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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Eduard Arnold Martin (1809-1875)--founder of the Berlin Gynecologic Society. A contribution to the history of the Berlin Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology. II].

In 1844 the society of obstetrics in Berlin was founded by Carl Mayer (1795-1868). In 1873 this society splits in the society of obstetrics and the society of gynaecology. The present paper demonstrate the biography of Eduard Arnold Martin (1809-1875), the founder of the gynaecological society in Berlin (1873) and also his importance in the creation of an modern gynaecology.

Berlin↗
PubMed1987

[Berolina iubilans: Berlin physicians as Halle doctoral candidates (V). Marcus Herz (1747-1803) and Berlin Jewish physicians].

A number of Jewish medical students from Berlin went in for the formalities for taking a doctor's degree at Halle university in the 18th century. Among them there were several physician-personalities whose names are held in high esteem in the history of medicine up to now. In particular Marcus Herz who graduated in Halle in 1774 came into prominence by outstanding achievements in teaching and research. Under his management at that time a whole generation of Jewish medical students in the Jewish hospital found the occasion to a practice-relevant preacademic education.

Germany↗
PubMed1989

[Ophthalmology in the 18th century: the "oculist seculum" in Berlin].

At least 15 oculists were known in Berlin in the eighteenth century, beginning with Johann Andreas Eisenbarth, who visited the Prussian royal residence five times. From 1725 on, four oculists resided in Berlin for up to 33 years. Since 1740, lectures on ophthalmology had been given here as part of the surgery curriculum at Berlin Collegium Medico-Chirurgicum by Simon Pallas and, as of 1769, by Joachim Friedrich Henckel. Both of them taught the traditional method of couching the cataracts, which they also treated themselves. Christian Ludwig Mursinna first used the cataract-extraction method by Daviel at the Collegium Medico-Chirurgicum when he was appointed Professor of Surgery in 1787. The oculists who visited Berlin had demonstrated this new surgical method at least 15 years earlier. The very first cataract extraction in Berlin seems to have been done by the French military surgeon Taverne in 1755. There were two charlatans among the oculists: John Taylor, who was expelled from Berlin and Prussia in 1750, because Frederik II had found him to be an English spy. The same king appointed the other charlatan, Joseph Hillmer from Vienna, a Professor of Ophthalmiatrics at the Collegium Medico-Chirurgicum, in 1748. Hillmer's charlatanism was proven by the Medical Chancellery at Petersburg when he visited Russia in 1751. The Director of the Russian Medical Supervising Board, Herman Kaau Boerhaave, documented this affair in a book, which is the first printed source of Russian medical language. Hillmer was expelled from Russia. He had never given lectures in ophthalmiatrics in Berlin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Berlin↗
PubMed1988

Occurrence of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus in Berlin (West).

The main vector of Central European tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), the hard tick Ixodes ricinus, is very common in forests of Berlin (West) all of which are frequently visited nearby recreation areas. While the presence of the causative agent, a flavivirus, has been demonstrated in all districts of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) there has been no corresponding investigation concerning Berlin (West). In the present study, 4593 unengorged I. ricinus nymphs and adults were collected by the flag-dragging method in forest areas of Berlin (West) in 1978, 1979, and 1986 and virologically examined in 327 pools. One TBE virus strain was isolated from a pool of 5 females in 1978. In addition, 5 out of 15 sera taken from roe deer freshly shot in Berlin (West) were positive for hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies against TBE virus in 1984 indicating a previous infection. The titres were 1:10 (2 x), 1:20 (2 x), and 1:40 (1 x), respectively. Although clinical cases of autochthonic TBE in humans have not been found in Berlin (West) so far and the risk for people becoming infected by tick-bite seems to be small, our findings strongly suggest an at least sporadical presence of TBE virus in this area.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[The history of the prosector's department of the Charité Berlin. 3. Rudolf Ludwig Carl Virchow, prosector of Charité, 1846 to 1849].

Rudolf Ludwig Carl Virchow (1821-1902) had been prosector at the Charité of Berlin, from 1846 to 1849. He had moved to Berlin in October 1839 for army surgeon training at the Pépinière, the Academy of Military Medicine. He had to choose that line of education, as it was free, for his parents were in no financial position to pay for ordinary university studies. On completion of theoretical classes, Easter 1843, he was delegated to Charité for an 18-months practical training programme. He worked in all compulsory clinical departments and, subsequently, took up service in the Prosector's Department then headed by Robert F. Froriep who guided and supported Virchow towards independent scientific activity. Virchow defended his doctoral thesis with good success in 1843. His application for the expected vacant office of Prosector was supported by Froriep before he left Berlin in 1846. The application was granted "ad interim", on May 11, 1846. His name became known very soon on account of his ambitious commitment. He also began to take a growing commitment to political change in Prussia in general, and change to the medical system in particular. He achieved discharge from military service in 1847, formally qualified for university lecturing, and was officially appointed as Prosector and lecturer. In the same year, 1847, he founded the "Archives" in cooperation with Benno H. E. Reinhardt. During an epidemic cholera outbreak in Berlin and an outbreak of petechial typhus in Upper Silesia, early 1848, he realised social root causes of disease and accused the Prussian government for negligence of its own citizens. He then joined the March struggles of 1848 out of his insight into the need for change of society. A weekly under the heading of "Die medicinische Reform" ("Reform in Medicine") was published under Virchow's editorship, from mid-1848 to mid-1849. Early 1849, his involvement on the premises of Charité in a leaflet campaign against planned mock elections in Prussia led to his suspension from office. Widespread protest by medical doctors and students, together with concessions made by Virchow and the Ministry in charge, resulted in his reinstallment. Having received offers for professoral chairs from the universities of Würzburg and Giessen, he was encouraged to bargain for acceptable conditions for continuation at the Berlin university. These were not granted, and he left for a lecturing post at the University of Würzburg.

Berlin↗
PubMed1990

[Data on the history of the Pathology Department of the Berlin Charité Hospital. 2. Robert Friedrich Froriep, prosector at Charité, 1833-1846].

An account is given in this publication of the activities of Robert Friedrich Froriep (1804-1861), Prosector at Charité Berlin. He headed the Prosector's Department from 1833 through 1846. Froriep had come to Berlin in 1831 with intentions to do research, primarily on cholera with which the city had been afflicted in those years. When the position of a "Provisional Prosector" of Charité became vacant, after withdrawal of Philipp Phoebus, autumn 1832, the officials of the Hospital Affairs Curatory decided to continue the provisional arrangement, and five candidates applied for the office. Froriep was accepted primarily for two reasons: He had just completed service as an extraordinary professor at the Berlin Faculty of Medicine, and he was capable of producing evidence to the double-track education desired for the job, anatomy and scientific drawing. The Prosector's office was a low-salary side job. Therefore, to ensure his own livelihood, he went into two additional occupations, teaching of anatomic drawing at the Academy of Fine Arts and running of a private clinic. Froriep did extremely well in firmly establishing the Prosector's Department by enhancement of its scope and enlargement of its collection of pathologic-anatomic specimens. He failed, on the other hand, in his attempts to establish pathological anatomy as a subject in its own right at the Berlin Faculty of Medicine. That failure together with insecurity regarding the Prosector's office and position in the hierarchic system of Charité, compounded by protracted disputes between him and Johannes Müller on the Prosector's collection of specimens were causes for Froriep's aggravating frustration towards the late thirties. He also failed in trying to stabilize his scientific and financial positions by accepting directorship of a surgical department. The totality of problems in Berlin and illness of his father in Weimar prompted him to move to Weimar, in spring 1846, to take over as a manager of the Frorieps' family enterprise "Landes-Industrie-Comptoir", after the King of Prussia had bestowed upon him the title of a Privy Councillor of Medicine.

Berlin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The characteristics of the chemical composition and structure of urinary stones and their prevalence in the cities of Moscow, Berlin and of the Kirghiz SSR].

The authors studied the features of urolithiasis in three different geographical regions: Moscow, the Kirghiz SSR, and Berlin from the findings of examination of the composition and structure of uroliths removed by operation or passed spontaneously, (602 concrements from Moscow, 10,000 from Berlin, and 127 from Kirghizia). X-ray diffraction measurement, infrared spectrophotometry, and polarizing microscopy were conducted to analyze the composition and structure of the stones. Complex biochemical examination was carried out in patients from Moscow and Kirghizia. According to the results of the study, the following features of urolithiasis are common in the studied regions: (1) prevalence of oxalate lithiasis on the whole, which points to the principal role of metabolic factors in lithogenesis; (2) approximately similar amounts of apatite carbonate crystals in the uroliths; (3) certain similarity in composition of concrements from Berlin and Kirghizia. The most essential differences are: (1) the frequency of renal oxalate stones is highest in Berlin and lowest in Moscow. The prevalent types of calcium oxalate stones are: whewellite of concentric structure (linked with hyperuricemia) in Kirghizia; whewellite of small randomly orientated crystals (linked with hypercalciuria) and stones with signs of transformation of weddellite to whewellite in Moscow; (2) lesser distribution of phosphate lithiasis in Berlin than in Kirghizia and particularly in Moscow. Prevalence of struvite crystals in stones from Moscow, the formation of which is linked with the vital activity of Proteus and E. coli; (3) higher distribution of urate lithiasis in Moscow and particularly in Kirghizia where significant metabolic risk factors of lithogenesis were revealed.

Berlin↗
PubMed1992

Sexuality and AIDS: attitudes and behaviors of adolescents in east and west Berlin.

The study which was conducted in 1990 in Berlin, Germany, compares two samples of 542 adolescents from West Berlin and 340 from East Berlin. The present investigation shows that the general trend toward sexual liberality among adolescents is continuing and that necessary processes of adolescent sexual development appear not to be influenced by the threat of AIDS. Though the level of knowledge about the threat of AIDS is, on the whole, satisfactory, this does not in itself guarantee determined and consistent AIDS-preventive behavior. Fewer than one-third of sexually-active adolescents, and even fewer than one-fourth of those in the most sexually-active group, can be described as consistent users of condoms. The attitudes of adolescents in regard to contraceptive characteristics only partly suggest a preference for condoms. When adolescents are asked directly about condoms, they additionally emphasize their effect of reducing feeling and pleasure. Adolescents with experience of sexual intercourse rate condoms more negatively than do those without such experience. However, AIDS-education efforts can make use of the fact that consistent condom-users expressed clearly more positive attitudes to condoms than did others. Although the comparison between East and West Berlin adolescents yielded differences in certain details, these differences are not of significance to AIDS-education programs which seek to increase AIDS-preventive behavior.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

[Some impressions of child and adolescent psychiatric management in Berlin after the fall of the wall].

The fall of the Berlin wall caused a sudden increase in migration from East-Germany to West-Berlin. In our sample we compared 155 Berlin elementary school children to 17 children from East-Germany now living in Berlin and 25 immigrant children most oft them coming from Turkey and Poland. Although many authors expected short-term disorders of adaptation, we found a constancy of psychiatric diagnosis in the migration group. We noticed important differences particularly in the new psychosocial situation of the former East German mothers, with many single-mother-families, where the mothers now were often unemployed.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1990

[The history of the Autopsy Department of the Berlin Charité hospital. 1. Founding of the Autopsy Department and Philipp Phoebus as the first prosector].

The opening of the Prosector's Department at the Charité of Berlin and appointment of its first Prosector are reported in this paper. The scientific need for getting clinical postmortem investigations performed by full-fledged anatomists or for having them at least anatomically supervised and pressures resulting from Europe's first cholera outbreak, approaching Berlin about 1830, had been the principal motivations behind the initiative. On May 8, 1831, Dr. Philipp Phoebus was appointed the first Prosector of the Charité of Berlin. The position had been offered as a part-time job. Most aspects relating to the post had not been clearly defined by that date, for example, the rights and duties of a Prosector, his integration with the general pattern of Charité services, and his subordination to the local hospital committee. Phoebus made an unsuccessful attempt to define and thus secure the Prosector's position by means of a self-drafted policy paper. Misunderstandings on end and strained relations with the clinicians on the spot prompted him to quit service after 16 months. An account is given of his short but successful time at Charité, with reference being also made of the specific reason for his resignation. An outline is subsequently presented of Phoebus' further life and work, including scientific careers in Berlin, Stolberg/Harz, and at Giessen University where he held a professorship in pharmacology.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1986

[Ernst Fürstenheim (1836-1904). On the 150th birthday of the pioneer of Berlin urology].

On the occasion of his 150th birthday we make mention of the Berlin urologist Ernst Fürstenheim born in Köthen in 1836 who in 1863 set up his practice as first "physician for diseases of the urinary tract" in Berlin and thus indicates the beginning of urology in Berlin. Emphasized are Fürstenheim's efforts for the introduction and popularization of the urological endoscopy in Germany, the practical usability of which he detects as first physician. By his engaged advocacy of the performance of lithotripsy this versatile urological practitioner became a true pioneer of urology in Berlin.

Berlin↗
PubMed1991

[Estrus and ovulation synchronization in Merino meat sheep. 1. Effect of Gonavet "Berlin Chemie" after estrus synchronization with prostaglandin F2 alpha in Merino meat sheep].

Oestrus synchronisation by means of PGF2 alpha analogues was followed by injection of Gonavet "Berlin-Chemie" which triggered off an LH peak, 2 to 3 hours from injection. Injection of Gonavet "Berlin-Chemie", 44 hours after PGF2 alpha application, caused synchronisation of all LH peaks. The interval between injection of Gonavet "Berlin-Chemie" and onset of ovulation amounted to 22 hours. The length of ovulation was not accurately determinable. Ovulation was successfully induced to all sheep by application of Gonavet "Berlin-Chemie", 44 or 48 hours after PGF2 alpha injection. Ovulation rates were 1.75 or 1.54. Luteolytic action on sheep of Cloprostenol "Jenapharm", a PGF2 alpha analogue, proved to be just as good as that of Oestrophan (SPOFA).

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Pharmacogenomic diversity in Amazonian Indigenous populations: implications for Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster acute lymphoblastic leukemia therapy.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to characterize pharmacogenomic variation in genes involved in the metabolism and transport of drugs used in Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster-based therapy in Amazonian Indigenous individuals and to compare allele frequencies with major continental populations. METHODS/PATIENTS: Whole-exome sequencing data previously generated from 64 healthy Indigenous individuals from 12 Amazonian ethnic groups were analyzed. A total of 120 genes associated with drugs used in Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster protocols were selected. Variants were annotated and filtered using bioinformatic quality-control criteria, and allele frequencies were compared with African, Admixed American, East Asian, European, and South Asian populations from the 1000 Genomes Project. Multidimensional scaling was used to assess population-level genetic similarity. RESULTS: After quality control, 648 variants were identified. Twenty-eight variants were observed exclusively in the Indigenous study population, including four nonsynonymous coding variants with moderate predicted impact. Significant allele-frequency differences were observed for ADA rs11555566, CBR3 rs881711, and CYP2B6 rs3745274; rs881711 and rs3745274 differed from all five reference populations. Multidimensional scaling showed a distinct Indigenous pharmacogenomic profile, with greater similarity to the Admixed American population. CONCLUSIONS: Amazonian Indigenous populations exhibit substantial pharmacogenomic diversity in genes relevant to Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster-based therapy. These findings identify candidate variants for functional and clinical validation and reinforce the importance of including underrepresented populations in pharmacogenomic research.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia↗
PubMed1988

First isolation of Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme borreliosis, from Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) in Berlin (West).

In 1984, two human cases of tick-borne Lyme borreliosis with considerable neurologic involvement were reported in Berlin (West). The diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis was serologically confirmed. The ticks which had transmitted the Borrelia were from Berlin (West). In the autumn of 1985, 156 ticks were collected in forests of Berlin (West) for the cultural detection of spirochetes by using BSK II medium. Three strains of spirochetes were isolated (from a pooled sample of two nymphs, and samples of one nymph and one female tick, respectively). These isolates were identified as Borrelia burgdorferi by means of SDS-PAGE, Western blot (using monoclonal antibody H 5332), microscopic agglutination test and electron microscopy. Investigations with the electron microscope showed that cells of two isolates (strains 2/B45 and 3/B56) had 8 flagella inserted at each end. The cells of the third isolate (strain 1/B29) had 9 flagella inserted at each end. This type had not been observed before.

Animals↗