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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Clinical measurement in Quebec chrysotile miners: use for future protection of workers.

There is a relationship between dust exposure, on the one hand, and serious disease and death, on the other, in chrysotile asbestos mine and mill workers of Quebec. Studies in current working populations indicate that prevalence of abnormality increases with increasing exposure. However, the relationship is weak and offers only a partial explanation of between-subject variability. In addition, there is no certain way to detect or predict change. Because of the relative nonspecificity of the health measurements examined and their poor relationship to exposure, control should be based on environmental monitoring, with biologic monitoring considered in a complementary role. This leaves the clinician with the dilemma of how best to advise the worker in whom questionable changes have been detected. At present, there appears little doubt that the decision must remain essentially clinical, based, on one hand, on all available information about the man, his job, and the plant or mine in which he works, from which an estimate of likely outcome must be made, and, on the other hand, on the social and human factors concerned, including the fact that removal from exposure does not necessarily prevent the appearance of abnormality.

Asbestos↗
PubMed1979

The monitoring of biological effects: the separation of natural changes from those induced by pollution.

An added mortality rate of eggs, larvae and juveniles of fish populations, or impact, is assumed to be density independent. The total mortality from hatching to recruitment is represented by the fecundity, and any increment in density independent mortality implies a decrement in density dependent mortality. At high stock the condequence is an increase in stock towards a position of less resilience: at low stock less resilience is found with a decrease in stock. In general impact generates a shift of K-strategy, the self-stabilizing strategy, to r-strategy, and opportunistic one. In a fish population very little impact should be tolerated at low stock because it would prevent recovery to a management objective such as maximum sustainable yield. At high stock, impact may generate more stock at an unknown risk.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Use of sodium nitroprusside in cardiology].

Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) is rarely used in cardiology. It is reserved traditionally for severe episodes of arterial hypertension. Certain states of refractory heart failure represent new indications for use, which implies a double haemodynamic monitoring system: continuous control of systemic blood pressure by intra-arterial catheterization; control of pulmonary pressure and repeated measurements of cardiac output. Prolonged treatment requires continuous biological monitoring of toxicity and careful control of kidney function. As a moderator of blood pressure, SNP is remarkably effective. The hypotensive effect is immediate, readily reversible and generally tachyphylaxis is not observed. The effect of SNP on cardiac work is one of double load reduction: mainly a reduction in afterload or pressure and systemic resistance and a reduction in preload or pressure of ventricular filling. In this respect, SNP can be used effectively for severe cases of heart failure intractable to traditional cardio-stimulatory and diuretic treatments and stemming from diverse causes: acute stage of myocardial infarction, ventricular dilatation, mitral papillary syndrome, heart failure, either subacute or chronic, of various causes. As a rule, the immediate results are positive. Taking the patient off the drug can be difficult and may cause a return to the previous haemodynamic situation.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Health effects of exposure to automobile exhaust--V. exposure of toll booth operators to automobile exhaust.

The exposures of automobile toll booth collectors in the Boston area to selected air contaminants were monitored during the four seasons from 1972 to 1974. The highest carbon monoxide concentrations were found at the in-city toll booths and the highest lead levels at the surburban booths. Biological monitoring for carbon monoxide and lead exposure were closely related to airborne contaminant levels. The study supports the need for environmental control for toll booths located at busy highway and tunnels.

Air↗
PubMed2026

Association between prenatal exposure to tetrachloroethylene and adverse birth outcomes: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) is a ubiquitous chlorinated solvent with documented placental transfer. Despite widespread environmental and occupational exposure, no prior systematic review has synthesized evidence on prenatal PCE exposure and adverse birth outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and CINAHL were searched from inception to July 13, 2026. Eligible studies reported associations between prenatal PCE exposure (drinking water or inhalation) and adverse birth outcomes. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) criteria. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed using risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with Knapp-Hartung adjustments and Paule-Mandel τ2 estimation. RESULTS: Twenty one studies (1987-2023) met inclusion criteria. Prenatal PCE exposure was associated with spontaneous abortion (8 studies; RR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.00-1.63; I2 = 64.2%). Analyses of stillbirth, central nervous system defects, oral clefts, neural tube defects, preterm birth, low birthweight, and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) yielded positive but statistically non-significant pooled estimates. The certainty of evidence ranged from very low to low across outcomes (GRADE). CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal PCE exposure may be associated with spontaneous abortion, particularly at higher exposure levels, and with SGA. Findings support ongoing regulatory efforts to limit PCE in occupational and environmental settings, particularly for pregnant individuals. Future prospective studies with biological monitoring and confounder-adjusted designs are needed.

Tetrachloroethylene↗
PubMed1979

French mesothelioma register.

A total of 197 definite cases of mesothelioma (mainly of the pleura) have been reported by pathologists to the French Mesothelioma Register for the period 1965--78. A moderate linear increase in the annual incidence of mesothelioma cases since 1965 was noted. In men and women over the ages of 47 and 41 years, respectively, the annual death rate was higher in those with mesothelioma than in those of the general population. The proportions of mesothelioma patients who had experienced occupational, para-occupational, and unknown asbestos exposures were 77%, 3%, and 20% respectively. The number of cases reported to the register is obviously an underestimate of the true number of mesothelima cases in France, because such cases are not reported to the register systematically. Mesothelioma registers cannot provide information about dose-response relationships; however, with good management of the register, such relationships could be obtained, since a good assessment of dose can be accomplished by biologic monitoring.

Adult↗
PubMed2025

The Role of Community Science in DNA-Based Biodiversity Monitoring.

The mutual interest in nature by the general public and scientists has led to many collaborations, past and present. Community science shows great potential for monitoring species occurrences and distributions, especially in combination with scalable and (semi)-automated methods such as DNA-based monitoring, helping to obtain data from a broader geographic and temporal range than would be possible by the scientific community alone. Here, we present an overview of the complementarity between community science and DNA-based biomonitoring through examples from ongoing projects. The involvement of hobby experts is particularly crucial for building up the necessary species reference databases that enable DNA-based monitoring. Based on this overview, we identify some key points related to learning opportunities and participant recognition to maximise the success, impact and benefit of community participants in DNA-based monitoring.

Biodiversity↗
PubMed1975

Respiratory effects in toluene diisocyanate manufacture: a multidisciplinary approach.

A new plant manufacturing toluene diisocyanate (TDI) has provided a unique opportunity to investigate the effects of TDI vapor inhalation on respiratory health in a group of exposed workers who have been studied prior to the start of plant operation. In order to establish dose-response relationships and determine host factors, complete biologic monitoring, including pulmonary function and immunologic studies, has been performed concurrently with a comprehensive environmental monitoring program including continuous sampling for atmospheric concentrations of TDI. Study groups include workers with regular exposure to TDI in production jobs (83), workers with intermittent contact with this vapor, usually in maintenance (28), and a control group of workers employed outside the TDI area (55). This population is being followed for a period of 5 yr. The plant began operations in August 1973 with start-up procedures completed by the end of October. TDI spills occurred for numerous reasons, usually attributed to pump failure and resultant line blockage. Significant exposures also occurred in the drumming operation. The influence of these malfunctions is noted in the continuous monitoring data on atmospheric TDI concentrations which continue to reveal frequent excursions above the threshold limit value (TLV) of 0.02 ppm ceiling. These data are presented in relation to time and plant location. Although the first full year follow-up following initial exposure was not complete, certain preliminary clinical observations were made. A number of workers had episodes of acute respiratory symptoms related to single exposure to an irritant gas at work, usually either TDI or phosgene. It appears that two or three workers in the study population have become "clinically sensitized" to TDI and have been removed from regular TDI exposure. To date, the total number of workers who report the presence of recurring respiratory symptoms has not increased in comparison with the pre-exposure survey. Pulmonary function data after one full year of TDI exposure are not yet available. Pre- and post-shift ventilatory function studies do not indicate significant differences between the exposed and control groups. Selected individuals had carefully controlled inhalation challenge tests to monitored concentrations of TDI vapor under laboratory conditions. In workers suspected of having become "sensitized", immediate and/or late air flow obstruction was demonstrated and could be related to dose of inhaled TDI.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1979

Chromosome changes and benzene exposure. A review.

Benzene exposure can induce chromosome aberrations in somatic cells (lymphocytes and bone marrow cells) of man and of experimental animals in vivo, as well as in some in vitro systems. Numerical and structural chromosome changes in bone marrow cells have been described in subjects with benzene haemopathy. Increased rates of structural chromosomal aberrations both of the "unstable" and of the "stable" type in cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes have been observed not only in subjects with chronic benzene poisoning, but also in individuals with past benzene haemopathy and in subjects with past benzene exposure without signs of poisoning; these findings persisted for years or decades after cessation of exposure. In some cases of benzene-induced leukaemias the cytogenetic pattern was variable, as it is true also for the "spontaneous" acute leukaemias. The possible implications of the finding of chromosome damage from benzene to bone marrow cells for the occurence of leukaemias are discussed. The possibilities and limitations of cytogenetic studies in the biological monitoring of subjects exposed to benzene are commented on.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

New fluorometric analysis for mandelic and phenylglyoxylic acids in urine as an index to styrene exposure.

I describe a new fluorometric method for determination of mandelic and phenylglyoxylic acids in urine, the fluorometry being preceded by extraction into ether and thin-layer chromatography. The chromatographically separated acids were quantitated after conversion to stable highly fluorescent derivatives by treatment with concentrated sulfuric acid. This method proves to be more precise, accurate, and reproducible than the existing colorimetric method. The limit of detection is 2 microgram of either acid per milliliter of urine with a CV of less than 15%. The standard curve for either acid is essentially linear from 2 to 100 microgram/mL of urine, with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.97. No satisfactory correlation was obtained between the concentrations of either acid metabolite as measured in rat urine by fluorometry and colorimetry. The present method is considered suitable for routine biological monitoring of persons exposed to both high and low concentrations of styrene.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Biological variables, especially skeletal deformities in fish, for monitoring marine pollution.

When considering principles for selection of indicators, i.e. biological variables, for monitoring marine pollution, it must be regarded as important to search for effects on the highest possible level of organization. For a global monitoring programme there are, however, many practical limitations in the number of useful indicators. The paper suggests skeletal deformities in fish as one possible indicator for this purpose in the future and gives a review on the occurrence, effects, causative factors and possible mechanisms of skeletal deformities in fish.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A less invasive approach to monitoring acute respiratory failure.

In a general ICU with a predominant surgical census, patients with acute respiratory failure can usually be treated on a clinical assessment and a minimum of invasive monitoring. An algorithm was used to manage the ventilatory support and weaning. When it failed (15% of the time), the patients' functional diagnoses were questioned and more advanced monitoring was used. The algorithm led to expeditious weaning of patients who did not need mechanical support and to a reduction of invasive monitoring.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1975

Polyamines as predictors of success and failure in cancer chemotherapy.

Polyamines appear to have clinical utility for monitoring cancer therapy. Investigations on the patterns of urinary excretion of polyamines in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy and studies of the tritiated-thymidine labelling index of tumour cells in a subgroup of these patients form the basis for a hypothesis that spermidine can serve as a marker of tumour-cell kill, whereas putrescine appears to reflect the proliferative behaviour or "growth fraction" of the tumour. Although tests of this hypothesis are necessary to establish the predictive value of polyamines for monitoring cancer therapy, it is clear that polyamines may provide important new information on tumour cytokinetic parameters.

Antineoplastic Agents↗