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Results for “Binge-Eating Disorder”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

Food selection and intake of obese women with binge-eating disorder.

We studied food selection and intake of 19 women [body mass index (in kg/m2) > 30] [corrected], 10 of whom met proposed DSM-IV criteria for binge-eating disorder (BED). All subjects ate two multicourse meals in the laboratory, and were given tape-recorded instructions at each meal either to binge or eat in a normal fashion. Subjects with BED consumed significantly more energy than did subjects without BED at both the binge [12,400 vs 8440 kJ (2963 vs 2017 kcal), P < 0.005] and normal [9810 vs 6870 kJ (2343 vs 1640 kcal), P < 0.02] meals. During the binge meal subjects with BED consumed a greater percentage of energy as fat (38.9% vs 33.5%, P < 0.002) and a lesser percentage as protein (11.4% vs 15.4%, P < 0.01) than did subjects without BED. There were no differences in macronutrient composition of food choices between groups in the normal meal. Obese women who meet criteria for BED show differences in both intake and macronutrient composition of food choices from obese women who do not meet these criteria when asked to eat in a laboratory setting, supporting the validity of this new diagnosis.

Adult↗

PubMed2026

Genomic meta-analyses of binge-eating behavior and anorexia nervosa yield insights into the unique and shared biology of eating disorder phenotypes.

Eating disorders-including anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder-are clinically distinct but exhibit symptom overlap and diagnostic crossover. Genomic analyses have mostly examined AN. Here we conducted a genomic meta-analysis of case-control studies of binge-eating behavior (BE; 39,279 cases, 1,227,436 controls), alongside analyses of AN (24,223 cases, 1,243,971 controls) and its subtypes (all European ancestries). We identified six BE-associated loci, including loci associated with a higher body mass index and impulse-control behaviors. AN genome-wide association studies yielded eight loci, validating six loci. Subsequent polygenic risk score analysis demonstrated an association with AN in two East Asian ancestry studies. BE and AN exhibited similar positive genetic correlations with psychiatric disorders but opposing genetic correlations with anthropometric traits. Most of the genetic signal in BE and AN was not shared with body mass index. We have extended eating disorder genomics beyond AN; future work will incorporate multiple diagnoses and global ancestries.

Behavioural genetics↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Parotidectomy for bulimia: a dissenting view.

Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder syndrome characterized by frequent binge-eating episodes followed by self-induced vomiting, fasting, excessive exercise, or the use of laxatives or diuretics. In addition to the psychological manifestations of this disorder, the patient may exhibit an array of physical symptoms. The major otolaryngologic finding is the presence of benign, persistent enlargement of the parotid and/or submandibular salivary glands in some patients with more severe bingeing and purging behavior. Recent reports in the otolaryngology literature have advocated superficial parotidectomy for correction of the cosmetic deformity of this sialadenomegaly. A detailed description of the psychological and behavioral manifestations and natural history of this illness is presented. The authors believe that surgical management of parotid enlargement in patients with bulimia nervosa is contraindicated by the surgical risks, the natural history of the disorder, and the patient's psychological state.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

Bulimia with and without a family history of drug abuse.

Patients evaluated in an eating disorders clinic and found to meet DSM-III criteria for bulimia were classified as to the presence or absence of a family history of drug abuse in at least one first-degree relative. Patients with a positive family history of drug abuse (N = 102, 37.1%) did not differ significantly from patients without this history (N = 173, 62.9%) on the variables of age at evaluation and age of onset of eating disorder, or as to their pattern or severity of bulimic behaviors, including binge-eating, self-induced vomiting, and laxative abuse. However, the patients with a family history of drug abuse were more likely to have experienced drug abuse problems themselves, to have been treated for chemical dependency prior to being evaluated for their eating disorder and to have a history of having been overweight. Those in the positive family history group also reported more family disruption.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Eating disorders in women who abuse alcohol.

It has been suggested that various forms of addictive behaviour and substance abuse co-exist more frequently than would be expected by chance. Such co-morbidity may lessen the effectiveness of treatment, and may not be recognized by clinicians who specialize in one particular form of addiction. This study addresses one aspect of this issue: the co-existence of eating disorders and alcohol abuse. Women attending an alcohol treatment unit completed a self-report measure of the clinical features of eating disorders. Thirty-six per cent of the sample reported the symptom of binge-eating, 26% fulfilled diagnostic criteria for a probable current clinical eating disorder, and 19% had a history of probable anorexia nervosa. The findings suggest that the behaviour and attitudes characteristic of clinical eating disorders are over-represented in women receiving treatment for an alcohol problem, and further study of such co-morbidity is merited.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

Bulimia: an entity in search of definition.

A review of research literature that addresses personality correlates of bulimia revealed a major problem which affects that research and its interpretation: Criteria used to define this disorder have not been consistent across investigators. A related issue is that this disorder has been described by a variety of names, such as dietary chaos syndrome, binge-eating syndrome, bulimia nervosa, etc. The second major problem that contributes to the uncertainty about the personality of bulimics is methodology. Among these have been the inclusion of individuals with a history of anorexia nervosa, the use of researcher-specific self-reports and questionnaires (primarily within a narrow population), and a lack of consistency in the testing measures used to assess personality. This very basic issue needs to be resolved if the findings in bulimia research are to be cumulative and generalizable across studies. Suggestions are offered as to how this resolution should occur.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Psychiatric phenomena in Alzheimer's disease. IV: Disorders of behaviour.

Out of a sample of 178 patients with AD, aggression was present in 20%, wandering in 19%, binge-eating in 10%, hyperorality in 6%, urinary incontinence in 48%, and sexual disinhibition in 7%. Behavioural abnormalities were greater in those with more severe dementia. Temporallobe atrophy correlated with aggression, and widening of the third ventricle with hyperorality. Features of the Kluver-Bucy syndrome were commonly seen, but the full syndrome occurred in only one subject. Patients with at least one feature of the Kluver-Bucy syndrome had greater temporal-lobe atropy than those without any of the features.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

Behaviors and attitudes related to eating disorders in homosexual male college students.

To investigate whether homosexuality predisposes males to eating disorders, the authors studied 48 nonpatient homosexual male students at UCLA. The homosexual men had higher prevalences of binge-eating problems, of feeling fat in spite of others' perceptions, of feeling terrified of being fat, and of having used diuretics than other male students. They also scored higher on the Eating Disorders Inventory scales for drive for thinness, interoceptive awareness, bulimia, body dissatisfaction, maturity fears, and ineffectiveness. One of the 48 homosexual men and one of the 300 comparison group men met criteria for probable past histories of eating disorders.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

CSF monoamine levels in normal-weight bulimia: evidence for abnormal noradrenergic activity.

Normal-weight bulimic patients have disturbed appetite, mood, and neuroendocrine function and often respond to antidepressants. Since these findings suggest abnormalities in brain monoaminergic pathways, the authors measured CSF monoamine concentrations in 27 normal-weight bulimic patients and 14 volunteers. Bulimic patients had a significantly lower mean CSF norepinephrine concentration. Levels of CSF 5-HIAA, the major serotonin metabolite, and CSF HVA, the major dopamine metabolite, were normal, although more frequent binge-eating in bulimic subjects was associated with a significantly lower CSF HVA level. Whether trait- or state-related, monoaminergic disturbances are part of this disorder's neurobiological syndrome. The lower CSF norepinephrine concentration suggests bulimia is not simply a variant of affective disorders.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

[Stealing in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa].

Only recently stealing behaviour has been noticed as a symptom of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Reviewing our sample of 63 patients we discuss the incidence and motivation of kleptomania. In 24% of our patients stealing behaviour was reported which is a definitely high rate compared to literature. Among the intentions for stealing behaviour we found: Stealing as conversion of revenge, self-assertiveness compensation of binge-eating or stealing as achievement. The differential motivation of stealing should be considered in legal consequences.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Bulimia nervosa in Hong Kong Chinese patients.

In contrast to the West, bulimic disorders are rarer than anorexia nervosa in Hong Kong. Four female normal-weight bulimic patients with mostly typical clinical features and conspicuous morbidity are reported. The case histories support the hypothesis that binge-eating is used to regulate unpleasant effect.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Somatic and biochemical complications in bulimia].

Bulimia is an eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging, i.e. self-induced vomiting, abuse of cathartic or diuretic drugs, increased activity or periods of restrictive dieting. Studies show that persons with bulimia are prone to a number of medical complications as a result of binge-eating, vomiting and drug abuse. Vomiting is the most harmful in terms of medical risk, and also the most common source of complications. Both vomiting and purging lead to loss of body fluids and electrolytes, often resulting in hypokalemia. Vomiting also leads to sore throats and dental problems such as destruction of enamel. Gastric dilatation is the only complication directly associated with binge-eating. Harmless symptoms, such as abdominal pain, diarrhoea, constipation and neuromuscular symptoms are common. This article discusses the pathophysiology behind the complications and their treatment.

Bulimia↗

PubMed1988

Imaginal desensitization: a cost-effective treatment in two shop-lifters and a binge-eater resistant to previous therapy.

Case reports are given of three patients, two suffering from compulsive shop-lifting and one from binge-eating, who responded to a week's treatment with imaginal desensitization after having failed to respond to prolonged interpretative psychotherapy. Expectancy of improvement did not appear to play a major role in their response, but it appears impossible to disprove that expectancy determines the response to this or any form of psychotherapy. Whether or not imaginal desensitization acted specifically in the present study, in view of its cost-efficacy it is suggested it is worthy of trial in impulse disorders which have persisted despite treatment.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Cognitive-behavioral treatment with and without response prevention for bulimia.

We compared cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) with and without exposure and response prevention (ERP) in the treatment of eating disorder patients who both binged and purged, and reported abnormal attitudes concerning body weight and shape. Both treatments produced significant and comparable reductions in binge-eating and purging, eating patterns, and attitudes about weight and shape at posttreatment. Treatment effects were generalized to improvements in different measures of general psychopathology, and were maintained over follow-ups of 3 and 12 months. The findings are consistent with prior research showing that CBT is an effective treatment for patients with the core features of bulimia nervosa. Furthermore, the data suggest that the addition of in-session exposure and response prevention does not enhance the effectiveness of the basic CBT program.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

The prevalence of binge-eating and bulimia in 1063 college students.

We used a purpose-designed questionnaire to survey the prevalence of binge-eating and bulimia in a sample of 1063 Dublin third-level students aged 17-25 yr. There were 361 males and 701 females. The questionnaire was based on DSM-III, and included a written definition of a binge and cross-check questions. Although 17.7% of males and 37% of females claimed to have had an eating binge, cross-check items reduced this to 1.1% of males and 10.8% of females who met the DSM-III definition. No male and only 7.7% of females also met the behavioural criteria under item B of DSM-III, and only 5% of females reported dysphoric mood. Excluding those experiencing fewer than one episode per week gave a prevalence of 2.8% in females and 0% on males. Previously-reported prevalences using questionnaire may be inflated due to poor respondent understanding of the psychiatric terms being used.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Taste and bulimia.

Binge-eating episodes in bulimia often involve sweet or fat-containing foods. Sensory perceptions and preferences for sweetness and fat content were examined in 16 normal-weight women with a diagnosis of DSM IIIR bulimia and in 16 normal-weight volunteer controls. Taste stimuli were 15 semi-liquid mixtures of dessert-type soft white cheese ("fromage blanc") containing 0, 3 or 7 grams of fat per 100 g, and sweetened with 1, 5, 10, 20, or 40% sucrose (wt./wt.). The subjects used 9-point category scales to rate the perceived sweetness and fat content of the stimuli, and assigned a pleasantness (hedonic) rating to each sample. Taste preferences were modelled using the Response Surface Method (RSM). Mean estimates of sweetness intensity and fat content were generally similar for bulimic patients and controls. In contrast, profiles of taste preference differed significantly between groups. Optimal stimulus sweetness was 15% sucrose wt./wt. for bulimic patients and only 9% for controls, while optimal fat levels were lower for bulimic patients relative to controls. The present data are consistent with previous reports that patients with eating disorders crave sweetness but show reduced sensory preferences for fat-containing foods.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Bulimia nervosa in overweight individuals.

Patients who have bulimia nervosa and are overweight have received little attention in the medical literature. The authors identified 25 patients who weighed greater than or equal to 130% of their ideal body weight out of a series of 591 patients with bulimia nervosa. This subgroup was contrasted with a sample of 25 patients with bulimia nervosa who were 90% to 110% of their ideal body weight. Members of the overweight bulimia nervosa group were binge-eating and vomiting less frequently than the comparison group but were more likely to be abusing laxatives, and to report a history of self-injurious behavior and suicide attempt(s). Both groups reported frequent binge-eating.

Body Weight↗

PubMed1988

High-risk situations for engaging in substance abuse and binge-eating behaviors.

Self-reports of high-risk events, situations and experiences associated with substance abuse and binge-eating behaviors were examined in a sample of hospitalized patients being treated for both problems. The question being posed in the present study is: Are the high-risk situations for heavy drinking and binge eating similar or different? Results suggest some similarities in the intensity of specific high-risk situations as represented by questionnaire subscale scores, for both of the problem behaviors, but they point to interesting differences as well. The hierarchical importance of the high-risk situations for the two behaviors were markedly different.

Adult↗