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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Peripheral circulation in the newborn: interaction of peripheral blood flow, blood pressure, blood volume, and blood viscosity.

Peripheral blood flow and systolic blood pressure (strain-gauge plethysmograph), blood volume (Evans blue) and whole blood viscosity (cone-plate viscometer) have been measured in 66 premature and full-term infants 6 to 144h of age. Blood flow and blood volume were moderately decreased in the infants with respiratory distress. Highly significant (P less than 0.001) correlations were found between blood flow and blood volume (r = 0.77), blood pressure and blood volume (r = 0.50), peripheral resistance and blood volume (r = -0.44), blood flow and blood pressure (r = 0.50), blood flow and peripheral resistance (r = -0.67), peripheral resistance and blood viscosity (r = 0.45), and blood viscosity and haematocrit (r = 0.86). There was no correlation between peripheral blood flow and blood viscosity. However, at given blood volume, peripheral blood flow decreased with increasing blood viscosity. These results indicate that in newborn infants peripheral blood flow, blood pressure and peripheral resistance are influenced by blood volume, but also depend on blood viscosity.

Blood Circulation↗
PubMed1975

Pseudocholinesterase activity of human whole blood, bank blood, and blood protein solutions.

Pseudocholinesterase (E.C. 3.1.1.8) activity was measured in plasma of whole blood, bank blood, and several commercially available blood protein solutions by means of a colorimetric assay technique at 25 degrees C, pH 7.7, and with butyrylthiocholine as substrate (Merckotest-R No. 3337). Activity of whole blood was 5.79 plus or minus 0.20 U x ml-1, of bank blood 4.53 plus or minus 0.27 U x ml-1, and of two human serum solutions (Biseko-R, Seretin-R) 3.05 plus or minus 0.13 and 3.04 plus or minus 0.22 U x ml-1, respectively (mean plus or minus S.E.M.). The other blood protein solutions contained no clinically significant esterase activity. Since transfusion of blood plasma has been suggested for treatment of cholinesterase deficiency and postoperative suxamethonium-induced muscle paralysis, an in-vitro attempt was carried out to correlate the amount of plasma necessary and the rise of pseudocholinesterase activity in the recipient's blood: A large amount of blood has to be transfused to yield a comparatively small increase in esterase activity. Thus, considering the potential hazards of blood transfusion, this treatment does not seem to be advisable.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1979

Studies of the blood of Ascidia ceratodes. Total blood cell counts, differential blood cell counts, hematocrit values, seasonal variations, and fluorescent characteristics of blood cells.

Seasonal, and animal size and weight variations of the blood cells of the vanadium-containing ascidian. Ascidia ceratodes, were determined. The fluorescent properties of various cell types were ascertained, and discussed in terms of cell development, phylogenic position of the species, and chemicals in the cells.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1976

[Relation between age, sex and various metabolic parameters: blood uric acid (4776 specimens), blood sugar (7211 specimens), blood cholesterol (5600 specimens) and blood triglycerides (4438 specimens)].

The connection between age, sex and some laboratory parameters (blood uric acid, glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides) has been studied on a very wide whole (22025 exams). An important datum which has appeared is that the increase of age is connected with an increase of the values of the parameters studied, and that the sex conditions differences which proved statistically significant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Clinical use of blood, blood components and blood products.

The goal of modern transfusion therapy is to provide appropriate replacement therapy with blood components as opposed to whole blood for patients with specific hematologic deficiencies. A prerequisite of component therapy is, therefore, correct identification of the deficiency. Appropriate use of components avoids many of the hazards associated with the use of whole blood, and at the same time makes maximal use of this valuable resource. Blood components separated from whole blood soon after collection and appropriately stored can, in combination, provide all the factors present in fresh whole blood. Red cell concentrates prepared from multiple packs have a hematocrit of approximately 70%. They may be stored for up to 3 weeks at 4 degrees C and are recommended for most situations requiring red cell transfusions. Platelet concentrates, which can be stored for up to 72 hours at 22 degrees C, may be used for thrombocytopenic patients. Fresh frozen plasma, stored plasma, cryoprecipitated factor VIII, factor VIII concentrate and factor IX complex concentrate are available for the proper treatment of patients with hemorrhagic disorders due to coagulation factor deficiencies. Similarly, albumin and immune serum globulin are available for their oncotic and antibody properties respectively. Thus, the availability and appropriate use of the various blood products allows not only optimal transfusion therapy for each patient, but also fuller utilization of national blood resources.

Albumins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Identification of blood groups and isoenzymic phenotypes from blood stains, heart blood and nervous tissues after transfusion.

A man aged 42 years died from a hemorrhage resulting from stab wounds in his neck, chest and abdomen. The MN blood group and PGM1 phenotype of the victim's heart blood were inconsistent with those of the blood stains around the victim. The victim was transfused with 4000 ml of blood during the 9 hours before his death. Because PGM1 phenotypes obtained from blood stains at the scene of the crime and from the weapon corresponded with those from the victim's dental pulp, peripheral nerve and bone marrow, the victim's blood groups and isoenzymic phenotypes could be determined accurately.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1976

Contributions to the optimal use of human blood. VIII. Stability of blood coagulation factor VII during collection and storage of whole blood and plasma.

Investigations were performed concerning the influence of the pH on the stability of factor VIII during the collection of blood and during the storage of blood and plasma for varying periods and at varying temperatures. It was found that the low pH of ACD anticoagulant solution (pH 4.9) caused a loss of factor VIII procoagulant activity of 10-15% during the collection of blood. However, when less acidic anticoagulant solutions were used, substantial losses of factor VIII occurred during the storage of blood. We concluded that the optimal pH of both the anticoagulant solution and the stored blood, should be between 6.7 and 7.0. However, no anticoagulant solution is known that meets these requirements. In practice ACD ensures the highest recovery of factor VIII in cryoprecipitate, at least in those cases where the blood donations are stored for several hours before separation and freezing of the plasma.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed1975

[Determination of blood alcohol in persons with blood diseases and secondary distrubances of the blood pictures].

The distribution of alcohol in the blood is determined by the water content of serum and whole blood. In order to verify the conversion factor qu for the establishment of the "blood alcohol concentration" from the alcohol content of the serum, the serum protein content, the hematocrit and the water content of the serum and whole blood were determined in 246 persons suffering from diseases in which disturbances of the water content of the blood could be expected. It was shown that the conversion factor of 1,20 used in the routine practice of the alcohol laboratory is too large. Calculation of blood alcohol concentration from the serum alcohol using the conversion factor of 1,20 leads to a levelling of differences of about 10%.

Anemia↗
PubMed1977

Progestational agents and blood coagulation. VIII. Effect of low-dose, alternate-day, estrogen-progestin combinations on blood coagulation factors in man, with a special note on the effect of freezing of blood samples.

Changes in the blood coagulation system were studied in three groups of 20 patients each. The first group received 0.5 mg. of norethindrone daily, plus 0.06 mg. of ethinyl estradiol on alternate days from cycle Day 5 through 25. The second group, all of whom had been fitted with an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD), received no hormonal treatment and served as a control group. The third group received 0.5 mg. of norethindrone daily, combined with 0.045 mg. of ethinyl estradiol given on alternate days from cycle Day 5 through 25. Blood samples were drawn prior to the initiation of the study and after three months of treatment. Tests of the following parameters of the blood coagulation system were performed: direct platelet count; platelet adhesiveness; prothrombin time; thrombin time; fibrinogen; factor II assay; activity of factors V, VII, VIII, IX, and X; antithrombin III; and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products. For a number of these factors, both fresh and frozen blood samples were examined. It was concluded that the two treatment regimens, with the use of alternate-day estrogen administration over a three-month period, had no clinically significant effect on the blood coagulation system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Effect of energy restriction during late pregnancy on plasma insulin, blood glucose, blood urea and blood free amino acids in pregnant and suckling sheep].

The experiment was carried out in autumn using 27 Limousine ewes during pregnancy and lactation. Some blood essential and non-essential free amino acids increase during late pregnany. Blood glucose, blood urea and blood free threonine, valine and glycine increase after parturition. Reducing the energy supply of the ration during late pregnancy results in a decrease of plasma insulin and blood free tyrosine, phenylalanine and alanine.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1979

Calf blood flow and systolic blood pressure in patients with hyperviscosity of the blood.

The calf blood flow and the ankle blood pressure at rest and during post-ischemic reactive hyperemia were measured by an airfilled rubber segment plethysmograph in 5 patients with hyperviscosity of the blood. The patients had no signs of peripheral arterial disease. A normal flow and pressure pattern was obtained. It is concluded that hyperviscosity does not contribute significantly to the peripheral resistance during reactive hyperemia in the patients studied. The importance of hyperviscosity for peripheral resistance in patients with atherosclerosis obliterans is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of capillary ear blood and arterial blood to validate capillary sampling as an accurate assay of blood gas in swine.

Capillary sampling in swine can be performed as an accurate assay of arterial blood gases. Studies with swine provided results similar to, or slightly more favorable than, those reported for human beings, depending upon which cutaneous technique was used on human beings. On the basis of free flow or arterilization of the cutaneous sample and of the correlation between capillary and arterial pH, CO2 partial pressure (PCO2), and O2 partial pressure (PO2) values, the capillary sampling technique of complete incisement of a 2-mm section from the tip of the warmed porcine ear could be a substitution technique for arterial blood sampling. Free flow with this technique was maximized and high correlation coefficients (r) for pH (r = 0.96), PCO2 (r = 0.82), and PO2 (r = 0.90) capillary-arterial values (n = 37) were obtained.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Blood pressure in a high school population. I. Standards for blood pressure and the relation of age, sex, weight, height, and race to blood pressure in children 14 to 18 years of age.

This is a report on the initial from an ongoing study of blood pressure in ninth to twelfth grade students in the St. Louis metropolitan area. The purpose was to establish standards, to determine the incidence of hypertension, and to examine the relationship of blood pressure to age, weight, height, sex, and race. Subjects with persistent hypertension were to be investigated and checked annually as long as they were in high school. Students in the ninth grade at the beginning of the project were to be screened each year for four years.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide fluorescence and cortical blood flow in ischemic and nonischemic squirrel monkey cortex. 2. effects of alterations in arterial carbon dioxide tension, blood pressure, and blood volume.

The fluorescence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) from cerebral cortex was measured before, during, and after middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion and then at death of the animal. In normal cortex, NADH remained constant throughout a wide range of variations in blood pressure and Paco2. In ischemic cortex, NADH levels were higher in hypovolemic hypotensive animals than in normotensive normovolemic animals. Neither hypercapnia nor hypocapnia was effective in decreasing NADH in regions of ischemia, but the latter was associated with a degree of hypotension that interfered with interpretation of data. NADH returned to normal with restoration of flow, supporting the reversibility of this degree of ischemia. The high levels of NADH at death, compared to those during ischemia, are consistent with incomplete ischemia in this model of cerebral infarction.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Raised glucagon levels of the blood induced by arginine: relation to blood sugar, blood insulin and STH in aged non-diabetics and diabetics].

In a group of aged nondiabetic and diabetic subjects and in a group of young subjects the glycemic, insulin, growth hormone and glucagon response to intravenous arginine was studied. A prompt increase in blood glucose, serum insulin and glucagon levels was observed, but glucose and glucagon peaks were significantly higher in older non diabetic and diabetic subjects. Growth hormone secretion did not show any difference between aged nondiabetic and young subjects, on the contrary it is lower in diabetics. These findings might suggest the hypothesis of the glucose intolerance during old age due to increased release of glucagon.

Adult↗