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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

Estimate of births averted in the Profamilia program.

Kelly's parity approach is used to estimate the number of live births averted at 6, 12 and 18 months after acceptance by 3,518 acceptors at nine Profamilia clinics in 1969. The calculated rates per thousand acceptors at 6, 12, and 18 months, respectively, are 137, 267, and 363. In order to obtain a general idea of the number of abortions averted by contraceptive use through the Profamilia program, Kelly's formula is also used, with modifications, to estimate the number of fetal losses (stillbirths and spontaneous and induced abortions) averted by the sample of users. It is estimated that 86 fetal losses per thousand acceptors are averted at 18 months postacceptance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Estimation of births averted due to breast-feeding and increases in levels of contraception needed to substitute for breast-feeding.

After contraceptive use, breast-feeding duration is the major determinant of the birth interval length. Three methods of estimating births averted by breast-feeding, and the increase in contraceptive use needed to substitute for breast-feeding, are presented. Method 1 simply utilizes Bongaarts' Ci, and the other two are based on mean birth intervals with and without breast-feeding. Estimates for each method are derived for six countries with DHS surveys from the mid-1990s: Burkina Faso, Uganda, India, Indonesia, Brazil and Peru. The estimated percentage of additional births that would occur if there were no breast-feeding ranged from 1-4%, in Brazil to about 50% in Burkina Faso and Uganda, reflecting very low breast-feeding in Brazil and very high levels in the sub-Saharan African nations. Strengths and limitations of the three methods are considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Births averted under family planning programme: a mathematical approach.

"In this paper a probability model is proposed to describe the distribution of births to couples in first T years of marriage, when T is large and/or when couples use various methods of family planning. This model is derived on the assumption that conditional instantaneous risk of a conception, the incidence of foetal loss and the chance of attaining [sterility] following a child birth are functions of parity....The application of the model in evaluation of family planning programme changes in the child bearing pattern is illustrated."

Birth Rate↗
PubMed1981

Computing the level and distribution of gains from fertility reduction.

"This paper describes and illustrates new procedures for measuring monetary gains from fertility reduction that can be applied to macromodels of population and development. A previously developed method for calculating the total monetary gain from averted births is reviewed. A new technique for distributing gains between birth-averting households and society at large is explained....A technique for evaluating alternative fertility reduction programs is described. Each of the methods is applied to a macromodel estimated from a cross section of countries."

Birth Rate↗
PubMed1985

Selective effects in potential fertility: a simulation study.

"The effect of various factors on selection for family planning status and for natural fecundability is studied in a Monte Carlo simulation that incorporates heterogeneity of natural fecundability and of risks of foetal loss. Selection depends crucially on the duration of marriage at which contraceptive status is recorded, and on desired family size....The contraceptive status of sterile women is also revealed in the simulation, including users who do not know that they have become sterile. Formulae are developed to allow the estimation of births averted and potential fertility among the users, and results checked by further simulation." The results indicate "that selection for foetal loss is much less important than selection for natural fecundability in its effect on numbers of averted births and potential fertility." (summary in FRE)

Contraception↗