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Biomedical engineering is recognized as having developed an identity distinct from traditional engineering disciplines. The concepts which characterize this identity are outlined. The consequences of these are considered with particular attention to changing attitudes to professional specialization and work within the clinical environment.
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The Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Informatics at Linköping University in Sweden were established in 1972-1973. The main purpose was to develop and offer courses in medicine, biomedical engineering and medical informatics to students in electrical engineering and computer science, for a specialization in biomedical engineering and medical informatics. The courses total about 400 hours of scheduled study in the subjects of basic cell biology, basic medicine (terminology, anatomy, physiology), biomedical engineering and medical informatics. Laboratory applications of medical computing are mainly taught in biomedical engineering courses, whereas clinical information systems, knowledge based decision support and computer science aspects are included within the medical informatics courses.
There are biomedical engineers in India and a demand for their services, but there is an absence of trained technical staff to apply the subject within the hospitals. The current situation of the medical electronics aspect of biomedical engineering within Industry, the Hospitals and Educational Institutions is described and some of the problems identified. The particular problems of the growth of a complex technical subject within a developing country are also considered.
The contributions of biomedical engineering to health care delivery have focused on techniques for acquiring and processing patient data, primarily in the high technology setting of modern hospitals. The increased sophistication of hospitals is responsible in large measure for the soaring costs of health care. The current trend toward both ambulatory and home care provides new and challenging opportunities for biomedical engineering to bear on problems of great social and economic consequence in facilitating safe and effective care of the chronically ill in the security and comfort of their own homes. Techniques which are refined for use by the expanding population of both aged and handicapped individuals are also of potential value for the home care of younger patients with broader life expectancy. Projections into the future prospects for home care elicit a wide diversity of opportunities of great significance to the future of the health professions and society as a whole.
The key research areas of biomedical engineering are identified and analyzed. It is demonstrated how biomedical engineering fits into the world map of science. An analysis of biomedical engineering core journals provides statistical data about citation patterns in this discipline.
The education of biomedical engineers in Canada is discussed, with reference to the Canadian health care system and related industry. Information on specific educational programmes, with enrollment data, is presented. The paper concludes with brief comments on the certification of clinical engineers in Canada.
Biomedical engineering is an evolving science that seeks to insert technically oriented and trained personnel to assist medical professionals in solving technological problems in the pursuit of innovations in the delivery of health care. Consequently, engineering solutions are brought to bear on problems that previously were outside the training of physicians and beyond the understanding or appreciation of the conventionally educated electrical or mechanical engineers. This physician/scientist/engineer team has a capability to extend medicine and research far beyond the capability of a single entity operating alone. How biomedical engineering has added a new dimension to medical science at the Kennedy Space Center is described.
This review is a commentary on recent, altered perspectives about biomedical engineering and its role in medicine. It is argued that, rather than being a peripheral specialty, medical engineering and engineering principles in general have a direct application to biochemical medicine and cell biology. A brief description is given of the cell as a compartmentalised reactor system, and the ways in which it is possible to replace lost or aberrant cell function. Specific topics are then covered to illustrate the general thesis. These are: polymers for cell mimicry, cell-surface interactions, biomolecule transport, cell transport phenomena, cell signalling, harnessing of cells for therapy and microbial interactions. These disparate subject areas have a common thread of interest for the biomedical engineer, and are presented here in a way which highlights key points of relevance for engineering. Though necessarily brief, the various descriptions in this review provide a film indication that a rigorous approach to the assessment, modelling and use of cells along sound engineering lines is vital for the future. It is concluded that, without this approach, our understanding of cell biology will remain semiquantitative and semiempirical.
The unique properties of piezoelectric/pyroelectric polymers offer many new opportunities for biomedical engineering sensor applications. Since their discovery nearly 20 years ago, the polymer films have been used for many novel switching and sensor applications. Despite the prodigious exposure from many recent publications describing piezo film applications, methods of sensor fabrication and circuit interfacing still elude most engineers. This paper is presented as a tutorial guide to applying piezo polymers to biomedical engineering applications. A review of the fundamentals of piezoelectricity/pyroelectricity in piezo polymers is first presented. Their material properties are contrasted with piezoelectric ceramic materials. Some advantages and disadvantages of the films for biomedical sensors are discussed. Specific details on the fabrication of piezo film sensors are presented. Methods are described for forming, cutting, and mounting film sensors, and making lead connections. A brief discussion of equivalent circuit models for the design and simulation of piezoelectric/pyroelectric sensors is included, as well as common circuit interface techniques. Finally, several sources are recommended for further information on a variety of biomedical sensor applications.
The role of the hospital biomedical engineer is described with reference to design and development of equipment and its maintenance, provision of a technical advisory service, and teaching.
To progress in the development of laser medicine and laser surgery, multidisciplinary efforts are required. One important phase in its development is the laser biomedical engineering program being offered following the basic laboratory research. Some of this type of programming is present today, but more development is needed for a formal program offering crossfertilization between engineering and medical uses. Therefore, a formal program is being proposed, which will be reviewed by mixed groups over a period of time. A final recommendation will indicate whether to go ahead with this revision of the program, to wait for further development of the program, or to maintain the status quo. The relationship of technical training for technicians in laser biomedical engineering is also reviewed.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.