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Results for “BREAST FEEDING”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Does breast-feeding prevent breast cancer?].

Many epidemiological studies show clearly the restraining effect of breast-feeding on breast cancer. So it could be shown that breast-feeding for one year reduces the individual risk for premenopausal breast cancer by 45%. The risk of postmenopausal breast cancer in the developed countries could be decreased by 42% by increasing the breast-feeding time in life. Most authors assume that the protective value of breast-feeding is hormone-conditioned. Further theoretical implications result from the increasing knowledge of the immunologic characteristics of the mother's milk. Beside well-known positive effects of breast-feeding on children's health, breast-feeding should also be further promoted from the view of women's health.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed2006

An exploration of the relationship between postnatal distress and maternal role attainment, breast feeding problems and breast feeding cessation in Australia.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the relationships between maternal distress, breast feeding cessation, breast feeding problems and breast feeding maternal role attainment. DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort study. SETTING: Three urban hospitals within Sydney, Australia. PARTICIPANTS: 449 women were invited to participate in the study, with an 81% response rate. MEASUREMENT: Self-report questionnaires were used to collect the data in pregnancy (28-36 weeks) and 2 weeks and 3 months after birth. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to measure postnatal distress, and the Maternal Role Attainment subscale (MRA) of the Maternal Breast Feeding Evaluation Scale (MBFES) was used to measure breast feeding maternal role attainment. FINDINGS: Women with high MRA were less likely to stop breast feeding (even when they had breast feeding problems) than women with low MRA. Antenatal EPDS and anxiety scores were not related to breast feeding cessation or breast feeding problems when analysed alone. As hypothesised, the relationship between breast feeding cessation and postnatal distress (EPDS scores) varied according to MRA level. Women who were categorised as high MRA and no longer breast feeding had higher EPDS scores and were more likely to be categorised as distressed (36%) than women who had low MRA (<12%) or women who had high MRA and continued to breast feed (7%). IMPLICATIONS: There is a complex relationship between maternal identity, stopping breast feeding earlier than desired, and psychological distress. Women with strong beliefs about the importance of breast feeding to their maternal role may benefit from psychological assessment and support should they decide to stop breast feeding earlier.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

A case-control study of parity, age at first full-term pregnancy, breast feeding and breast cancer in Taiwanese women.

A hospital-based case-control study was designed herein to investigate the relationship between parity, breast feeding and breast cancer in Taiwan. Reproductive histories of patients with breast cancer confirmed by either pathology or cytology were assessed by questionnaire and compared with age-matched healthy controls. One hundred and fourteen cases and 228 age-matched controls were recruited for this study. According to those results, women having had more than three full-term pregnancies, age at first full-term pregnancy younger than 30, and breast feeding for more than 3 years displayed significantly protective effects against breast cancer. Following adjustment for ethnicity and menopausal status, women with more than three full-term pregnancies and younger than 30 years old at first full-term pregnancy had a decreased risk of breast cancer. However, duration of breast feeding was not related to breast cancer, after adjustment for ethnicity and menopausal status. The effect of number of full-term pregnancies on the risk of breast cancer was found to be independent of the effect of age at first full-term pregnancy. Moreover, the effect of age at first full-term pregnancy and number of full-term pregnancies was also independent of the effect of breast feeding.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed2002

The relationship between pacifier use, bottle feeding and breast feeding.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of pacifier use and the introduction of formula milk on breast feeding. METHODS: The mothers of 356 healthy newborn infants who initiated breast feeding while in-patients were interviewed within 3 days of birth and later at 2 and 6 months postpartum. Information regarding previous birth, breast-feeding frequency, pacifier use and the adoption of formula milk were obtained. The data were analyzed using chi2 and Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS: At the end of the second month, 264 (74%) of the mothers were still breast feeding; by the end of the sixth month this had fallen to 236 (66%). Among the 356 mothers, 152 had at least one previous infant, and 132 (86.8%) of them had breast fed a previous infant. Of the women who breast fed their previous infant for more than 2 months, 112 (84.8%) breast fed the current child until the end of the second month and 104 (78.7%) until the end of the sixth month after delivery. Of all investigated patients, 204 were primiparous (57.3%). Of these, 152 (74.5%) breast fed until the end of the second month, and 132 (64.7%) until the end of the sixth month after delivery. Amongthe 204 primiparae, 92 (45%) gave formula to their newborn infants. Forty-four of these 92 mothers (47.8%) had discontinued breast feeding by the end of the second month. Among the 356 newborn infants, 220 used pacifiers at the end of the second month. Within this group, 72 (33%) of the infants did not breast feed, while 148 (67%) did breast feed. Of all investigated mothers, 136 did not give pacifiers to their infants and only eight of these mothers (6%) had stopped breast feeding at the end of the second month. CONCLUSIONS: We found an inverse correlation between pacifier usage and breast feeding. Breast feeding was most common among multiparous mothers.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1990

Effect of naloxone on neurohypophyseal peptide responses to breast feeding and breast stimulation in man.

We have investigated the role of endogenous opioid peptides in the release of oxytocin (OT) in response to breast feeding and breast stimulation in humans. Five breast feeding women were studied on two separate occasions within 4 weeks of delivery. Saline or naloxone, 4 mg bolus and 6 mg/h, was administered intravenously, in random order. Blood samples were taken at regular intervals. In the saline-infused group OT rose from a baseline of 1.1 +/- 0.1 pmol/l (mean +/- SEM) to a peak of 7.0 +/- 0.9 after 6 min, and in the naloxone-infused group from 1.0 +/- 0.1 pmol/l to 5.8 +/- 1.3 (P less than 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups at any time point. Plasma vasopressin (AVP) did not change. In the second study six women in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle were investigated on two occasions at least 48 h apart. They were similarly infused with either naloxone or saline in random sequence. A mechanical breast pump provided breast stimulation. In saline-infused women OT levels rose from a baseline of 1.0 +/- 0.1 pmol/l (mean +/- SEM) to a peak of 3.0 +/- 1.1 (P less than 0.05) after 6 min, and in naloxone infused women from 1.1 +/- 0.1 pmol/l to 3.0 +/- 1.4 (NS). There were no differences in OT between the groups. AVP did not change. We conclude that endogenous opioid peptides do not modulate OT release during breast feeding or breast stimulation in women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Effect of the method of breast feeding on breast engorgement, mastitis and infantile colic.

This exploratory study compared the effect of two methods of breast feeding on breast engorgement, mastitis, infantile colic and duration of breast feeding. An opportunity sample of subjects was assigned either to the experimental group (prolonged emptying of one breast at each feed) (n = 150) or to the control group (both breasts equally drained at each feed) (n = 152) and both groups were followed prospectively to 6 months after delivery. The experimental group had a lower incidence of breast engorgement in the first week (61.4% versus 74.3%; p < 0.02) and colic over the first 6 months (12% versus 23.4%; p < 0.02). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of mastitis over 6 months and the length of breast feeding (16.5 +/- 10.3 weeks versus 17.5 +/- 10 weeks experimental versus control group). The majority of mothers in the experimental group (63%) felt it necessary to offer the second breast at the end of a feed to satisfy their infant's hunger. The "perceived insufficient milk supply syndrome" was the main reason given for cessation of breast feeding in both groups. This study provides data to advise nursing mothers about these two methods of breast feeding.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Breast feeding and breast cancer.

Clinicians who deal with numerous cases of breast cancer are aware of the fact that there is some relationship between childbearing and breast cancer, and also that nulliparous women are probably more prone to breast cancer than their parous sister. however, a relationship between breast feeding and breast cancer is not certain. This is a preliminary report on a study of the breast feeding habits of breast cancer patients and non-cancerous patients, after an attempt was made to match controls for parity and age.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Breast feeding.

Breast feeding is becoming more popular among all socioeconomic classes. By providing instruction and care of the mother and infant, the physician can greatly enhance the chances for success. Although breast feeding is a natural function, the proper technique needs to be learned. There are relatively few contraindications. The infant requires vitamin K at the first opportunity and supplementation with vitamin D and fluoride as necessary. Recommended daily dietary allowances are increased for nursing mothers. The physician must understand the effects of different contraceptive methods on lactation.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed2005

Influence of education at The Childbirth School on Breast Feeding.

Breast feeding is the only proper way to feed a newborn and a baby during the first several months of his life. The most professional way of preparation for natural feeding is The Childbirth School. Education ought to be continued in maternity wards. The aim of this study is to prove that women who participated in The Childbirth Courses are better motivated and prepared for breast feeding. Material and methodology. The research comprised 294 lying-in women hospitalized in maternity ward in Clinic of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin from June 2001 to December 2002. The examined women were divided into two groups: Group I--"study group"--comprised 129 lying-in women who attended the childbirth school courses during at least one pregnancy, but no earlier than 2 years ago. Group II--"control group" (reference group)--included 165 lying-in women who did not participate in any organized forms of prenatal education. Every woman who agreed to participate in the research was accepted. There was applied analysis of lying-in woman's documentation and author's questionnaire which was also used for further research. As a result of the research it was found that The Childbirth School increases motivation for natural feeding and prepares women for this activity. It also showed that more emphasis should be given to childbirth education for puerperal women in maternity wards; it refers in special to those women who did not attend The Childbirth School.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Behavior and opinions of health care personnel with regard to breast feeding].

Breast feeding (BF) practice is related to cultural, social and economic patterns of the future mothers; nevertheless hospital personnel seems to have some influence on infant feeding habits. This study describes the professional practices among personnel in the maternity hospitals of the Departement de la Seine Maritime (France) and reports their opinions about BF. Most of the respondents consider that they have a small role in influencing the decision to breast feed, the choice being made before pregnancy. Delivery training sessions seem to be the most suitable time for information about BF. Psychological arguments are considered as the most effective approach. BF is not estimated as leading to an increased work goal by hospital personnel. BF appears to be generally well controlled by mothers before discharge. Technical factors were given as the primary influencing reason for cessation of BF. This survey indicates several ways for establishing future health education programs for the promotion of BF.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed2000

Representing infant feeding: content analysis of British media portrayals of bottle feeding and breast feeding.

OBJECTIVE: To examine how breast feeding and bottle feeding are represented by the British media. DESIGN: Content analysis. SUBJECTS: Television programmes and newspaper articles that made reference to infant feeding during March 1999. SETTING: UK mass media. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Visual and verbal references to breast or bottle feeding in newspapers and television programmes. RESULTS: Overall, 235 references to infant feeding were identified in the television sample and 38 in the newspaper sample. Bottle feeding was shown more often than breast feeding and was presented as less problematic. Bottle feeding was associated with "ordinary" families whereas breast feeding was associated with middle class or celebrity women. The health risks of formula milk and the health benefits of breast feeding were rarely mentioned. CONCLUSIONS: The media rarely present positive information on breast feeding, even though this feeding practice is associated with the most health benefits. Health professionals and policy makers should be aware of patterns in media coverage and the cultural background within which women make decisions about infant feeding.

Attitude to Health↗