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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

Blast injuries to the lungs: clinical presentation, management and course.

Five patients with blast injuries to the lungs after bomb explosions are reported. In each patient radiological changes were apparent on the initial chest film taken within 4 hours of the explosions. Arterial hypoxaemia was also present. Four patients were actively treated with continuous positive-pressure ventilation, which was adjudged effective therapy. Two patients died, one owing to bilateral pneumothorax which occurred during anaesthesia, and the other owing to overwhelming infection. Hypoxaemia persisted for 4 months in one of the survivors. Lung function tests which were performed on the same patient 10 monhts after the blast injuries, however, were normal.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Blast injury of the chest. A review of the problem and its treatment.

Primary blast injury of the chest is a potentially lethal entity. Immersion blast is even more damaging than that incurred out of water. Illustrative cases of a group of patients injured by an underwater explosion are presented. The pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and diagnosis of the entity are described. Complications include arterial occlusion by air emboli, affecting the central nervous system and heart, and respiratory insufficiency and failure. Conventional management of respiratory failure with intermittent positive pressure breathing may further aggravate the air embolism. An attempt to circumvent this conflict with the aid of the membrane oxygenator and hyperbaric facilities is discussed. It is suggested that expeditious compression with oxygen in a one-man chamber might be the most favorable emergency measure, to be followed later by more extensive and definitive treatment in a major hospital equipped for such contingencies.

Blast Injuries↗
PubMed1979

Blast injury with particular reference to recent terrorist bombing incidents.

The aetiology of primary blast lung is discussed with reference to the biodynamics of blast injury, and the clinical and pathological features of the condition are described. An analysis of casualties from bomb blast incidents occurring in Northern Ireland leads to the following conclusions concerning the injuries found in persons exposed to explosions: (1) there is a predominance of head and neck trauma, including fractures, lacerations, burns, and eye and ear injuries; (2) fractures and traumatic amputations are common and often multiple; (3) penetrating trunk wounds carry a grave prognosis; and (4) primary blast lung is rare. A comparison of four bombing incidents in England in 1973 and 1974 shows how the type and severity of injury are related to the place in which the explosion occurs. The administrative and clinical aspects of the management of casualties resulting from terrorist bombing activities are discussed.

Blast Injuries↗
PubMed1978

[The therapy of tinnitus resulting from blast injury (author's transl)].

In a prospective study aimed at the cure of tinnitus due to blast injury, oral treatment of 172 patients with the mono-substances Betahistine, Pentoxifyllin and Xantinol-nicotinate were compared with those of control patients who received no medications. Patients treated with Pentoxifyllin and Xantinol-nicotinate improved better than the comparative group without therapy although the differences were not considerable. Betahistine as compared with the other groups produced significantly better therapeutic results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[The treatment of acute acoustic trauma (blast injury) with dextran 40 (author's transl)].

In a prospective study the results of treatment of 72 patients with deafness due to blast injury were assessed. All patients received infusions of Dextran 40. When treatment started within 3 days of the injury 74% showed complete recovery of hearing and the remaining 26% showed some improvement. When treatment started within 3 weeks of the injury 26.5% showed complete recovery, 61.8% had some improvement and 11.8% had no improvement. In 87.5% of those patients who attended after a longer interval no change in the audiograms occurred and only 12.5% had any significant improvement. The disappearance of tinnitus was effectively more common with early treatment. On account of these results the use of Dextran 40 is strongly advised.

Blast Injuries↗
PubMed1975

Analysis of fractures treated in the Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, in 1972, with special reference to gunshot wounds and bomb blast injuries.

The total number of patients admitted to the Fracture unit in the Royal Victoria Hospital in 1972 is recorded and classified according to cause. Fractures resulting from gunshot wounds and bomb injuries are examined more closely together with associated injuries and complications. These groups are compared briefly with the open fractures resulting from road traffic accidents. Treatment of fractures in gunshot wounds and bomb injuries is discussed. Reference is made to the mechanisms of injury by gunshot and explosions.

Accidents, Home↗
PubMed1976

Blast injuries of the lungs.

Up until 1968 Northern Ireland was a relatively peaceful community. The outbreak of civil disturbance has resulted in many patients being admitted to hospital with severe injuries from bullets and bomb explosions. Initial resuscitation must not be unduly delayed to be effective and should be carried out by experienced personnel. Respiratory failure from bomb explosions is rare and invariably fatal. The mechanism is discussed and is thought to be due to direct compression.

Blast Injuries↗
PubMed1992

[Early fluid therapy for dogs with severe burn-blast combined injury].

Fifty male mongrel dogs were inflicted with 25% III degree burn combined with moderate blast injury. They were divided into five groups; four treatment groups (with various amounts of infused fluid and sodium) and one control group. Each group consisted of 10 animals. The results indicated that every kind of treatment was effective. However, the regime of crystalloid plus whole blood (infused 8 h after injury) was the best. Generally speaking, fluid therapy should be given carefully. The optimal amount of sodium given was 0.3 mmol.kg-1.1%.BSA-1. The amount of water-2-2.5ml.kg-1% BSA-1. After treatment with the Parkland formula, the pulmonary water content was high, so it is not worth recommending. Continuous measurement of the viscosity of plasma, microhematocrit and the amount of sodium in urine and blood were simple and useful.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Keratoprosthesis: a 12-year follow-up.

A retrospective study of our total experience with implantation of four types of keratoprosthesis in 125 cases was reviewed. Diagnoses in the cases treated included chemical burns, derangement of the anterior segment from disease or injury, aphakic bullous keratopathy, ocular pemphigoid, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, anterior cleavage syndrome, Mooren ulcer, and blast injuries. The visual results in some cases have been gratifying and in others heartrending. Thirty percent of the patients attained 20/15 to 20/40 visual acuity, but at the end of 12 years, only 13% still had this visual acuity. Twenty-four percent attained 20/50 to 20/200 visual acuity, but this figure fell to 17% at the end of 12 years. Loss of initial good visual acuity was due to the numerous complications which required close observation and repeated surgery to control. The number of complications has been reduced by the use of a keratoprosthesis with a Dacron skirt and of the addition the Cardona nut and bolt to the shaft. The surgical technique has been improved by the use of a scleral expander, elimination of a scleral graft, and the use of the Tenon graft. The indications for the keratoprosthesis have changed over the years. Many alkali burns and practically all aphakic bullous keratopathy have been eliminated from the indications. Keratoprosthesis should be reserved for desperate cases. The technique of implantation is not complicated and initial results are usually good. The multiple complications, however, make it necessary for these cases to be followed by a surgeon who is familiar with the management of complications.

Blast Injuries↗