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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1979

Broken paediatric appointments at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City.

Appointment system was introduced to the University of Benin Teaching Hospital at the initial stage of the Hospital development. This is a new experience to the local community which is largely illiterate. The appointment breaking was low contrary to expectation. Indifference or negligence accounted for a high percentage of defaulting. The system was deemed to be good by 66.4 per cent of the defaulters interviewed only 1.2 per cent felt that it was bad. Efforts by the health visiting Sister to visit the defaulters at home and persuade them to attend the clinic reduced the number of broken appointments. The habit of breaking appointments by parents/guardians of children who showed indifference or negligence were more difficult to remedy. For a referral system to be effective in a largely illiterate community where referral system is new, knowledge of the reasons for breaking appointments in the community should be known and remedied. Promotion of personalized attention and intensive health education are essential.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2026

Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite loads in Anopheles gambiae s.l. across agro-ecological zones of Benin: a cross-sectional field study.

BACKGROUND: Malaria transmission depends critically on the vectorial competence of Anopheles mosquitoes, which is partly reflected by the quantity of infectious Plasmodium falciparum forms harboured in the salivary glands. Whether agro-ecological heterogeneity and vector species identity modulate this parasite burden remains poorly characterized in Benin. METHODS: Anopheles gambiae s.l. were collected by Human Landing Catch across 12 localities spanning 7 agro-ecological zones in Benin during August-October 2022. Species were identified by SINE-PCR. P. falciparum infection was assessed by circumsporozoite protein (CSP) ELISA, and sporozoite load was quantified in positive head-thorax preparations by real-time PCR targeting the plasmepsin gene (NZYTech kit, ref. MD 02411). Statistical comparisons across agro-ecological zones (within each species) used the Kruskal-Wallis test, and the two-species comparison used the Mann-Whitney U test, in R v4.4.1. RESULTS: A total of 1,355 individuals were molecularly analyzed for species identification. Of 3,021 mosquitoes collected, these 1,355 yielded 858 An. coluzzii (63.32%), 489 An. gambiae (36.09%), and 8 An. arabiensis (0.59%). The overall sporozoite index was 5.98% (95% CI 4.8-7.4%), ranging from 0% in Cotonou and Parakou to 16.19% in Boukoumbé. No significant inter-zonal variation in sporozoite load was detected in either An. coluzzii (Kruskal-Wallis: H = 5.79, df = 3, p = 0.122) or An. gambiae (H = 3.25, df = 2, p = 0.197). However, An. coluzzii carried a significantly higher sporozoite burden than An. gambiae (Mann-Whitney U = 381, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Broad agro-ecological zone categories were not associated with detectable differences in individual P. falciparum sporozoite load in the principal malaria vectors of Benin. Anopheles coluzzii carried a significantly higher sporozoite burden than An. gambiae, indicating species-level differences in parasite permissiveness that merit further investigation.

Anopheles coluzzii↗

PubMed1992

Distribution and severity of onchocerciasis in southern Benin, Ghana and Togo.

The Onchocerciasis Control Programme in West Africa has recently extended its operation in southern Benin, Ghana and Togo. To estimate the number of people infected and blinded by onchocerciasis and to describe the distribution and severity of the disease in the extension area, 99 villages were selected, using a stratified random sampling procedure, and surveyed. All the ecological and entomological information available was used in the sampling procedure and in the selection of 87 non-representative villages surveyed to confirm the findings. The study estimated that 590,468 people are infected and 11,715 blind from onchocerciasis out of a rural population of 1,878,234. The Pru, Asukawkaw and Mono river basins were areas with high risk of onchocercal blindness. The Oueme and Zou river basins in Benin and the mountainous areas between Ghana and Togo were classified as areas with medium risk of onchocercal blindness. The other parts of the study area presented low or no risk of onchocercal blindness. By detecting the river basins where villagers are at risk of onchocercal disease this study permits the selection of populations for disease control based on mass distribution of ivermectin, a microfilaricide.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

The pattern of parasitic infection in human gut at the Specialist Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria.

In a survey of 6213 persons conducted between January 1973 to December 1974, at the Specialist Hospital, Benin City, the most common helminths were Necator americanus (16.8%), Ascaris lumbricoides (19l5%) and Trichuris trichiur (5-9%). Dicrocoelium hospes (0-06%) was also recorded and this may become an important liver parasite of man in Nigeria. Its snail vectors are believed to be species of Limicolaria and Achatina which are widely dispersed in Nigeria. Entamoeba coli and E. histolytica showed peaks during the "fly seasons", indicating that the housefly, as well as water, may be an important source of contamination. Trichomonas hominis showed peaks in the rainy seasons, and this suggests that in Benin City transmission is chiefly via contaminated domestic water-supply. The incidence of A. lumbricoides and N. americanus was high throughout the rainy and dry seasons, indicating poor disposal of human excreta and a continuous pattern of infection. The type of food and method of cooking prevented or reduced the incidence of Taenia solium, T. saginata, Diphyllobothrium latum and Fasciola gigantica.

Feces↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Bacteriological investigation of infected root canals in Benin City, Nigeria.

Possible viable bacteria were isolated and determined through culture based on paper point inoculation from infected root canals of 50 patients who presented for endodontic therapy at the school of Dentistry, University of Benin Teaching Hospital and Central Hospital, Benin City. Eighty-one strains of bacteria were isolated from 50 patients. The bacterial isolates were Streptococcus species, (51), Klebsiella species (17), E. coll (5), Staphylococcus aureus (3), Micrococcus species (2), Neisseria spp. (2) and Lactobacillus. The isolation of Klebsiella spp from the study is particularly interesting, constituting 21% of all the isolated bacteria. The implications of these findings in root canal infections are presented.

Bacterial Infections↗

PubMed1978

Armillifer armillatus in Bendel State (Midwest) Nigeria (a village study in Ayogwiri Village, near Auchi, 120 kilometres from Benin City) phase I.

Armillifer armillatus (Porocephalosis or tongue worm Disease) in Ayogwiri Village (near Auchi) 120 kilometres from Benin City in Bendel State (Midwest) Nigeria, first detected by us in 1975, was studied. It was first detected incidentally by X-ray which is usual. Confirmation of the diagnosis was made by the radiologist at Benin City Hospital. The focus of this infection was studied by "contact tracing" of the household of the subject. Initially the diagnosis was Miliary Tuberculosis and subsequently multiple calcified nymphs of Armillifer armillatus. Phase one of this study consisted of X-ray of the chest, abdomen and thighs, as well as a history and examination of all ten members of the household. Forty per cent had evidence of calcified nymphs, a finding hitherto regarded as incidental by radiologists. Unlike Paragonomiasis in Eastern Nigeria, the above disease is endemic, largely symptomless, and occurs in snake eating rather than in crab eating communities. There was no increase in snake consumption. Porocephalosis in this part of Nigeria is being reported for the first time. No case of Paragonomiasis has yet been found by us in this area despite a constant search for it since 1972 by sputum examination of all cases of haemoptysis as well as Radiologically in a hospital with a large Pulmonary TB Department where both diseases may occur.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Depression in Benin: an assessment using the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale and the principal component analysis.

Ninety two major depressed outpatients were rated with the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS) in Cotonou, in Benin (West-Africa). Patients satisfied modified DSM III major depression criteria and were French-speaking. Men, civil servants, and city dwellers were over-represented in the population sample. The examination of item frequency yielded rather 'western-like' clinical features of depression: with differences described previously: a lower frequency of suicidal thoughts and guilt feelings, a higher frequency of somatic complaints and ideas of persecution. Principal component analysis reinforced 'western-like' aspects. The relationship between the so-called 'western culture-bound symptoms' and the so-called 'African ones' is discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Malaria transmission in the lagoon area of Cotonou, Benin.

A study of the prevalence and intensity of malaria transmission in the lagunar area of Benin was carried out by means of repeated cross-sectional surveys of the child population. Six areas were selected: two urban areas of Cotonou, three lagunar villages and one savanna village. Slide positive rates and prevalence of antibodies to P. falciparum sporozoites were examined in June-July 1989 (long rainy season), October-November 1989 (short rainy season) and March-April 1990 (short dry season). Parasite rates in children 2 to 9 year-old showed holoendemic malaria, in the savanna village (89.4-94.2%) and hyperendemic malaria in the lagunar zone (60.7-83.5%). Levels of P. falciparum antisporozoite antibodies were higher in the sample from the periurban sector of Ladji compared with the nearby traditional lagunar villages and lowest in children living in the central urban sector. Cotonou had higher levels of malaria transmission compared with other West African cities.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

[Serological evidence of the existence of a wild reservoir of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in the Pendjari biosphere reservation in the Republic of Benin].

In the national park of Pendjari, situated in the North-West of Benin, 91 wild animals, belonging to seven species, were darted. Thick and thin blood smears were examined for trypanosomes and plasma for trypanolytic antibodies against 6 antigenic variants of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. Parasites were found in 13.92% and trypanolytic antibodies in 20.88% of the samples. A total of 28.57% of animals were positive by at least one of the two test systems used. Morphologically Trypanosoma congolense, T. vivax and T. brucei were identified. Overall prevalence was 40% in Adenota kob (n: 50), 13.63% in Alcelaphus buselaphus (n: 22), 10% in Hippotragus equinus (n: 10), 33% in Kobus defassa (n: 3), 0% in Phacochoerus aethiopicus (n: 3) and in Syncerus caffer (n: 2). The only lion (Panthera leo) examined was serologically positive. The results indicate that the wild animals are reservoirs of animal trypanosomes and suggest that among them Adenota kob and Panthera leo are carriers of T. brucei gambiense, one of the etiological aspects of human trypanosomiasis.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

[Plasmodium falciparum or P. malariae parasitemia in carriers of sickle cell trait in various Benin biotypes].

The prevalence of malaria and the frequency of gene S were surveyed in two different regions of Benin, savana and coastal lacustrine regions. In both regions, prevalence of malaria was not significantly different between Hb AA people and Hb AS people. Gene S prevalence was not modified by age, excepted for Hb SS which was not found in people upper than 25 years. In holoendemic area, i.e. lacustrine region, means of P. falciparum parasitaemia were significantly lower in Hb AS children than in Hb AA children. Sickle cell trait did not reduce the prevalence of malaria but seemed to decrease the level of parasitaemia.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Clomipramine plasma levels among depressed outpatients in Benin, west Africa: drug compliance and comparison with Caucasian patients.

A 75 mg/day clomipramine treatment was prescribed for 4 weeks to 92 outpatients with major depression at the Neuropsychiatric Clinic of the National University Hospital of Cotonou in Benin, West Africa. Among them, only 42 followed the treatment during the 4 weeks and had a clomipramine and desmethylclomipramine plasma level measure (gas chromatography technique). The rate of noncompliance appeared high: 10 patients had no trace and another 2 had only traces of antidepressant in their plasma. For the remaining 29, a comparison with 29 Caucasian patients treated by clomipramine (the two samples are matched for sex and age, and the variables of weight, dosage and drug association are controlled) shows no significantly higher plasma levels in the Beninese sample.

Ambulatory Care↗

PubMed1992

[Social and economic impact of dracunculosis: a longitudinal study carried out in 2 villages in Benin].

Dracunculiasis is a severely disabling parasitic disease. In endemic areas it is responsible for heavy economic losses and serious social repercussions. A prospective study in two villages of some 200 inhabitants in Zou Province, central Benin, was carried out over a period of 21 months, which covers two seasons of dracunculiasis transmission. This survey consisted of weekly visits by a medical team and a case study of 30 households conducted by an investigator on 20 days each month. The medical team had the task of detecting and treating all cases of dracunculiasis, and quantifying the duration of each case and the degree of disability of each patient. The investigator noted the number of working days and the distribution of tasks within each household. Days lost on account of dracunculiasis amount to 6.2% of the total number of working days at Lissa and 8.6% at Sozoumé. At certain times of the year as much as 19% of working days may be lost. The reduction in working time leads to a redistribution of tasks among the villagers and, less commonly, to the use of replacement labour. Mutual assistance, very widespread in small communities, makes it possible to maintain income levels. On the other hand, it often involves work by schoolchildren. Young people who stay away from school to replace disabled adults sometimes never return. The annual cost of dracunculiasis has been estimated at 16,000 CFA francs per patient (US$ 60), which corresponds to 15% of a worker's income.

Absenteeism↗

PubMed1977

Skin tests in Nigerian asthmatics from the equatorial forest zone in Benin, Nigeria.

Forty-two patients with bronchial asthma from the Benin area and 32 control subjects were subjected to skin prick tests for groups of allergens. There was a significant excess of reactions of 5 mm or over to Dermatophagoides farinae amongst the asthmatics. This was the most commonly detected allergen. There was an overall excess in asthmatics of positive reactions of over 5 mm in the other groups although there was no significant excess in any single group. There was no significant difference in the weaker skin reactions (less than 5 mm between) asthmatics and controls. From clinical histories most precipitating factors known to patients were probably non-allergic in origin, exercise, irritant odours, dust and climatic changes being the commonest. Sets of allergens specially prepared for West Africa would be valuable for skin testing asthmatics in this environment.

Allergens↗

PubMed1992

Indications for lumbar puncture in children presenting with convulsions and fever of acute onset: experience in the Children's Emergency Room of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.

A total of 522 children, aged 1 month to 6 years, who presented with convulsions and fever of acute onset at the Children's Emergency Room of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital over a 1-year period, were prospectively evaluated. Bacterial meningitis was diagnosed in 22 (4.2%) on bacteriological and/or biochemical evidence. The causative organisms were cultured from the CSF in 13 (Neisseria meningitidis = 7, Streptococcus pneumoniae = 5 and Haemophilus influenzae = 1) and identified by Gram stain only in three (Gram-positive diplococci = 2 and Gram-negative diplococci = 1). No organisms were identified in the CSF of six of the children with meningitis. The prevalence of meningitis declined sharply after 6 months of age. Six of the children with bacterial meningitis lacked classical meningeal signs but had other indications for lumbar puncture. The following were significantly associated with meningitis: age under 6 months; focal or multiple seizures; absence of a past or family history of seizures; unrousable coma; and an extracranial focus of infection. It is concluded that bacterial meningitis occurs in a good proportion of children, even beyond infancy, with convulsions associated with fever of acute onset, and that decision on the need for lumbar puncture should be guided by clinical features such as age and the presence of complex febrile seizures.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1992

Leprosy among university and high school students in Benin City, Nigeria. A eight years review.

36 cases of leprosy were seen among University and High School students in the Skin Clinic of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital during an 8 years period (1982-1989). The male to female ratio was 2 to 1. Borderline tuberculoid and tuberculoid leprosy were the commonest form of presentation, seen in 66.6% of all cases. Borderline lepromatous and lepromatous leprosy were seen in 22% while indeterminate in 11% of cases. There has been a gradual reduction of new cases from a peak of about 8 cases in 1983 to one in 1989. Most patients complied with treatment and were able to continue their education with little or no hinderance.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

Neonatal septicaemia in Benin City, Nigeria. A review of 74 cases.

Seventy four cases of neonatal septicaemia seen at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH) over a 3-year period were analysed. The incidence was 6.1 per 1,000 live births. Fifty five percent of the infants were low birth weight. The predisposing perinatal problems were asphyxia, prolonged rupture of membrane and peripartum maternal fever. E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus were the most important aetiologic pathogens; both of which were associated with a high mortality rate. The overall mortality rate was 41.5%. On the basis of the organisms isolated and their sensitivity patterns, it is suggested that the initial treatment for neonatal septicaemia should include cloxacillin and gentamycin.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1979

The clinical and radiological evaluation of neonatal necrotising enterocolitis in Benin City, Nigeria.

Twenty four cases of neonatal necrotising enterocolitis seen at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital over a two year period are analysed. The clinical features of this entity were characterised by abdominal distension, apnoeic attacks, refusal to feed, bloody diarrhoea and fever. Seventeen infants (71%) were preterm. The important radiologic findings on plain abdominal films were pneumatosis intestinalis, pneumoperitoneum, abdominal distension and gas in the portal venous system. Twenty two of the 24 infants were treated conservatively. There was an overall mortality of 75%. The main pathologic findings were coagulation necrosis, mucosal ulceration and pneumatosis intestinalis. The roles of asphyxia, umbilical venous catherisation and septicaemia are stressed.

Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous↗

PubMed1978

A report of juvenile delinquency over a two year period in Benin City.

From April 1969 to March 1971, 535 juvenile offenders were arraigned before a juvenile court in Benin City, Nigeria. Of these 282 (52.71%) were males while the rest 253 (47.29%) were females. Their ages ranged between 6 and 17 years. The majority of offenders in the study were in the 12--16 year age group. The most common offences for which the offenders were arraigned were hawking, stealing and assault, in order of frequency of occurrence. While male offenders were more often encountered in stealing and assault, females featured more in hawking. The juvenile delinquency rate in the population is 53:10,000.

Adolescent↗