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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Randomized study comparing the efficacy of a novel manual breast pump with a mini-electric breast pump in mothers of term infants.

The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of a mini-electric pump (MEP) and a novel manual breast pump (MP) designed to operate more physiologically. Sixty term breastfeeding mothers used the MP and MEP in randomized order 8 weeks postpartum, expressing for 10 minutes from each breast. Milk volume, fat content, and pattern of milk flow were measured. Mothers rated pump characteristics by questionnaire. There was no significant difference in the milk volume or fat content when mothers used the pumps in randomized order. The MP was rated significantly better overall and more comfortable and pleasant to use. Significantly more mothers kept the MP than the MEP. Despite the greater complexity and expense of the MEP, the pumps showed similar efficacy. The MP was preferred by mothers. The novel, more physiological operation of the MP represents an advance in milk expression technology.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Randomized trial comparing the efficacy of a novel manual breast pump with a standard electric breast pump in mothers who delivered preterm infants.

OBJECTIVE: The benefits of human milk for preterm infants are widely recognized, yet technological advances in milk expression have been slow. We compared the efficacy of a standard electric pump (EP; Egnell) used in 94% of United Kingdom neonatal units with a novel manual pump (MP; Avent ISIS) designed to operate more physiologically by simulating the infant's compressive action on the areola during breastfeeding. METHODS: We randomized 145 women who delivered infants of <35 weeks' gestation to use the MP or the EP and measured total milk volume expressed while using the randomized pump during the infant's hospital stay, pattern of milk output and creamatocrit of milk expressed during a test period in the second week, and pump characteristics by maternal questionnaire. RESULTS: Mothers who used the EP, who frequently double pumped, showed shorter expression times but produced no more milk than mothers who used the MP. When both pumped sequentially, however, mothers who used the MP showed significantly greater milk flow and total volume over 20 minutes. Creamatocrit was unaffected by pump type. The MP was rated significantly higher than the EP on 5 major characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: When compared on equal terms (sequential pumping), mothers who used the MP showed greater milk flow, perhaps reflecting more physiologic pump design. Even with double pumping, mothers who used the EP did not advantage their infants with greater milk production. We believe that this novel, effective MP, preferred by mothers and costing a fraction of the EP price, reflects a significant advance in milk expression for high-risk infants.breast pumps, randomized trial, preterm infants.

Breast↗
PubMed2006

Breast pump access in the inner city: a hospital-based initiative to provide breast pumps for low-income women.

An effective electric breast pump is an important tool for the management of breastfeeding challenges such as provision of human milk to sick or premature infants. A breast pump is also, in Western culture, critical for breastfeeding mothers who return to work. Obtaining an effective electric breast pump can be particularly difficult for uninsured or impoverished women because of the expense, complicated insurance reimbursements, and scarcity of providers that supply breast pumps to the inner-city community. To address this problem at Boston Medical Center (BMC), an inner-city hospital that serves a poor and minority urban population, members of the Breastfeeding Center worked with a local charity and local insurance companies to increase access to pumps for all women at BMC and to guarantee that every breastfeeding mother with an infant in the neonatal intensive care unit receive a double-setup electric breast pump, regardless of her insurance status or ability to pay.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed2001

Impact of breast pumping on lactogenesis stage II after cesarean delivery: a randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: Women at risk for delayed onset of lactation are often advised to pump their breasts before lactogenesis stage II to hasten the timing of this process. The effectiveness of this clinical practice has not been previously evaluated. This study investigates the effects of breast pumping before the onset of lactation on early milk transfer and subsequent breastfeeding duration among women giving birth by cesarean delivery. METHODOLOGY: Sixty women were randomly assigned to either the pumping group (n = 30), which used a double electric breast pump for six 10- to 15-minute sessions from 24 to 72 hours postpartum, or to the control group (n = 30), which held the pump to their breasts without suction for the same amount of time. Milk transfer was assessed by test weighing infants before and after 3 breastfeeding sessions daily. Test weight data were fitted to a second-order polynomial curve, to predict milk transfer over time. RESULTS: Breast pumping between 24 and 72 hours after cesarean delivery did not improve milk transfer. Participants in the pumping group tended to have lower milk transfer than did controls. Primiparae in the pumping group breastfed for ~5 months less than their counterparts in the control group; however, this difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Breast pumping did not improve milk transfer during the first 72 hours postpartum and may negatively affect breastfeeding duration among primiparous women. lactation, lactogenesis, breast milk, breast pumping, milk expression, breastfeeding, cesarean delivery.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Breast pump adverse events: reports to the food and drug administration.

Breast pumps are medical devices used to express milk and maintain the milk supply. The purpose of this study was to characterize adverse events reported to the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on breast pumps. Thirty-seven adverse event reports on breast pumps were identified from the Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience database between 1992 and 2003. Four additional reports were found in the Device Experience Network database from 1992 to 1996. The most commonly reported adverse events for electric breast pumps were pain, soreness, or discomfort; the need for medical intervention; and breast tissue damage. Most frequently reported problems for manual breast pumps were breast tissue damage and infection. Contamination of breast milk during pumping was also reported. Breast pump adverse events are likely underreported to the FDA. Reporting adverse events is important for improving the design and manufacture of breast pumps and subsequently decreasing adverse events.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Sequential and simultaneous breast pumping: a comparison.

This study compared sequential single-breast pumping with simultaneous double-breast pumping using an interrupted time series design to determine if (a) milk volume differed by pumping regimen; (b) the time needed to pump the breasts differed by pumping regimen; and (c) the milk fat concentrations differed by pumping regimen. In both limited and unlimited pumping sessions, the simultaneous double pumping option obtained higher mean milk volumes, reaching statistical significance in three of the four comparisons. Differences in milk fat concentrations were not statistically significant, when simultaneous breast pumping occurred, as compared with sequential pumping. Mothers' preferences regarding pumping regimen influenced mean milk volumes obtained in the direction of the women's preferences.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The effect of sequential and simultaneous breast pumping on milk volume and prolactin levels: a pilot study.

Mothers who must express milk for a prolonged period frequently report that milk volumes decrease. The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the feasibility of having a sample of lactating mothers of preterm infants follow a specific breast pumping protocol, express milk mechanically for six weeks, and have a subsample consent to venipuncture. This pilot study compared the effects of pumping breasts sequentially or simultaneously on milk volume and prolactin levels in mothers of preterm infants. Nine lactating mothers were randomly assigned to a sequential single or simultaneous double electric breast pumping system. Prolactin levels were examined in four mothers on days 21 and 42 postpartum. The sequential single and simultaneous double groups had mean baseline prolactin levels of 50.8 ng/ml and 40.6 ng/ml, respectively on day 21, and 26.6 ng/ml and 34.5 ng/ml, respectively, on day 42 postpartum. At 9 and 12 weeks postpartum mothers were queried about their lactational status. The results suggested that milk yield may be maintained or increased with frequent use of the simultaneous double pumping system. Further study is needed to confirm results of this pilot study.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Compression stimuli increase the efficacy of breast pump function.

OBJECTIVE: The dynamics of milk ejection and also prolactin concentration in the blood during milk expression by means of a breast pump were studied in 82 lactating women. STUDY DESIGN: The design of the breast pump used in this study is new. It is based on the correlation with the amplitude, duration and frequency of vacuum and compression stimuli formed by the baby's mouth apparatus during the suckling process. RESULTS: It was found that during continuous co-action of the vacuum and compression stimuli at a frequency of 1 cycle per second, the rate of milk ejection from the breast changed periodically. The highest rates of milk ejection coincided with the greatest rises in intramammary pressure. When the compression stimulus was turned off, leaving only the vacuum, the period of the first rise in pressure increased 1.5-2 fold, with a 1.5-2 fold reduction in the milk ejection rate as compared with the normal function of the breast pump. The basal prolactin level on day 3 and 5 post delivery in women who used a breast pump was not significantly different from that of puerperal women who only breast-fed their babies. Prolactin concentration in the blood of puerperal women did not change within the 5-6 min of expression and stimulation with the breast pump. The prolactin level began to increase by the 10th minute, whereas by the 25th minute it exceeded the initial concentration 1.3-1.5-fold. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that by introducing a tactile component to the mechanism of the breast pump, milk secretion is enhanced, as well as stimulating the breast milk flow. This directly improves the dynamics of breast milk expression.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Contamination of breast milk obtained by manual expression and breast pumps in mothers of very low birthweight infants.

The objective of this study was to compare the rates of bacterial contamination of expressed breast milk (EBM) obtained by manual expression and breast pumps in mothers of very low birthweight (VLBW) infants (<1501 g). This was a randomized, controlled study carried out on 28 mothers of such babies and 92 specimens of EBM were collected: 41 specimens from 13 mothers assigned to the manual group and 51 specimens from 15 mothers in the breast-pump group. EBM was cultured quantitatively by the Miles and Misra method. Breast milk expressed by breast pumps (86.3% or 44/51 specimens) had a significantly higher rate of bacterial contamination than milk expressed by the manual method (61.0% or 25/41 specimens) (P= 0.005). When breast milk was expressed in the hospital, there was no significant difference in contamination rates between the two methods. When breast milk was expressed at home, the rates of bacterial contamination by staphylococci (P= 0.003) and Gram-negative bacilli (P= 0.002) were significantly higher in the breast-pump group than the manual group. In conclusion, the rate of bacterial contamination of EBM of mothers of VLBW infants was high, especially when EBM was obtained by the breast pump or when expression was carried out at home.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Dynamics of human milk extraction: a comparative study of breast feeding and breast pumping.

We describe a mathematical model of the flow and deformation in a human teat. Our aim is to compare the theoretical milk yield during infant breast feeding with that obtained through the use of a breast pump. Infants use a peristaltic motion of the tongue, along with some suction, to extract milk, whereas breast pumps use a cyclic pattern of suction only. Our model is based on quasi-linear poroelasticity whereby the teat is modelled as a cylindrical porous elastic material saturated with fluid. We impose a cyclic axial suction pressure difference across the teat and impose a radial compressive force moving along the teat which mimics infant suckling. This is compared to the case of cyclic and steady pumping only which models the action of breast pumps. The results illustrate that there is an optimal time to apply the compressive force during the suction cycle that will increase the flow rate in our theoretical teat. The model and results may be of use in the future design of effective breast pumps.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1997

Comparing breastfeeding and breast pumps using a computer model.

There is a role for computer models in increasing the understanding of milk extraction from the human teat. A computer model can be used to investigate aspects of extracting milk from the human teat which are not feasible using clinical experiments. In this paper, the behavior of the human teat during an infant suckling and with the use of a breast pump is modeled. The model is used to (1) identify the role of suction and the peristaltic motion of the tongue during suckling and (2) compare the volume of milk extracted by an infant breastfeeding with that obtained using a breast pump. Infants use a peristaltic motion of the tongue, along with some suction, to extract milk. Breast pumps use a cyclic pattern of suction only. In the model, the human teat is represented as a cylindrical porous elastic material saturated with fluid. We mimic an infant suckling by imposing both suction and a peristaltic force in the computer model of the human teat. This is compared to the effect of suction only, which models the action of breast pumps. The results demonstrate that there is an optimal time to apply the peristaltic force during the suction cycle which will increase the milk volume. The model and results may be of use in the future design of effective breast pumps.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed2003

Response of breasts to different stimulation patterns of an electric breast pump.

To test the effect on milk ejection, an electric breast pump was programmed to provide pumping patterns with frequencies of 45 to 125 cycles/min and vacuums of 45 to -273 mm Hg. The time taken for milk ejection to occur (measured using ultrasound to detect a dilation of a lactiferous duct in the opposite breast) in response to the current Medela electric breast pump pattern (45 cycles/min) was 147 +/- 13 s. For patterns that more closely resemble the sucking frequency of an infant when it first attaches to the breast, milk ejection occurred between 136 +/- 12 and 104 +/- 10 s, although this difference was not statistically significant. Milk ejection in response to breastfeeding occurred after 56 +/- 4 s. The applied vacuum affected the amount of milk that was removed up to 50 to 70 s after milk ejection but not the time for milk ejection.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

A bacteriological examination of breast pumps.

In an investigation of the source of an outbreak of Serratia marcescens infection in a special care baby unit, several breast pumps used in the hospital and community were examined. The epidemic strain was isolated from two pumps and other Gram-negative organisms, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus faecalis were isolated from seven. The findings indicate that breast pumps may be a potential source of contamination of the user, her breast milk, infant and environment. Our recommendations regarding the use of breast pumps are presented.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1986

Induction of labor with an electric breast pump.

Nipple stimulation with an electric breast pump was compared with oxytocin infusion as a means of labor induction. The time from stimulation to the onset of regular uterine activity and to 200 Montevideo units of uterine activity and the time until entrance into the active phase of labor were significantly shorter in the nipple stimulation group. Once the women were in active labor, there was no difference between the groups in the length of labor or mode of delivery.

Breast↗
PubMed1995

Use of a mirror to assist breast pumping.

This case describes a woman who was unable to position the shields of a breast pump properly onto her breasts. Several thoracic surgeries as well as a spinal fusion contributed to her physical limitations. Using a mirror to watch herself place the breast shields enabled her to pump effectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

An evaluation of breast pumps currently available on the American market.

Eight breast pumps commonly seen in clinical practice were measured and ranked for desirability in eight categories: pressure range, pressure control, size and shape of nipple cup, volume accommodation, visual feedback, ease of cleaning, ease of handling, and cost. Three scored relatively high (Egnell, Kaneson, and Loyd-B), three scored low (Gomco, Davol, and Bintner), and two appeared to be frequently ineffective (Evenflo and Ora'lac).

Breast Feeding↗