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12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Resistance to phloem transport of potato leafroll virus in potato plants.

A 'double-graft sandwich' technique in which sections of potato stem from different potato cultivars were grafted between a susceptible healthy stock plant and a potato leafroll virus (PLRV)-infected scion was used to study the rate of phloem transport of PLRV in cultivars differing in resistance to PLRV infection (IR) and accumulation (AR). Resistance to phloem transport (i.e. delayed PLRV systemic movement) was found in Bismark cultivar (IR A(S)). This was independent of IR and AR as the rate of movement in Bismark cultivar was markedly slower than that in Omega and Spunta (IR AR), Delaware (I(S) AR), and Desiree and Renova (I(S) A(S)) cultivars. It operated in Bismark cultivar stems of two different ages, but did not operate against potato virus X (PVX) and was not influenced by previous infection with this virus. Aphid vector (Myzus persicae) feeding preferences and colonization rates differed between cultivars, but the cultivar characteristics responsible were unrelated to IR, AR or resistance to phloem transport. Delayed systemic movement of PLRV out of leaves inoculated with viruliferous aphids was independent of AR and resistance to phloem transport, and remained unaffected by previous infection with PVX. It was also independent of cultivar factors causing different aphid feeding preferences and colonization rates, but may be linked to IR.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed1979

Displacement.

Displacement is a noncommital term for the reactions that occur when slides previously stained in phloxine or rose Bengal are immersed for varying lengths of time in a solution of another dye in ethyl Cellosolve. In most histotechnic texts Lendrum's (1947) phloxine-tartrazine is given as the stain for acidophilic inclusion bodies. However the lack between the phloxine and tartrazine has been a serious limitation. A number of dyes were tried as possible substitutes for the tartrazine. A rose Bengal-Bismark brown Y procedure was developed which stains similarly to Lendrum's phloxine-tartrazine and which does have the needed contrast. After staining for 10 min in 1% aqueous rose Bengal and rinsing in isopropyl alcohol slides are placed for 20, 30, 40 and 50 min in 0.05% Bismark brown Y in ethyl Cellosolve. In various tissues and structures the rose Bengal is sequentially displaced by the Bismark brown Y. Thus collagen loses the red stain after 30 min while acedophilic structures like sperm heads and Paneth cell granules retain the red stain after 50 min in the displacement solution. The results are strikingly similar to staining with alkaline Biebrich scarlet.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Assessing the influence of different alignment tools on the accuracy of a forensic epigenetic clock.

MOTIVATION: DNA methylation (DNAm) has long been a commonly investigated biomarker in biomedical research. The current gold standard for DNAm detection is bisulfite sequencing which requires dedicated alignment tools that can handle reduced sequence complexity. One commonly used application of DNAm are epigenetic clock measurements. These clocks have been adapted by many fields for their specific needs, including forensic genetics. Here, epigenetic clocks were designed to help estimate the chronological age of a biological stain donor for investigative purposes. RESULTS: In this study, data generated with a well-established forensic epigenetic clock is aligned with four different bisulfite-specific alignment tools: "Bwa-meth," "Abismal," "Bismark," and "BS-Seeker2." For each tool, we tested up to six different settings, altering parameters such as the maximum number of mismatches or the score function setting. The goal was to investigate whether the final predicted ages differed considerably between the tested alignment tools and settings. Quality controls such as read depth, precision, recall, F1 score, and alignment run time were also assessed. To allow other researchers to easily perform such methylation comparison analyses on their own data, a Shiny app called "MethylAge Explorer" was developed within this study. None of the tested settings for the three alignment tools "Abismal," "Bismark," and "BS-Seeker2" outperformed the originally used alignment tool "Bwa-meth" in terms of age prediction accuracy. However, differences in final age predictions were observed between the different alignment tools. Therefore, it is necessary to be aware of which alignment tool to use for particular epigenetic clocks. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The data underlying this article and the code for the shiny app are available on GitHub (https://github.com/charlsut/methylage_explorer).

DNA Methylation↗
PubMed1989

[Comparative histochemical study of glycoconjugates of the major salivary glands and pancreas in humans].

The human parotid, submandibular, sublingual salivary glands and pancreas have been studied with lectin--horseradish peroxidase conjugates (con A, PNA, SBA, WGA, LAL), aldehyde fuchsin and Bismark brown. Intercalated duct cells produce a specific aldehyde-fuchsin-reactive substance. These cells are found only in the submandibular and parotid, but not in the sublingual glands. Similar reactivity is found in B-insulocytes of the pancreas. Aldehyde-fuchsin marks cytoplasmic granularity of the striated duct cells of all large salivary glands. This specific granularity is also selectively stained with Bismark brown and con A. Using fucose-specific lectin from Laburum anagyroides bark (LAL), granularity in serocytes of the submandibular gland is demonstrated. Some individual variations are observed in PNA binding to serocytes of the submandibular gland. It reveals that thyroglobulin-peroxidase conjugate (previously reported as an available second-step reagent for indirect lectin histochemical methods) non-specifically binds to the striated duct cells of the submandibular gland. During control staining it is also found, that DAB-reaction for endogenous peroxidase can be used as a test-system for a selective histochemical exposure of nuclear regions of endotheliocytes, pericytes and striated duct epitheliocytes of the human salivary glands. Possible significance of the phenomena observed is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

The distribution and prevalence of group A arbovirus neutralizing antibodies among human populations in Southeast Asia and the Pacific islands.

Plaque reduction neutralization tests, using five group A arboviruses (chikungunya, Ross River, Getah, Bebaru and Sindbis), were done on sera from human populations in 44 Southeast Asia and Pacific island localities. Specificity of the plaque neutralization test was determined by examining convalescent sera from patients with known alphavirus infections. Chikungunya-specific neutralizing antibodies were demonstrated in sera of persons living in South Vietnam, Northern Malaysia, Indonesia (Kalimantan and Sulawesi), as well as Luzon, Marinduque, Cebu and Mindanao islands in the Philippines. Evidence of Ross River virus infection was found among populations living in West New Guinea and Papua New Guinea mainland, the Bismark Archipelago, Rossel Island and the Solomon Islands. There appeared to be no geographic overlap in the distribution of chikungunya and Ross River viruses, with the separation in their distribution corresponding with Weber's line in the Pacific. Sindbis neutralizing antibodies were found in 7 of 21 populations sampled, but in general the prevalence of infection was low. Four sera, from Vietnam, Malaysia and Mindanao gave monospecific reactions with Getah virus. No evidence of specific Bebaru virus infection was detected. The epidemiology of these five alphaviruses in Southeast Asia and the Pacific islands is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Influence of bacterial plaque disclosing agents on patient oral hygiene motivation under direct supervision and direction].

Research was carried out with the objective of studying the clinical influence of dental plaque disclosing agents as motivators for patients oral hygiene. Methylene blue, basic fuchsin, Bismark brown, malachite green, and gentian violet were used for dental plaque disclosure. Five groups were evaluated, 12 patients each, besides a control group of 12 patients. The experimental period analysed statistically was of approximately 7 weeks. The statistical analysis of the results proved not to have significant differences among the 6 groups analysed.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1985

[Studies on male infertility--acrosome reaction of the human sperm incubated in vitro].

In 1981, P. Talbot developed a triple-stain technique to estimate the number of human sperm undergoing normal acrosome reaction in fixed smears. In this method, live and dead sperm are first differentiated using the vital stain trypan blue. Sperm are then fixed in glutaraldehyde, dried onto slides, and the postacrosomal region and acrosome are differentiated using Bismark brown and Rose Bengal. Slides are examined at 1,000x with a bright-field microscope and assessed for the percentage of sperm that have undergone the normal acrosome reaction. Using this method we examined the time course of the acrosome reaction of human sperm incubated in mBWW the influence of human serum albumin, the calcium concentration of incubation media, Ca ionophore A 23187, and trypsin on the acrosome reaction of human sperm and the difference between the percentage of sperm undergoing normal acrosome reaction of fertile and infertile males. We got the following results: The percentage of human sperm undergoing acrosome reaction increased for the first six hours of incubation. Without human serum albumin the acrosome reaction did not occur. Ca ion could be one of the triggers of the acrosome reaction. Ca ionophore A23187 and trypsin induced the acrosome reaction in vitro. Sperm from oligozoospermic males, especially poorly motile sperm, could not undergo acrosome reaction so easily as sperm from fertile males could.

Acrosin↗
PubMed1977

Histomorphological and histochemical study of mucosa of fallopian tube of ageing goat.

The mucosa of infundibulum, ampulla and isthmus of fallopian tubes from 24 female goats aged from 2 months 24 days to 5 years 2 months and 18 days have been studied. The transition of mucosal folds, the lining epithelium and its cell types from Infundibulum towards uterine end, and changes in relation to the age and phases of estrous cycle have been reported. The most striking findings were: a) in goat the fallopian tube like that of sheep was lined chiefly by nonciliated type of cells in infundibulum, whereas the ciliated cells increased caudally, almost all being nonsecretory type in the isthmus; b) the presence of smooth muscle cells as identified with Gomori's one step trichrome stain was observed in the goat fallopian tube in case of mucosal folds specifically at the sites of branchings which anastomose with the adjacent ones; c) the PAS positive secretory material was found to be associated with glycogen acid mucopolysaccharides and mucoproteins as demonstrated by Best's carmine, Alcian blue-PAS and Bismark brown reactions, respectively.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2025

Whole Genome Methylation Sequencing via Enzymatic Conversion (EM-seq): Protocol, Data Processing, and Analysis.

Whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) has been the gold standard technique for base resolution analysis of DNA methylation for the last 15 years. It has been, however, associated with technical biases, which lead to overall overestimation of global and regional methylation values, and significant artifacts in extreme cytosine-rich DNA sequence contexts. Enzymatic conversion of cytosine is the newest approach, set to replace entirely the use of the damaging bisulfite conversion of DNA. The EM-seq technique utilizes TET2, T4-BGT, and APOBEC in a two-step conversion process, where the modified cytosines are first protected by oxidation and glucosylation, followed by deamination of all unmodified cytosines to uracil. As a result, EM-seq is degradation-free and bias-free, requires low DNA input, and produces high library yields with longer reads, little batch variation, less duplication, uniform genomic coverage, accurate methylation over a larger number of captured CpGs, and no sequence-specific artifacts.

DNA Methylation↗
PubMed2025

Longitudinal multi-omics in alpha-synuclein Drosophila model discriminates disease- from age-associated pathologies in Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) starts decades before symptoms appear, usually in the later decades of life, when age-related changes are occurring. To identify molecular changes early in the disease course and distinguish PD pathologies from aging, we generated Drosophila expressing alpha-synuclein (αSyn) in neurons and performed longitudinal bulk transcriptomics and proteomics on brains at six time points across the lifespan and compared the data to healthy control flies as well as human post-mortem brain datasets. We found that translational and energy metabolism pathways were downregulated in αSyn flies at the earliest timepoints; comparison with the aged control flies suggests that elevated αSyn accelerates changes associated with normal aging. Unexpectedly, single-cell analysis at a mid-disease stage revealed that neurons upregulate protein synthesis and nonsense-mediated decay, while glia drive their overall downregulation. Longitudinal multi-omics approaches in animal models can thus help elucidate the molecular cascades underlying neurodegeneration vs. aging and co-pathologies.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2026

Failures to maintain CpG-methylation of CoRSIVs in bovine sperm are associated with low sire conception.

In brief: Correlated regions of systemic interindividual epigenetic variation (CoRSIVs) are genomic regions with CpG-methylation patterns that differ between individuals, yet are consistent between tissues, within the same individual. Analyzing two groups of Holstein bull methylomes-nine with a high sire-conception rate (SCR) and nine with a low SCR-we found that a common type of CoRSIVs was significantly associated with reduced SCR and is thus suggested as a biomarker for SCR because it was highly methylated in sperm, but failed to retain hypermethylation in the gametes of males with low SCR. Abstract: Correlated regions of systemic interindividual epigenetic variation (CoRSIVs) are genomic regions with CpG-methylation patterns that differ between individuals, yet are consistent between tissues, within the same individual; therefore, their methylation can be profiled in bodily fluids that are easily obtained, such as blood and semen. Bearing in mind the simple epigenetic profiling of CoRSIVs, we tested whether this type of differentially methylated region (DMR) is associated with bovine fertility. Sequence Read Archive (SRA) meth BLAST was used to estimate CoRSIVs methylation status in 18 healthy, representative, and age-matched Holstein bulls, among which nine had high (H) sire-conception rate (SCR), and the other nine had low (L) SCR (group averages of SCR: 3.3&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;0.6 and -3.8&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;1.8, respectively). This method was also applied to morula and trophoblast SRA methylomes. Analysis with meth BLAST was effective for most (80%) CoRSIVs and showed that CoRSIVs are reprogrammed during blastocyst formation, although this method was incapable of specifically determining the methylation level in CoRSIVs with retrotransposons. In sperm, the effect of global methylation was evident in a common (25%) type of CoRSIVs that is highly (94.5%&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;4.3%) methylated in sperm. Specifically, a failure to retain hypermethylation in the sperm plus strand was significantly (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.00025) indicative of low SCR. Comparing global DNA methylation using the latter type of CoRSIVs between sperm and blood can be used as a better biomarker for fertility than using other differentially methylated regions with more complex epigenetics.

Animals↗