasma creatinine levels was observed only in rabbits on a cholesterol-enriched diet administered ABLC. The pharmacokinetics of AmB were significantly altered in rabbits on a cholesterol-enriched diet administered Doc-AmB or ABLC compared to those in rabbits on a regular diet administered each of these compounds. The pharmacokinetics of AmB in blood were significantly different following ABLC administration but not following Doc-AmB administration in both rabbits fed cholesterol-enriched diets and rabbits fed regular diets compared to their corresponding pharmacokinetics in plasma. An increased percentage of AmB was recovered in the TRL fraction when Doc-AmB was administered to rabbits fed a cholesterol-enriched diet than when it was administered to rabbits fed a regular diet. Furthermore, an increased percentage of AmB was recovered in the LDL and TRL fractions when ABLC was administered to rabbits fed a cholesterol-enriched diet rabbits fed a regular diet. These findings suggest that an increase in plasma cholesterol levels modifies the pharmacokinetics of AmB and renal toxicity following the administration of multiple intravenous doses of Doc-AmB and ABLC.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1979

[Proteolytic activity of blood plasma and hemolysed blood in dogs after acute chlorophos poisoning].

On dogs under Eunarkon anesthesia (0,03 ml Eunarkon/kg body weight) after one intramuscular lethal injection of phoschlor (500 mg/lg body weight = LD100) the proteolytic activity (APR) was estimated in the blood plasma at pH 3,5-APR-3,5 and in the hemolyzed blood at pH-7,4-APR-7,4. The results showed that heavy poisoning with phoschlor led to metabolic disturbances in the proteolytic system of the blood plasma and blood, the expression of which was increasing in the course of time a statistically important increase (alpha = 0,001) of APR-3,5 and APR-7,4. APR induction in blood is not a result of direct activation of enzymes by pesticides. It takes place outside the circulation system.

Acute Disease↗