PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Bionics”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Glycemic and safety outcomes of the insulin-only bionic pancreas in older adults and individuals with impaired awareness of Hypoglycemia: a post hoc analysis of a randomized pivotal trial.

AIMS: Evaluate the efficacy and safety of iLet Bionic Pancreas (BP) in older adults and individuals with impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH). METHODS: This post hoc analysis used individual participant-level data from the Insulin-Only Bionic Pancreas Pivotal Trial (n = 440; NCT04200313). Eligible participants (n = 96) with type 1 diabetes, aged ≥ 60 years and/or had IAH (Clarke score ≥ 4), were randomized to BP with aspart/lispro (BP-Asp/Lis; n = 45), BP with fast-acting aspart configuration (BP-Fiasp; n = 31), or standard care (SC; n = 20) for 13 weeks. RESULTS: Compared with SC, time-in-range (70-180 mg/dL) significantly increased by 7.49 % (95 % CI: 2.61 to 12.38; ∼1.8 h/day) with BP-Asp/Lis and by 8.28 % (95 % CI: 3.15 to 13.41; ∼2.0 h/day) with BP-Fiasp, driven by reduced hyperglycemia. No significant differences were observed in hypoglycemia exposure. Severe hypoglycemia occurred in four participants (four events) on BP-Asp/Lis and one participant (two events) on SC. One diabetic ketoacidosis event occurred on BP-Fiasp due to an infusion set failure. CONCLUSIONS: In high-risk, clinically vulnerable populations, the BP system significantly improved glycemic control while maintaining safety parity with respect to hypoglycemia risk, providing a resilient therapeutic alternative for vulnerable cohorts.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Bionic organs.

When a lizard loses its tail, a new caudal appendage soon grows to replace the one that is missing. But when a human loses a kidney, severs a peripheral nerve or worse, the spinal cord, that organ is lost forever. Such at least is conventional thinking. But imagine that the victim of an industrial accident with a paralyzed hand could achieve new levels of function by inducing axonal regrowth through a synthetic nerve guidance channel; or that a Parkinsonian patient's symptoms could be relieved by implanting in his brain neural tissue encased in a selectively permeable polymer envelope; or that the inexorable progression of the vascular complications of juvenile diabetes could be stopped, even reversed, by a membrane-protected xenograft of insulin-producing tissue. This is the dream of bionic organ science. It is predicated on two lines of technological achievement: the availability of ultra-thin, biocompatible, selectively permeable polymer membranes which can protect a transplant against immune rejection while allowing solute exchange between the graft and its environment; and the synthesis of novel materials, some biostable, some bioresorbable, which can serve as scaffolding or anchor for tissue regrowth in the geometrically and chemically controlled environment of an implant. The fabrication, growth and survival of composites of living tissues with synthetic polymers, often enhanced by the incorporation of specific cell growth factors or inhibitors, has been demonstrated at the tissue culture level, and extended in vivo to experimental models of human endocrine deficiency or neurological defects. The key to progress with bioartificial organs is the confluence of knowledge ranging from materials science to cell and molecular biology to experimental surgery. Obstacles to clinical implementation of this new therapeutic concept include: large scale procurement of specific tissue structures or isolated postmitotic cells from animal sources; demonstration of safety and efficacy of spontaneously occurring, bioactive tumor cell lines; verification of long-term stability and bio-acceptance of polymer implants; and industrialization of the fabrication process to meet quality control, shelf-life and commercial distribution requirements.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Genetics of major depressive disorder in a homogeneous population with uniform phenotyping.

Harmonized phenotyping and diverse population-specific studies are crucial for advancing gene discovery in psychiatric genetics. We conducted a genome-wide association (GWAS) mega-analysis of DSM-defined lifetime major depressive disorder (MDD) in 64 941 participants (25.7% cases) from the Dutch BIObanks Netherlands Internet Collaboration (BIONIC) consortium. Liability-scale SNP-based heritability was 12.0% (SE = 1.4%) as estimated by LDSC (assuming a lifetime prevalence of 15%) and 26.6% (SE = 1.1%) when estimated by LDAK-REML on individual-level genotype data, indicating substantial common-variant signal in this clinically harmonized sample. The genetic correlation with the latest major depression GWAS from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC-MD) was high (rG = 0.89, SE = 0.048). Polygenic scores (PGSs) based on BIONIC predicted depression in UK Biobank, and PGSs derived from PGC-MD predicted MDD in BIONIC, supporting transferability of depression polygenic signal across cohorts and phenotype definitions. Within-family PGS analyses in twins suggested that the observed prediction was not primarily driven by detectable family-level confounding, and twin concordance for MDD increased with polygenic burden. We identified one genome-wide significant locus, indexed by rs3818852 in PALMD, but this finding currently lacks independent replication and should be interpreted cautiously. Finally, genetic correlation and latent causal variable analyses identified multiple traits showing shared or directionally consistent genetic associations with MDD. Together, these findings underscore the value of clinically harmonized phenotyping in regional biobank collaborations for studying the genetic architecture of MDD.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Future of home hemodialysis.

An attempt to prophesy the future of home hemodialysis is based on anticipated near and long term technological improvements. Dialysis treatments will become shorter, due to pressure filtration, while extracting molecules in the 300 to 3000 dalton weight range through more permeable membranes. Portable and wearable dialysis systems will increase patient mobility. By the 21st century, implantable bionic kidneys and perfect host tolerance to renal allografts and xenografts will relegate home hemodialysis to history texts. A non-surgical definitive treatment for uremia is envisioned in the colonization of the human bowel with nitrogenn recycling bacteria.

Bionics↗
PubMed1992

cAMP activation of CF-affected Cl- conductance in both cell membranes of an absorptive epithelium.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by abnormal epithelial Cl- conductance (GCl). In vitro studies that have shown that cAMP regulation is an intrinsic property of the CF-affected GCl(CF-GCl) have been carried out previously on cultured secretory cells and on nonepithelial cells. Even though GCl in absorption is defective in CF, a clear demonstration of cAMP regulation of CF-GCl in a purely absorptive tissue is lacking. We studied the cAMP regulation of CF-GCl in the microperfused intact human reabsorptive sweat duct. About 40% of the ducts responded to cAMP (responsive) while the remainder of the ducts did not. In responsive ducts, cAMP-elevating agents: beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol (IPR), CPT-cAMP, forskolin, theophylline or IBMX increased Gt by about 2.3-fold (n = no. of ducts = 8). Removal of media Cl-, but not amiloride pretreatment (in the lumen), abolished the cAMP response, indicating exclusive activation of GCl. cAMP activated both apical and basolateral GCl. cAMP hyperpolarized gluconate: Cl- (lumen:bath) transepithelial bionic potentials (delta Vt = -20.3 +/- 5.2 mV, mean +/- SE, n = 9) and transepithelial 3: 1 luminal NaCl dilution diffusion potentials (delta Vt = -8.8 +/- 2.9 mV, n = 5). cAMP activated basolateral GCl as indicated by increased bi-ionic (gluconate:Cl-, bath:lumen) diffusion potentials (by about 12 mV). The voltage divider ratio in symmetric NaCl solutions increased by 60%. Compared to responsive ducts, nonresponsive ducts were characterized by smaller spontaneous transepithelial potentials in symmetrical Ringer's solution (Vt = -6.9 +/- 0.8 mV, n = 24, nonresponsive vs. -19.4 +/- 1.8 mV, n = 22, responsive ducts) but larger bi-ionic potentials (-94 +/- 6 mV, n = 35, nonresponsive vs. -65 +/- 5 mV, n = 17, responsive ducts) and dilution diffusion potentials (-40 +/- 5 mV, n = 11, nonresponsive vs. -29 +/- 3 mV, n = 7, responsive ducts). These results are consistent with an inherently (prestimulus) maximal activation of GCl in nonresponsive ducts and submaximal activation of GCl in responsive ducts. We conclude that cAMP activates CF-GCl which is expressed and abnormal in both apical and basal membranes of this absorptive epithelium in CF.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1992

Total eye transplantation for the blind: a challenge for the future.

Blindness is a human and social problem of incalculable weight. In the future, artificial 'bionic' prostheses and retinal grafts could achieve a long-sought cure. Several lines of evidence led to the speculation that a total eye transplantation for the cure of retinal blindness may become feasible in the near future. It is proposed that a brain dead patient's eye, whose retinal viability has been demonstrated with an electroretinogram recording, be transplanted into the blind's voided orbital socket, through a frontoorbitotemporal craniotomy and orbitozygomatic osteotomy. Regenerating optic nerve axons are channeled in a specially constructed guide to the homolateral corpus genicolatum laterale, while the retinal ganglion cells are adequately protected during the regrowth period. Aspects of this paradigm are reviewed and discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Threonine in the selectivity filter of the acetylcholine receptor channel.

The acetylcholine receptor (AChR) is a cation selective channel whose biophysical properties as well as its molecular composition are fairly well characterized. Previous studies on the rat muscle alpha-subunit indicate that a threonine residue located near the cytoplasmic side of the M2 segment is a determinant of ion flow. We have studied the role of this threonine in ionic selectivity by measuring conductance sequences for monovalent alkali cations and bionic reversal potentials of the wild type (alpha beta gamma delta channel) and two mutant channels in which this threonine was replaced by either valine (alpha T264V) or glycine (alpha T264G). For the wild type channel we found the selectivity sequence Rb greater than Cs greater than K greater than Na. The alpha T264V mutant channel had the sequence Rb greater than K greater than Cs greater than Na. The alpha T264G mutant channel on the other hand had the same selectivity sequence as the wild type, but larger permeability ratios Px/PNa for the larger cations. Conductance concentration curves indicate that the effect of both mutations is to change both the maximum conductance as well as the apparent binding constant of the ions to the channel. A difference in Mg2+ sensitivity between wild-type and mutant channels, which is a consequence of the differences in ion binding, was also found. The present results suggest that alpha T264 form part of the selectivity filter of the AChR channel were large ions are selected according to their dehydrated size.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2026

Decoding mechanoregulation in immunological synapses using biomimetic artificial cells.

Mechanical force-driven signaling has emerged as a key regulator of cell-cell interactions (CCIs), which can enhance immune cell function. However, current biochemical approaches for studying CCIs offer minimal direct control over cellular bulk phenotypes, while synthetic biomaterial systems fail to mimic the dynamic complexity of cells. Here we introduce kpiCells, a biomaterial-based platform that uses a biomimetic membrane-endoplasmic architecture to enable finely tuned phenocopying of cellular states via modular mechanical, chemical and topographical inputs. We demonstrate that kpiCells can engage in physiological CCIs and reproduce critical subcellular features. In T cell systems, kpiCells enable integrated interrogation of afferent mechanosensing pathways and efferent force-exertion pathways, and support measurement of piconewton-scale forces at individual T cell antigen receptors as well as single cell-cell force fingerprints that define activation thresholds. This work establishes kpiCells as a bionic model that enables synthetic material design with the level of functional complexity approaching living cell systems.

Artificial Cells↗
PubMed1978

Dermatologic problems in amputees.

Improvements in surgical techniques and prosthetic devices and the establishment of prosthetic clinics have altered the outlook for the amputee. A cooperative effect on the part of professionals looking after amputee patients, as carried out in these clinics, offers the best means of recognition and treatment of difficulties as they arise. Until the "bionic man" becomes a reality, amputees will continue to have skin problems. In describing a number of illustrative cases, we have attempted to: (a) renew interest in these problems; (b) demonstrate the value of the group approach; and (c) encourage the participation of interested dermatologists in the prosthetic clinic team to facilitate earlier recognition and treatment of troublesome skin disorders in the amputee.

Adolescent↗