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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Tissue essential fatty acid composition and competitive response to dietary manipulations in white bass (Morone chrysops), striped bass (M. saxatilis) and hybrid striped bass (M. chrysopsxM. saxatilis).

The effects of wide changes in dietary levels of docosahexaenoic (DHA) or arachidonic (ArA) acids on growth, survival and fatty acid composition in body tissues of Morone larvae were examined. White bass (WB, Morone chrysops), striped bass (SB, Morone saxatilis) and sunshine hybrid bass (HSB, M. chrysopsxM. saxatilis) larvae (day 24-46) were fed Artemia nauplii enriched with algal sources of varying proportions of DHA and ArA (from 0 to over 20% of total fatty acids). WB larvae fed DHA-deficient Artemia diet retarded over 50% of their potential growth, however, increasing dietary DHA/ArA ratios were associated with a significant growth improvement. The highest proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids was found in WB neural tissue (approx. 50% of total fatty acids), while HSB neural tissue contained the highest proportion of saturated fatty acids (approx. 35% of total fatty acids). Within the neural tissues of all Morone larvae, both DHA and ArA were generally the most dominant as well as the most responding fatty acids to dietary manipulations (except in WB fed DHA or ArA deficient diets). HSB neural tissue was particularly efficient in retaining a significant amount of DHA in the face of dietary deficiency. However, WB neural tissue was the most responsive to dietary increase in DHA, accumulating a significantly higher amount of DHA (P<0.05) than SB or HSB. Results demonstrate significant differences in fatty acid composition and growth responsiveness to dietary manipulations between Morone larvae species and within specific tissues. WB weight gain and neural tissue composition was affected most by dietary changes in both DHA and ArA whereas SB and HSB tissue compositions were generally less affected by dietary manipulations.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Secondary stress responses to acute handling in striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops x Morone saxatilis).

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that, compared with pure striped bass, hybrid striped bass have reduced secondary physiologic responses to handling stress. A secondary objective was to determine whether not feeding fish for a 3-day period affected responses. ANIMALS: Hatchery-reared adult striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and adult hybrids of striped bass with white bass (M chrysops), with mean length of 27.9 cm and mean weight of 487 g. PROCEDURE: Fed and 3-day nonfed fish, in groups of 6, were held in dip nets above water for 3 minutes. Severity of response to handling was determined by measuring plasma glucose and chloride and blood lactic acid, sodium, and potassium concentrations. Terminal samples were taken from fish before handling (control), immediately after handling, and after 12, 24, and 48 hours of recovery. RESULTS: Striped bass were hyperglycemic and lactacidemic after stress and for 12 to 48 hours afterward, whereas glucose and lactic acid values in hybrids were essentially unchanged. Blood sodium and chloride concentrations of hybrids decreased after stress, then returned to control values within 24 hours. Striped bass, however, had a greater decrease in values for these electrolytes and failed to recover in 48 hours. Blood potassium concentration remained unchanged in all test groups. Nonfeeding for 3 days before handling did not appear to affect stress response in striped bass or hybrids. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Striped bass have an appreciably greater response to acute handling stresses, such as those that may be experienced in hatcheries and experimental laboratories, than do hybrid bass. Thus, pure striped bass require more care in handling. The usual practice of not feeding before handling does not affect physiologic responses.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1994

Quantitative comparison of the stress response of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and hybrid striped bass (Morone saxatilis x Morone chrysops and Morone saxatilis x Morone americana).

Striped bass (Morone saxatilis) exposed to a standardized confinement stress had markedly different clinical and endocrinologic responses, compared with hybrid striped bass exposed to the same stress. Plasma cortisol concentration increased at a faster rate and appeared to reach a higher value in striped bass than in hybrid bass. Mean plasma cortisol concentration was 742 +/- 43 ng/ml in striped bass, compared with 490 +/- 37 and 531 +/- 40 ng/ml in striped bass x white perch (M americana) and striped bass x white bass (M chrysops) hybrids, respectively, after a 45-minute net confinement. Plasma cortisol concentration also remained significantly (P = 0.003) higher in striped bass for at least 48 hours after the net confinement. These hormonal differences were associated with a markedly lower survival and resistance to infection in striped bass, compared with the hybrids.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2004

Occurrence of acanthocephalans in largemouth bass and smallmouth bass (Centrarchidae) from Gull Lake, Michigan.

A total of 65 largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, and 27 smallmouth bass, M. dolomieu, collected in April-September 2000 and April-July 2001 from Gull Lake, Michigan, were examined for acanthocephalans. Leptorhynchoides thecatus and Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus infected all the bass examined. Leptorhynchoides thecatus had the highest mean intensity (258.2 +/- 185.4 in 2000 and 145.0 +/- 61.0 in 2001) of the species infecting smallmouth bass. Although N. cylindratus had higher mean intensities (42.1 +/- 37.9 in 2000 and 68.9 +/- 70.5 in 2001) than did L. thecatus in largemouth bass, the values were not significantly different between bass species. The prevalence, mean intensity, and mean abundance of Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli in the bass species were below the values for the other acanthocephalan species. Leptorhynchoides thecatus and N. cylindratus are the most abundant intestinal helminths in bass from Gull Lake.

Acanthocephala↗
PubMed1988

Interaction of bass tapeworm, Proteocephalus ambloplitis, and Neoechinorhynchus sp. (Acanthocephala) in largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides.

The number of plerocercoids of the bass tapeworm, Proteocephalus ambloplitis, in wild largemouth bass was negatively correlated (r = -0.94) with the number of Neoechinorhynchus sp. Competitive inhibition between the 2 parasites appeared to exist. Similarly, the numbers of Neoechinorhynchus sp. in wild bass decreased when adult bass tapeworms were present in the intestine. Proteocephalus ambloplitis plerocercoids used to challenge bass vaccinated with either P. ambloplitis adult or Neoechinorhynchus sp. antigens were smaller (P less than 0.05) when recovered than those used to challenge control bass. Based on preliminary results, both antigens might have enabled the bass to limit growth and/or development of the invading bass tapeworm, plerocercoids. Cross-protective immunity may be the reason for this occurrence, in which case, it could offer an explanation for competitive inhibition existing between P. ambloplitis and Neoechinorhynchus sp.

Acanthocephala↗
PubMed1981

Protein requirements of smallmouth bass and largemouth bass.

Protein requirements of young smallmouth and largemouth bass reared near ideal water temperatures were estimated as an initial step in quantifying specific nutrients essential to these fishes. Test fish were conditioned to accept pelleted rations, reared in small circular tanks and fed all they would easily consume at each feeding. Six levels of dietary protein were evaluated and gross energy of test diets ranged from 4,219 to 4,793 kcal per kilogram dry diet. Almquist-type plots were used to identify minimum protein requirements and maximum rates of growth. Minimum protein requirements of age 0 and 1 smallmouth bass were 45.3 and 45.2% of the dry diet and maximum rates of growth were 2.85 and 0.99% per day. In age 0 and 1 largemouth bass minimum protein requirements were not greater than 39.9 and 40.8% of the dry diet and maximum rates of growth were 2.36 and 0.76% per day. Protein utilization was measured in age 0 smallmouth and largemouth bass and dietary efficiency was measured in each group of bass. These statistics corroborate the estimated minimum protein requirements.

Amino Acids, Essential↗
PubMed1998

Acute stress causes skin ulceration in striped bass and hybrid bass (Morone).

Exposure of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and hybrid bass (M. saxatilis female x Morone chrysops male) to an acute (2-hour) confinement stress caused skin ulceration on the fins but not on the body of all confined fish. Striped bass displayed more severe lesions than did hybrid bass. Histologically, lesions had varying degrees of epithelial erosion and ulceration, which was most severe at the distal portion of the fins. Ulceration was associated with dermal and hypodermal edema and necrosis of the remaining stromal tissue and tips of bone in the fin rays. No hemorrhage or thrombosis was present to suggest any obvious vascular derangement. No evidence was found for either trauma or an infectious agent initiating the lesions. Injecting fish with epinephrine caused a similar response, although the degree of ulceration was less severe. These findings may explain why many opportunistic skin pathogens can rapidly develop into serious infections in fish.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax nervous necrosis virus isolates with distinct pathogenicity to sea bass larvae.

Reproduction of nodavirus disease was performed by experimental infection of sea bass eggs during fertilization or at larval stage 4 with 2 genetically distinguishable nodavirus strains (Sb1 and Sb2) isolated from sea bass collected along the Atlantic and Mediterranean French coast. The pathogenicity of the virus strains was assigned after detection of the virus by ELISA and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The Atlantic (Sb1) strain was more pathogenic than the Mediterranean (Sb2) strain during the fertilization step whilst both strains were pathogenic following experimental exposure of 4 d old larvae. Virus lesions developed in the brain 4 to 6 d following experimental exposure. Experimental ELISA proved very sensitive for detecting the nodavirus in Sb1 or Sb2 experimentally infected larvae, as well as in naturally infected sea bass larvae collected in French hatcheries or in barramundi larvae reared in the Pacific area. The development of an ELISA specific for the 2 nodavirus strains isolated from the sea bass should be useful for the detection of the virus, in addition to other techniques recommended by the Office International des Epizooties (OIE).

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Preliminary description of lesions in juvenile largemouth bass injected with largemouth bass virus.

Juvenile largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides were intraperitoneally injected with largemouth bass virus (LMBV), a member of the genus Ranavirus, family Iridoviridae. Moribund fish which had been injected with 10(6.2) tissue culture infectious doses, 50% endpoint (TCID50), were sampled 4 d after injection; other largemouth bass injected with this dose died between 3 and 5 d after injection. Fish injected with 10(2.8) TCID50 of LMBV were also examined after 4 d and had lesions similar to those of fish injected with the high dose. Clinical signs included darker pigmentation, inflammation and necrosis at the site of injection, distended abdomen, corkscrew swimming, and lateral recumbency. Internally, fish had focally pale livers, bright red spleens and reddened intestinal ceca. Histologically acute fibrinous peritonitis affected the surface of all organs in the peritoneal cavity, but deeper portions of organs appeared normal. There was also necrosis of the gastrointestinal mucosa. Except for the injection site, lesions were confined to the peritoneal cavity.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

The Bass technique: Charles Cassidy Bass' legacy.

Charles Cassidy Bass a native Mississippian introduced his method of toothbrushing and flossing to the dental community four decades ago. He chastised the academic, public health and military dentists for their lack of knowledge in area of preventive dentistry. Dr. Bass felt that his "Right Kind" method of oral hygiene was not well received by the dental profession. A questionnaire was sent to every United States dental school to determine what effects his teachings had on dental education. The study revealed that C. C. Bass' teachings were indeed accepted by the dental profession and are still in effect today.

Dental Devices, Home Care↗
PubMed2006

Differential population structuring and demographic history of two closely related fish species, Japanese sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus) and spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) in Northwestern Pacific.

The Quaternary cold periods in the Northwestern Pacific are thought to have heavily influenced the amount and distribution of intraspecific genetic variation in marine fishes. To estimate the demographic history and genetic structure of Lateolabrax maculatus and L. japonicus in the Northwestern Pacific, 256 individuals were sampled from 19 localities throughout the distribution range of the two species. Mitochondrial DNA variation was analyzed using DNA sequence data from the cytochrome b gene and control region. Nucleotide diversity was much higher in L. japonicus (0.030) than in L. maculatus (0.012). The demographic history of the two species was examined using neutrality tests and mismatch distribution analyses and results indicated Pleistocene population expansion in both species. Estimates of population expansion time suggested earlier population expansion in L. japonicus than in L. maculatus. Molecular variance analyses showed differential genetic structuring for these two closely related species. The results indicated that L. japonicus is panmictic throughout its range. In contrast, populations of L. maculatus showed statistically significant levels of genetic structuring. Pattern of isolation by distance was observed in L. maculatus, suggesting that L. maculatus is in genetic equilibrium. In contrast, L. japonicus did not exhibit isolation by distance.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Comparison of hematologic reference intervals between culture system and type of hybrid striped bass.

OBJECTIVE: To determine and compare hematologic reference intervals for hybrid striped bass from different culture systems and for 2 types of hybrid. DESIGN: Observational comparison study. ANIMALS: Clinically normal sunshine bass (reciprocal hybrid striped bass, female Morone chrysops X male M saxatilis) raised in high-density recirculating systems, sunshine bass raised in tanks with biofilters, and palmetto bass (original hybrid striped bass, female M saxatilis X male M chrysops) raised in tanks with biofilters. PROCEDURES: Hematologic reference intervals were determined for fish from the different production systems, following the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards guidelines. Reference intervals from the 3 groups were compared. RESULTS: Reference intervals were significantly different between sunshine bass in the 2 culture systems and between sunshine and palmetto bass. Many of the differences were slight, but notable differences were observed. Sunshine bass in recirculating systems had higher total leukocyte, lymphocyte, neutrophil, and monocyte counts than did either hybrid in tanks. Palmetto bass had a greater number of neutrophils than monocytes, whereas sunshine bass had more monocytes than neutrophils. Additionally, palmetto bass had a lower PCV and hemoglobin value than did either group of sunshine bass. CONCLUSIONS: Separate reference intervals should be developed for hybrid striped bass in different culture systems and for different types of hybrids. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Determining reference intervals for hybrid striped bass provides a tool to assess the health status of these fish.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Phylogenetics of freshwater black basses (Centrarchidae: Micropterus) inferred from restriction endonuclease analysis of mitochondrial DNA.

Geographic isolation and habitat specialization has aided in the evolution and genetic integrity of the micropterid bass species of North America. Members of the genus Micropterus form a close natural unit with little morphologic and meristic variation. Our goals were to measure the genetic characteristics of and distances between six black bass species by using mitochondrial DNA analysis. Mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms were examined in Guadalupe bass (M. treculi), largemouth bass (M. salmoides), shoal bass (M. cataractae), smallmouth bass (M. dolomieu), spotted bass (M. punctulatus), and Suwannee bass (M. notius), using 15 restriction endonucleases. The bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) was used as an outgroup. The phylogeny inferred from Dollo parsimony cladistic analysis concurred with published results from allozyme analyses, yet it was inconsistent with published meristic analyses. Genetic distances between species ranged from 0.0659 to 0.2145, with the largemouth and Suwannee basses showing the greatest divergence from the other black basses. The Guadalupe, smallmouth, and spotted basses were most diverged from the bluegill. The black basses diverged over a broad time frame, with estimated black bass speciation occurring during late Miocene-early Pliocene (3.30-10.73 MYA).

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Comparative severity of experimentally induced mycobacteriosis in striped bass Morone saxatilis and hybrid tilapia Oreochromis spp.

Twenty striped bass Morone saxatilis and 20 hybrid tilapia Oreochromis niloticus x O. mossambicus x O. aureus each received a single intramuscular injection of 1.6 x 10(6) colony forming units per gram body weight of Mycobacterium marinum. Striped bass manifested significantly greater clinical and microscopic disease compared to tilapia. Whereas all the striped bass had died or were clinically ill by Day 8 post-infection, there was no apparent disruption of normal behaviour, physical appearance, or growth in any of the sacrificed or surviving tilapia. Histologically, granulomas in striped bass were generally larger and less discrete, with a higher proportion of heavily vacuolated macrophages, and large cores of necrotic cells. Visceral granulomas in tilapia were smaller, with a higher proportion of epithelioid macrophages, more pigment-containing cells, more peripheral lymphocytes, and virtually no central necrosis. Visceral granulomas were 18-fold more numerous in striped bass than in tilapia. Based upon histomorphometric data, mean proportions of acid-fast bacteria within pronephros granulomas were 4-fold greater in striped bass than tilapia, and striped bass granulomas averaged more than twice as large as tilapia granulomas. In the anterior kidney of striped bass, a positive correlation existed between mean mycobacterial proportions and mean necrosis scores. In tilapia, mean mycobacterial proportions correlated negatively with mean granuloma numbers, whereas there was no correlation between these parameters in striped bass. Results suggest that intrinsic functional differences in the immunologic systems of striped bass and hybrid tilapia may contribute to inter-species variation in mycobacteriosis susceptibility.

Animals↗