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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Not modern-day body-snatching: the response of the public.

At recent presentations on the history of anatomy in the West of Scotland, our group has been asked whether we would regard the revelations of 1999-2001 about organ retention as a modern form of body-snatching. We have compared newspaper reports of the Glasgow Herald from 1823 to 1832, the decade prior to the Anatomy Act of 1832, and the Herald, Sunday Herald and Evening Times from 1999 to 2001. Clearly body-snatchers appropriated whole corpses while the recent troubles concerned individual organs. Body-snatching was illegal while the crisis over organ retention arose from differing expectations between the medical profession and the public. Both practices caused huge public concern and distress to relatives. There are, however, interesting differences between the two sets of reports. The public had been aware of body-snatching for many years prior to the Anatomy Act, which regulated the supply of cadavers, whereas revelations about organ retention came as a shock. In the organ retention crisis, the parents of the children were more organised in supporting each other and in campaigning for change than were the public in the days of the resurrectionists.

Biomedical Research↗
PubMed2001

Art macabre: resurrectionists and anatomists.

The teaching of anatomy in England and Scotland from the 16th to the 19th centuries was carried out by the Companies of Barber Surgeons and also there were a number of private schools. The only sources of material for dissection and study were the gallows or the grave and the supply from the former was limited by law. Therefore the latter became the source of a saleable commodity, and so the profession of grave robbing became established. The taking of bodies was abhorrent to the populace, fights and riots would sometimes occur and public outrage was directed towards anatomists. The passing of the Anatomy Act of 1832 helped bring an end to the grisly business of snatching bodies, but the supply of material for study still remained a problem. In the 1920s there was a change in public attitude toward dissection which resulted in an increase in the donation of bodies.

Anatomy↗
PubMed1995

The life and times of James Jeffray, Regius Professor of Anatomy, University of Glasgow 1790-1848.

James Jeffray, Regius Professor of Anatomy at Glasgow University from 1790 -1848, worked at a time when the only legal support of material for dissection was the bodies of hanged criminals. The Napoleonic Wars created a large demand for anatomical teaching and Jeffray saw the height of the body-snatching era. At Glasgow University, Jeffray supervised the establishment of the Hunterian Museum, negotiated a separate Chair of Botany and was a prime mover in founding the Botanic Gardens. The fetal circulation was a special interest and he is remembered as the inventor of the chain saw, which he designed from a watch chain for use in excision of diseased joints in an effort to prevent amputation.

Anatomy↗
PubMed2003

Young weightlifters' performance across time.

Prestigious professional organisations have questioned the efficacy of resistive training by children or have often neglected to address weightlifting in their position papers on resistive training for children. The purpose of this paper was to address the deficit in data regarding the efficacy of training children for weightlifting and to report data regarding to safety in this population. Eleven subjects (3 female, 8 male) who had trained at the USA Weightlifting Development Centre in Shreveport Louisiana for a minimum of 22 months (mean = 28.8; SD +/- 4.4) served as subjects for this study. Means for the pool of subjects subjected to t-test to compare data obtained at each subject's initial competition with that obtained at the individual's most recent competition revealed significant positive changes in body weight, snatch weight, clean and jerk weight, and total weight lifted. The latter three were significant both in absolute weight and in weight lifted per kg of body weight. Total weight lifted at competitions plotted separately for boys and for girls across time indicated an apparently steeper slope of improvement for boys. The latter were not tested for significance because of the small sample sizes. The lack of injury in training and in 534 competitive lifts was discussed. None required medical attention or loss of training time. It was concluded that there can be no doubt regarding the efficacy of weightlifting as carried out at the USA Weightlifting Development Centre. The importance of proper application of scientific theory of conditioning in a conservative manner for this population was emphasised.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2002

Snatch technique of collegiate national level weightlifters.

Bar trajectory during weightlifting movements is related to the position of the body during the lift and the displacement of the feet during the drop-under phase. The purpose of this study was to examine anterior-posterior foot displacement and its relationship with performance in the snatch of collegiate weightlifters. Snatch attempts of men weightlifters from the 1998 U.S.A. Weightlifting Collegiate National Championships were analyzed for horizontal displacement of the feet by video analysis. Lifts were analyzed under 2 conditions: all lifts combined and the heaviest successful attempt for each lifter. Lifts (n = 74) were placed into 4 groups: forward displacement (FD, >2.5 cm); no displacement (ND, +/-2.5 cm); rearward displacement (RD, >2.5 cm); and those that showed asymmetric (AS, >7 cm difference in right and left foot) displacement of the feet. Chi-square revealed no significant difference in success rate between groups for all attempts. No statistically significant differences were noted between groups in body mass to bar mass ratio or Sinclair formula for heaviest successful attempts. Results indicate that foot displacement did not significantly affect snatch success or lifting ability in collegiate national level lifters.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Body-mass dependence of age-related deterioration in human muscular function.

Maximal anaerobic power of human muscles declines with increasing chronological age and is correlated with body mass. This study investigated whether the rate of deterioration in human muscular function among trained weight lifters is also correlated with body mass. Cross-sectional analysis of performance data of over 1,100 Masters competitors in Olympic-style weight lifting was carried out; eight body-weight classes and six age groups were represented. Two-lift total data (sum of snatch and clean and jerk lifts) were analyzed. Mean deterioration rates in the performance of athletes of widely diverse body masses were compared over the following age ranges: 42-57, 42-62, and 42-67 yr. No statistically significant correlation (P < 0.05) was found between rate of performance decline and body mass. The relationship between body mass and the magnitude of age-related variation of deterioration rate was also studied; no significant correlation was found. Previous studies have demonstrated that performance in Olympic-style weight lifting is correlated with maximal anaerobic muscular power. This leads us to suggest that the age-related deterioration rate of anaerobic power in trained subjects may not be correlated with the body mass of the individual.

Adult↗