PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Beds”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Optimized protocols in terms of equalizing the true and accidental coincidences of each bed position in static multiple bed position carbon-11 PET studies and a target single bed position study.

Quantitative carbon-11 (11C) positron emission tomography (PET) is gaining more attention in oncological applications. In addition, it was discovered that accidental coincidences (randoms) can play an important role in studies such as partial volume effects correction without needing to use anatomical information. However, because of the short half-life of 11C, a homogeneous multiple bed position 11C image is hard to obtain. This study aimed to determine whether innovative pseudogating, optimized pseudogating and optimized double-up methods could match the true counts and randoms to each bed position and to a target single bed position study. A long cylindrical phantom filled with [11C]acetate was scanned by a dedicated PET scanner using six protocols: whole body, frame-duration-compensated whole body, double-up, optimized double-up, pseudogating, and optimized pseudogating. The differences between the protocols are in the initial activity, frame duration and frame number for each bed position. The parameters for pseudogating were determined according to the theory that true counts and randoms are proportional to the radioactivity and its square, respectively. The results show that the stated goals could only be achieved by pseudogating and optimized pseudogating. We conclude that pseudogating or optimized pseudogating must be applied for a critical quantitative study. However, optimized double-up and double-up methods are good alternatives for semi-quantitative and qualitative studies, respectively.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2000

Hospitalisation and bed rest for multiple pregnancy.

BACKGROUND: Bed rest used to be widely advised for women with a multiple pregnancy. OBJECTIVES: The objective was to assess the effect of bed rest in hospital for women with a multiple pregnancy for prevention of preterm birth and other fetal, neonatal and maternal outcomes. SEARCH STRATEGY: The Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group trials register, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register and reference lists of relevant articles were searched. Date of last search: January 1999. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised trials which compare outcomes in women with a multiple pregnancy and their babies who were offered bed rest in hospital with women only admitted to hospital if complications occurred. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Assessment for inclusion and methodological quality of the trials was done by the reviewer. Data were extracted by the reviewer and double entered. All eligible trials were included in the initial analysis. Prespecified sensitivity analyses have been carried out to evaluate the effect of trial quality, the effects of hospitalisation for bed rest in women with an uncomplicated twin pregnancy, in women with a triplet pregnancy and in women with a twin pregnancy complicated by cervical effacement and dilatation prior to labour. MAIN RESULTS: Six trials were included which involved over 600 women and 1400 babies. (1) Analyses of all trials. Routine bed rest in hospital for multiple pregnancy did not reduce the risk of preterm birth, or perinatal mortality. There was a trend to a decreased number of low birth weight infants born to women in the routinely hospitalised group, which became significant when the trial using alternate allocation was excluded (odds ratio (OR) 0.79; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.63-0.99). No differences were seen in the number of very low birth weight infants. No support for the policy was found in other neonatal outcomes. No information is available on developmental outcomes for infants in any of the trials. Women's views about the care they received were reported rarely. (2) Analyses of hospitalisation for bed rest in women with an uncomplicated twin pregnancy. The risk of preterm birth was not reduced. Indeed significantly more women delivered very preterm (<34 weeks gestation) (OR 1.84; 95% CI 1.01-3.34). No differences were seen in perinatal mortality, or in other neonatal outcomes. Women receiving hospitalisation for bed rest had a decreased risk of developing hypertension (OR 0.55; 95% CI 0.32-0.97), although this effect was no longer apparent when the trial using alternate allocation was excluded. (3) Analyses of hospitalisation for bed rest in women with a triplet pregnancy. Most of the comparisons made between the hospitalised and control groups suggest beneficial treatment effects from routine hospitalisation for bed rest. However all the differences observed between the experimental and control groups were compatible with chance variation. (4) Analyses of hospitalisation for bed rest in women with a twin pregnancy complicated by cervical effacement and dilatation prior to labour. No differences were seen in the risk of preterm birth, perinatal mortality, fetal growth or in other neonatal outcomes. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: There is currently not enough evidence to support a policy of routine hospitalisation for bed rest in multiple pregnancy. No reduction in the risk of preterm birth or perinatal death is evident, although there is a suggestion that fetal growth is improved. For women with an uncomplicated twin pregnancy the results of this review suggest that it may be harmful in that the risk of very preterm birth is increased. Until further evidence is available to the contrary, the policy cannot be recommended for routine clinical practice.

Bed Rest↗
PubMed2001

Sleep position and the use of soft bedding during bed sharing among African American infants at increased risk for sudden infant death syndrome.

UNLABELLED: Soft bedding increases the risk for death among prone infants. We compared the softness of beds and bedding and infant sleep position for infants sleeping alone and for those bed sharing. STUDY DESIGN: Questionnaires were used to record the bedding and sleep practices of 218 consecutive African American infants. Enrollment was prospective. Mechanical models were used in the homes of a subgroup to measure the softness of bedding and its propensity to cause rebreathing. Results were compared by using the Student t test, Mann-Whitney U test, and chi(2) analysis. RESULTS: In a cross-sectional sample of infants, at 8.2 +/- 3.3 weeks of age, 61% (133 of 218) had bed shared > or =1 of the previous 14 nights and 48.6% (106 of 218) had bed shared the night before. Breast-feeding rates were not different for bed sharers and those sleeping alone. The rates of maternal smoking for both groups were low (13.6% vs 11.8%). Comforters, pillows, and waterbeds were more commonly used beneath bed-sharing infants. Bed sharers were twice as likely to habitually be placed prone for sleep (18% vs 9%). In the subgroup studied in their homes (13 bed sharing, 19 alone), the shared beds were softer (P <.0001) and could cause more rebreathing (P =.007). CONCLUSIONS: Infants at increased risk for sudden infant death syndrome, by sociodemographic criteria, who also bed share are more likely to sleep prone and to use softer beds. These findings may explain part of the risk associated with bed sharing among US infants, a risk that appears to be independent of the effects of maternal smoking.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1999

Bed-blocking in the National Health Service in Scotland: a study of bed-blocking in Scottish National Health Service trusts; its nature and extent.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the perceptions of managers in Scottish NHS trusts concerning bed-blocking. To help determine the causes of bed-blocking and suggest possible solutions to the problem. DESIGN: The first part of the study consisted of qualitative research interviews with key figures in NHS trusts and an examination of the existing literature on bed-blocking. This informed the second stage which was based on a questionnaire survey of senior managers in 35 trusts. SETTING: Interviews were carried out in three trusts in Forth Valley Health Board and Grampian Health Board areas. Questionnaires were sent out to 44 trusts throughout Scotland. The three trusts that were excluded from this study did not contain bed-blocking patients. SUBJECTS: Questionnaires were sent to chief executives of 44 NHS trusts in Scotland. Respondents were nominated by chief executives on the basis of their experience and understanding of bed-blocking problems within their own trust. RESULTS: Of the 44 questionnaires sent to trusts in Scotland, there were 35 responses (80%) which identified a total of 1845 beds as being blocked. The NHS secondary care-based respondents indicated that social services were responsible for 1406 bed-blocking patients in 35 trusts, an average of 40 patients per trust between August and September 1997. Some 600 of these "social services responsible" bed-blocking patients, an average of 21 patients per trust, were reported as awaiting comprehensive assessment by a social worker. In addition, 710 of these "social services responsible" bed-blocking patients, an average of 24 patients per trust, were awaiting funding authorization for a nursing home or residential home placement. NHS trusts were responsible for 237 bed-blocking patients, an average of seven patients per trust. In a further 202 cases bed-blocking was deemed to be neither the responsibility of the trust nor of social services as patients were awaiting vacancies in the patient's or carer's specific choice of residential or nursing home. CONCLUSION: Results from this study show that there would appear to be a significant number of blocked beds in NHS trust hospitals throughout Scotland. Trust staff, whilst acknowledging the complex nature of bed-blocking, perceive social services, who are responsible for the assessment, placement and financing of patients being transferred from hospitals to residential care in the community, as being responsible for the majority of these beds being blocked. It is, however, acknowledged that social services are under-funded and under-resourced. If the situation is to be improved, consideration should be given to changing service delivery processes in the context of the implementation of Designed to Care.

Bed Occupancy↗
PubMed2001

Influence of different bioparticles on bed expansion characteristics of anaerobic fluidized bed reactors.

Bed expansion characteristics and predicting biofilm development and biomass hold-up in the anaerobic fluidized bed reactor were investigated. The treatability studies of brewery wastes were carried out in a pilot-scale fluidized bed reactor for a nine months period. The expansion and particle mixing characteristics of a fluidized bed containing different bioparticles is a complicated function of many variables, including hydrodynamics, support characteristics, and biofilm structures. The biological fluidized bed reactors have two types of bed expansion; the first is due to an increase of the superficial velocity and the second is due to the microbial growth in the bed. A new relationship for the porosity of the biological fluidized beds, was developed. Biofilm thickness and bed porosity increased rapidly in the upper part of the bed and the bioparticles become lighter than the clean particles with decreasing effective density. Most bioparticles in the anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR) were ellipsoidal and the geometric mean diameters were considered as the characteristic diameter. Their surface roughness causes an increase in the drag force acting on the particle. Thus, the expansion coefficient increased from 3.44 to 3.64 as terminal settling velocity decreased from 6.99 to 4.29 cm/s. An almost linear relationship was observed between local porosity and biofilm thickness. The differences between the measured and calculated biomass concentrations varied in the range of 0.4 and 12% (average 4.6%) considering the results from the pilot-scale AFBR. The bed expansion rate of the AFBR, varied from 12.3 to 18.3% whereas, the expansion rate of the clean bed also found between 7.9 and 12.7%. Consequently, the bed expansion rate due to biofilm accumulation on the particles can be well described to vary between 4.4 and 5.6%.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗
PubMed2003

Cervical incompetence prevention randomized cerclage trial: emergency cerclage with bed rest versus bed rest alone.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare preterm delivery rates and neonatal morbidity/mortality rates for women with cervical incompetence with membranes at or beyond a dilated external cervical os that was treated with emergency cerclage, bed rest plus indomethacin, versus just bed rest. STUDY DESIGN: Women with cervical incompetence with membranes at or beyond a dilated external cervical os, before 27 weeks of gestation, were treated with antibiotics and bed rest and randomly assigned for emergency cerclage and indomethacin or bed rest only. RESULTS: Twenty-three women were included; 13 women were allocated randomly to the emergency cerclage and indomethacin group, and 10 women were allocated randomly to the bed rest-only group. Gestational age at time of randomization was 22.2 weeks in the emergency cerclage and indomethacin group and 23.0 weeks in the bed rest-only group. Mean interval from randomization until delivery was 54 days in the emergency cerclage and indomethacin group and 20 days in the bed rest-only group (P=.046). Mean gestational age at delivery was 29.9 weeks in the emergency cerclage and indomethacin group and 25.9 weeks in the bed rest-only group. Preterm delivery before 34 weeks of gestation was significantly lower in the emergency cerclage and indomethacin group, with 7 of 13 deliveries versus all 10 deliveries in the bed rest-only group (P=.02). CONCLUSIONS: Emergency cerclage, indomethacin, antibiotics, and bed rest reduce preterm delivery before 34 weeks compared with bed rest and antibiotics alone.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2002

Cervical Incompetence Prevention Randomized Cerclage Trial (CIPRACT): effect of therapeutic cerclage with bed rest vs. bed rest only on cervical length.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of therapeutic cerclage and bed rest vs. just bed rest on cervical length and to relate these effects to the risk of preterm delivery. DESIGN: Cervical length was measured in patients at high risk of cervical incompetence. When a cervical length < 25 mm was measured before 27 weeks' gestation, randomization for therapeutic cerclage and bed rest vs. just bed rest was performed. After randomization, cervical length was measured weekly. For statistical analysis, t-test and Fisher's exact tests were used and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Nineteen women were randomly allocated to receive a therapeutic cerclage and bed rest and 16 were allocated to receive bed rest only. Mean cervical lengths and mean gestational ages before randomization were comparable between both groups, overall 19.8 mm and 20.7 weeks. Cervical length was measured again at a mean gestation of 22.1 weeks. Mean cervical length (31 mm) was significantly (P < 0.0001) longer after cerclage than after bed rest only (19 mm). A cervical length > or = 25 mm was measured in 22 of the 35 included women, 16 in the cerclage group and six in the bed-rest group (P = 0.006). Of these 22 women, only one delivered before 34 weeks' gestation, which was significantly less frequent than six out of 13 women with a cervical length < 25 mm (P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: Therapeutic cerclage with bed rest increases cervical length more often than bed rest alone. A postintervention cervical length > or = 25 mm reduces the risk of preterm delivery in women at high risk of cervical incompetence and a preintervention cervical length < 25 mm.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Final results of the Cervical Incompetence Prevention Randomized Cerclage Trial (CIPRACT): therapeutic cerclage with bed rest versus bed rest alone.

OBJECTIVE: To compare preterm delivery rates (before 34 weeks of gestation) and neonatal morbidity and mortality in patients with risk factors or symptoms of cervical incompetence managed with therapeutic McDonald cerclage and bed rest versus bed rest alone. STUDY DESIGN: Cervical length was measured in patients with risk factors or symptoms of cervical incompetence. Risk factors for cervical incompetence included previous preterm delivery before 34 weeks of gestation that met clinical criteria for the diagnosis of cervical incompetence, previous preterm premature rupture of membranes before 32 weeks of gestation, history of cold knife conization, diethylstilbestrol exposure, and uterine anomaly. When a cervical length of <25 mm was measured before a gestational age of 27 weeks, a randomization for therapeutic cerclage and bed rest (cerclage group) or bed rest alone (bed rest group) was performed. The analysis is based on intention to treat. RESULTS: Of the 35 women who met the inclusion criteria, 19 were allocated randomly to the cerclage group and 16 to the bed rest group. Both groups were comparable for mean cervical length and mean gestational age at time of randomization, mean overall 20 mm and 21 weeks. Preterm delivery before 34 weeks was significantly more frequent in the bed rest group than in the cerclage group (7 of 16 vs none, respectively; P =.002). There was no statistically significant difference in neonatal survival between the groups (13 neonates survived in the bed rest group vs all in the cerclage group). The compound neonatal morbidity, defined as admission to the neonatal intensive care unit or neonatal death, was significantly higher in the bed rest group than in the cerclage group (8 of 16 vs 1 of 19, respectively; P =.005; RR = 9.5, 95% CI, 1.3-68.1). CONCLUSIONS: Therapeutic cerclage with bed rest reduces preterm delivery before 34 weeks of gestation and compound neonatal morbidity in women with risk factors and/or symptoms of cervical incompetence and a cervical length of <25 mm before 27 weeks of gestation.

Bed Rest↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Co-bedding versus single-bedding premature multiple-gestation infants in incubators.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the physiological stability and behavioral effects of co-bedding with those of single-bedding premature multiple-gestation infants in incubators as well as the psychological effects on their parents. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, repeated measure. PARTICIPANTS: Convenience sample of 16 infants and 8 parents in the co-bedded group, and 21 infants and 11 parents in the control group. INTERVENTIONS: Infants in the study group were co-bedded in incubators. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Baseline and posttesting for parental state anxiety, maternal attachment, and parental satisfaction measures; infant sleep-wake synchronicity; physiological measures; and stress cue measures during baseline and activity. MAIN RESULTS: Repeated measures 5 (time) x 2 (group) analysis of variance found significant differences in infant daily weight, feeding amount, and high-activity heart rate. There was no difference in parental state anxiety, maternal attachment, and parental satisfaction scores by group, except for higher baseline parental satisfaction scores in the co-bedded group. CONCLUSIONS: This research demonstrated the safety of co-bedding multiple-gestation infants in incubators but did not find any significant clinical improvement in infant or parental outcomes with co-bedding. Neonatal intensive-care unit providers should educate staff and parents about the potential benefits of co-bedding and consider developing policies and procedures for co-bedding in both incubators and cribs. Co-bedding of multiple-gestation infants may be provided as an adjunctive developmental care strategy if parents desire this intervention.

Female↗
PubMed1996

How beds are used at a University Hospital--a study of bed and bedside activities.

Hospital beds have to fulfil many demands, and the features of the bed will consequently affect the comfort of both patients and staff at the ward. In the present study the use of hospital beds at Sahlgrenska University Hospital in Göteborg was investigated. The study was performed in two somatic wards; one general surgery ward and one internal medicine. The exact time of the observations as well as the categories of usage and activities performed on and at the bedside by the caring staff and the patients were registered. The study shows that there is a substantial difference between the two wards. In the surgery ward, the beds to a great extent play an active part in medical therapy and treatment, whereas beds in the medicine ward are used for vegetative recovery such as sleep, rest and alimentation. The personnel spent only a few hours with the patients, while they were in their beds, most of the caring occurring away from the bed. The results of the present study concerning how beds are utilized in modern hospital care should be considered when purchasing and designing hospital beds.

Bed Occupancy↗
PubMed1999

The winter bed crisis--quantifying seasonal effects on hospital bed usage.

Winter bed crises are a common feature in NHS hospitals, and have given rise to great concern. We set out to determine the relative contribution of seasonal effects and other factors to bed occupancy in a large teaching hospital over one year. There were 190,804 occupied bed-days, which we analysed by specialty groupings. There was considerable variability in bed occupancy in each specialty. A significant winter peak occurred for general medicine and orthopaedics together with a significant increase on 'take-in' days. Virtually all specialties showed a significant variation in occupancy between weekdays. Geriatric Medicine had a high and fairly constant occupancy, with some seasonal effect. We conclude that seasonal trends in bed occupancy occur in 'front door' specialties and are predictable. In these specialties, admission policies also make a contribution to bed usage and are amenable to modification. There is no surge in occupancy in the immediate post-Christmas period, except that attributable to the seasonal trend. In the 'elective' specialties, bed occupancy fluctuates widely, with reduced occupancy at weekends and at Christmas. These differences are entirely amenable to modification. More effective bed management would make a very significant contribution to avoiding winter bed crises.

Bed Occupancy↗
PubMed1991

Hazards of mattresses, beds and bedding in deaths of infants.

Of 52 infants who had died suddenly and were referred to autopsy, nine had lain on adult water beds for the first time; five had died as a result of accidents; two had died on water beds; two were in beds with widely spaced slats; and one had died as a result of strangulation. Three deaths were due to overlying. Three other infants had been placed on sheepskin rugs for the first time and were found dead shortly thereafter. These infants ranged in age from 2 to 9 months, except for a severely mentally retarded nine-year-old with spastic paraplegia. We believe that a general warning should be issued concerning water beds and that soft bedding should not be used for infants. Infants should not be placed unattended or left to sleep on water beds; only beds recommended for infants should be used. Overlying of a young infant is most likely to occur on a water bed, or if the parent is obese or has consumed alcohol.

Accidents↗
PubMed1997

Relation between bed use, social deprivation, and overall bed availability in acute adult psychiatric units, and alternative residential options: a cross sectional survey, one day census data, and staff interviews.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the relation between bed use, social deprivation, and overall bed availability in acute adult psychiatric units and to explore the range of alternative residential options. DESIGN: Cross sectional survey, combined with one day census data; ratings by and interviews with staff; examination of routine data sources. SETTINGS: Nationally representative sample of acute psychiatric units. SUBJECTS: 2236 patients who were inpatients on census day. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Bed occupancy levels, judged need for continuing inpatient care, reasons preventing discharge, scores on the Health of the Nation outcome scales. RESULTS: Bed occupancy was related to social deprivation and total availability of acute beds (r = 0.66, 95% confidence interval 0.19 to 0.88, F = 8.72, df = 2.23; P = 0.002). However, 27% (603/2215) of current inpatients (61% (90/148) of those with stays of > 6 months) were judged not to need continuing admission. The major reasons preventing discharge were lack of suitable accommodation (37% (176/482) of patients in hospital < 6 months v 36% (31/86) of those in hospital > 6 months); inadequate domiciliary based community support (23% (113) v 9% (8)); and lack of long term rehabilitation places (21% (100) v 47% (40)). Scores on the Health of the Nation outcome scale were generally consistent with these staff judgments. CONCLUSIONS: The shortage of beds in acute psychiatric units is related to both social deprivation and the overall availability of acute beds. Patients currently inappropriately placed on acute admission wards should be relocated into more suitable accommodation, either in hospital or in the community. A range of provisions is required; simply providing more acute beds is not the answer.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2001

Profiling beds versus standard hospital beds: effects on pressure ulcer incidence outcomes.

Most standard hospital beds are flat based with a pull-out backrest, resulting in a tendency for the patient to slide down the bed. This study aimed to compare the outcome for patients at high risk of developing pressure ulcers nursed on either this type of bed or an electrically operated, multi-sectioned profiling bed. A total of 100 patients were randomly assigned either to the profiling bed with a pressure-reducing foam mattress (experimental group) or a flat-based bed with an appropriate pressure-redistributing mattress (control group) for a maximum of 10 days. Risk status and pressure damage were assessed daily. Both a patient and a nurse questionnaire were completed. Data from 70 patients who participated in the study for five days or more were included in the analysis. Pressure ulcer incidence was 0% in both groups. All patients (35) in the experimental group were able to maintain a sitting position compared with only 12/35 in the control group (p = 0.0001). While the questionnaire results suggest there were significant differences in postural control and ease of transfer between patients in the two groups, it was not possible to map this to pressure ulcer formation. Poor recruitment into the study was due to the 'blocking' of electric beds by heavily dependent patients who did not meet the inclusion criteria, precluding a significant result in terms of pressure ulcer outcomes. This nurse-led use of the profiling beds was examined alongside the main study to investigate why they were allocated in this way.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Changes in spectra of heart rate and blood pressure variabilities during bed rest and head-up tilt after bed rest.

Changes in the spectra of heart rate and systolic blood pressure variabilities (HRV and SBPV) were recorded during head-down bed rest and head-up tilt (HUT) in 15 healthy young men. After bed rest, five subjects failed to complete HUT test. During bed rest, the low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) powers of HRV and SBPV spectra were all significantly decreased, the ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency power of HRV spectrum (LF:HFHRV) increased on the 16th day. During the first 6min of HUT after bed rest, the heart rate was faster, but the LF:HFHRV and the LF power of SBPV spectrum in all subjects were similar to the data during HUT before bed rest. The diastolic and mean arterial pressure were significantly increased during HUT except in those who failed to complete the HUT test after bed rest. The results suggest that the peripheral vascular sympathetic activity and the cardiac parasympathetic activity are decreased with a relative increase in the cardiac sympathetic activity during bed rest, but the cardiovascular autonomic responsiveness during HUT after bed rest is basically preserved.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Treatment of nail bed avulsions with split-thickness nail bed grafts.

Experimental studies with squirrel monkeys indicated the feasibility of split-thickness grafting of segments of the nail bed. Thin grafts, when taken from the nail bed, achieved excellent take over of the avulsed areas. Thirty-one patients with avulsion of segments of the nail bed were treated with split-thickness nail bed grafts. The injured nail bed had sufficient residual nail bed to serve as a donor site in 24 patients. The remaining seven patients required split-thickness grafts from the lateral one third of the great toe. Of the 31 treated nail beds, there was a total of five deformities in which there was either nonadherence of the nail or irregularity of the nail surface. Twenty-six had nails with no deformity. No deformities occurred in the graft donor area. The split-thickness nail bed graft offers the advantage of frequent availability of tissue on the same injured digit and the absence of donor site deformity, whether on the same injured digit or a donor great toe.

Animals↗