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Results for “Blood Pressure--analysis”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

[Blood pressure analysis by means of an ultrasonic blood pressure monitor during the course of rehabilitative treatment (author's transl)].

A statistic evaluation of the daily blood pressure values at rest during a 4-week period of active training combined with physiotherapy and medical baths indicated a decrease of 20 mm Bg in systolic pressure and of 9 mm Hg in diastolic pressure in patients with hypertension of various grades. The resting blood pressure shows a tendency to become normalized during the course of this therapy with phases of maximum negative decline. However, a standardized simple submaximla ergometric load test carried out weekly demonstrated that there were only minimal changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure during exercise. In comparison with observations made in other spas, these results demonstrate a uniform reaction of the human organism to this particular form of irritative therapy independent of the particular features of the spas and the special constituents of the waters.

Baths↗
PubMed1976

Renin dependency of blood-pressure. Analysis by angiotensin II antagonist P113 in hypertensive patients treated with salt depletion and propranolol.

The effect of infusion of the angiotensin II antagonist P113 on blood-pressure (B.P.) has been studied in 10 patients with various forms of hypertension under four different conditions: before and after salt depletion and with or without propranolol treatment. The fall in B.P. after P113 infusion significantly correlated with log P.R.A. (plasma-renin activity), irrespective of diagnosis or treatment. P113 infusion caused a consistent fall in B.P. only after sodium depletion. The changes in B.P. after P113 infusion and those induced by propranolol correlated only during sodium depletion, when P.R.A. values rose. It is concluded that sodium depletion induced "renin dependency" of B.P. in all patients. The decrease in B.P. renin dependency after propranolol therapy suggests that suppression of P.R.A. is one of the antihypertensive mechanisms underlying the action of this drug.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Microcomputer-aided system for electrocardiograms and blood pressure analysis during drug-induced transient periods.

In the current experiments, we have developed a microcomputer-aided system for amplitude and duration parameter analysis of electrocardiogram (ECG) and blood pressure (BP) waveforms during the drug-induced transient period. Both ECG and BP are monitored, amplified and recorded using standard techniques. For studying the parameter variation trend, the time course of each parameter was produced. Based on these requirements, the present system combined data acquisition, data selection, data analysis, graph plotting and some experimental techniques to meet the need. Generalized human ECG and arterial BP waveforms were used in this system to expand its usable ranges. From the time course graph plotting, the variation trend of each parameter during each drug-induced transient period was obtained thereafter. The main advantages of this system include: (1) transient analysis--the system is suitable for complete and precise parameter analysis of human and animal ECG and BP in the drug-induced transient period; (2) ease of construction--the simplified hardware interface and IBM PC-AT compatible system make this system easy to be constructed; (3) ease of operation--modular data acquisition, processing and analysis procedures make this system easy to be operated; (4) high expansion potential--the modular hardware interface and modular software procedure make this system easy to be expanded; (5) wide utility--the system can be applied to any other research areas which involve the parameter analysis of ECG and BP.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Noninvasive diagnostic assessment of peripheral vascular disease.

Noninvasive techniques have assumed an increasingly important role in the management of patients with vascular disease. Both ultrasonic and plethysmographic instruments allow objective evaluation of vascular disorders by the measurement of segmental limb blood pressures, analysis of blood velocity disturbances, recording of digit or limb pulse waveforms, or imaging of vascular disease, with or without Doppler flow analysis or color-flow mapping. These techniques have been applied for screening asymptomatic individuals, diagnosis of symptomatic patients, monitoring of interventional or surgical procedures, and follow-up of the natural history or the efficacy of medical, interventional, or surgical therapy of vascular disease. This article reviews the clinical application of these modalities to patients with peripheral arterial disease and briefly discusses cost-effectiveness and potential abuses of noninvasive technology.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMed1989

[Relationship between heart mass and semi-ambulatory pressure profiles].

This work was undertaken with 420 patients (90 normotensives: casual blood pressure less than or equal to 140/90 mmHg and 330 hypertensives) in which was recorded a semi ambulatory blood pressure profile (Dinamap 8AM-8PM, a reading every fifteen minutes). On the same day an echocardiogram was performed. We have correlated the left ventricular mass, the left ventricular mass index, the interventricular septum, the left ventricular cavity volume and the left ventricular posterior wall with casual blood pressure, average daily blood pressure standard deviation and variation coefficient for mean blood pressure, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. Analysis by sex, left ventricular mass index and blood pressure level (normotensive, hypertensive): we observe a left ventricular hypertrophy in normotensive males (18 p. 100) and hypertensive ones (39.8 p. 100), in normotensive females (15 p. 100) and hypertensive ones (33.3 p. 100). Overall in 420 patients: excellent correlation (p less than 0.001) between average daily blood pressure, casual blood pressure and the four echocardiographic parameters except for left ventricular cavity volume. But correlation is better (z test of Fisher) with average daily blood pressure than with casual blood pressure. No difference exists between results obtained in women (194) and men (226). Concerning variability, four observations: there exists a correlation between standard deviation, left ventricular mass index, interventricular septum, left ventricular posterior wall (only for standard deviation of MBP). No correlation with coefficient correlation except for the MBP with septum in women. The correlation for the standard deviation are weaker than with average daily blood pressure. They are better with the septum than with other echocardiographic parameters.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in plasma norepinephrine, blood pressure and heart rate during physical activity in hypertensive man.

We have investigated the changes in plasma norepinephrine and blood pressure and heart rate during a range of physical activities in eight hypertensive subjects in order to determine whether changes in plasma norepinephrine reflect changes in sympathetic activity. Blood pressure was recorded over 24 hours from an intra-arterial cannula. Plasma norepinephrine, measured by a sensitive radioenzymatic method, increased progressively with increasing levels of physical activity. In each subject a statistically significant linear relationship was observed between the logarithm of plasma norepinephrine and systolic blood pressure. Analysis of variance showed that 66% of the variance of plasma norepinephrine was associated with changes in blood pressure and heart rate. These observations support the hypothesis that plasma norepinephrine reflects short-term changes in sympathetic activity. Use of the quantitative relationship described, in conjunction with measurements of norepinephrine metabolism, may help to determine the significance of increased levels of plasma norepinephrine observed in some hypertensive patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Relative risk factors in chronic open-angle glaucoma: an epidemiological study.

Some hypothesized risk factors in chronic open-angle glaucoma were investigated in a sample of 87 patinets with glaucoma and 87 matched controls. A significant positive association was found with diabetes, a systolic blood pressure/intraocular pressure (BP/IOP) ratio less than 5.75, and the taking of medication for systemic hypertension. No significant association was found with a history of smoking or an elevated systemic blood pressure. Analysis indicates that the systolic BP/IOP index may be useful as a screening test for the detection of glaucoma in samples where the prevalence of glaucoma is high.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The peripheral and central neural actions of clonidine in normal and glaucomatous eyes.

The peripheral and central neural actions of clonidine on normal and glaucomatous eyes have been investigated. Threshold doses of clonidine applied topically induced a monotonic decrease of intraocular pressure in the treated eye and had no effect on the contralateral eye. With increased clonidine dose, a decrease of intraocular pressure occurred in the untreated eye, and there was a concomitant decrease of systemic arterial blood pressure. Analysis of aqueous humor dynamics showed that the ocular response to the peripheral and the central neural actions of clonidine were without effect on the tonographic coefficient of outflow facility. The episcleral venous pressure decreased in both the treated and the untreated eyes, but the changes were too small to account for the observed decrease of intraocular pressure. The results are consistent with the concept that both the peripheral and central ocular hypotensive actions of clonidine are mediated by an inhibition of adrenergic neurogenic vasoconstriction in the eye.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1989

Contraceptive efficacy of norethindrone encapsulated in injectable biodegradable poly-dl-lactide-co-glycolide microspheres: phase II clinical study.

Contraceptive efficacy of injectable norethindrone (NET) microspheres of 90 day duration was evaluated for 6 months: nine women received two injections of 65 mg each and eight received two injections of 100 mg each with 90 days between each injection. Average serum NET levels were 5 to 9 ng/mL on the day after injection and subsequently remained at 1 to 3 ng/mL. With 65 and 100 mg doses, respectively, 36% and 25% of cycles had normal bleeding patterns, 36% and 48% were amenorrheic, and the remaining 28% and 27% had prolonged bleeding. Also, 56% and 40% of cycles showed increased spotting for the 65 mg and 100 mg dose, respectively. There was no incidence of pregnancy or serious side effects. The mean serum NET concentration returned to RIA nonspecific basal levels 100 days after the second injection. Women returned to ovulatory cycles between days 100 to 115 after the second injection.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Comparison of induction with and first hour of recovery from brief propofol and methohexital anesthesia.

Anesthesia and recovery during the first hour after propofol and methohexital anesthesia for termination of pregnancy, lasting about 12 min, were compared, the latter in a double-blind manner by means of psychomotor tests (coin counting and continuous auditory reaction time). Muscle movements and hiccups were seen significantly more frequently during methohexital inductions. No differences were seen regarding pain at the site of injection or apnea between the groups. At 15 min after the last dose of anesthetic, recovery after methohexital was ahead of that after propofol, but after 1 h, psychomotor performance was better in the propofol group. Side-effects during recovery were few, and incidences did not differ significantly. Although the difference in reaction time test was significant, it was hardly large enough to be of any clinical importance. Both drugs are useful for brief outpatient anesthesia, but smoother induction gives propofol an edge over methohexital.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1989

Hemodynamics during increased intraluminal pressure in the ileum of suckling swine.

Studies of intestinal hemodynamics during increased abdominal and intraluminal pressure in adult animals (canine and feline) have shown that blood flow is practically unchanged at pressures up to 35-40 mm Hg. In the young animal, however, decreased total intestinal blood flow has been shown at pressures of 15 mm Hg or greater. To help characterize the effect of intraluminal pressure on intestinal circulation, we have studied pressure-flow relationships in an isolated loop of terminal ileum in piglets 2-14 days of age (mean, 6.1 +/- 3.7 SD, n = 14) with a mean weight of 1,745 +/- 345 SD. Intraluminal pressure was increased from 0-50 cm of water pressure in 10-cm steps of two min' duration. Blood flow was reduced with every increase in intraluminal pressure and significantly reduced at pressures of 20 cm of water or more. The calculated peripheral vascular resistance increased with every increment of intraluminal pressure. Analysis of the relationship of arterial blood pressure to changes in blood flow suggests that blood flow reductions are greater in animals with lower blood pressure at every level of intraluminal pressure studied. Increased intraluminal pressure could be a mechanism of intestinal mucosal ischemia in the newborn, particularly affecting those with low arterial blood pressure.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Renal function in experimental chronic hydronephrosis. I. Backflow studies with dextran.

By ligation of the ureter, causing partial ureteral stenosis, unilateral hydronephrosis was induced in 10 dogs. Renal function studies including creatine clearance and osmolality determination were performed both before and after the ureteral ligation. The renal function analysis after induction of hydronephrosis included pyelovenous and pyelolymphatic reflux studies, with deposition of dextran in the renal pelvis at different intrapelvic pressures. Analysis with respect to sodium, potassium, chloride and dextran in the thoracic duct lymph, peripheral blood and urine from the intact kidney were performed. The results show a reduction of the renal function in hydronephrosis, little transport of dextran via the lymph and blood, and no significant increase in the lymphatic transport of the studied ions on elevation of the intrapelvic pressure.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Atrial natriuretic peptide, renin-aldosterone system and arterial pressure. Analysis by circadian rhythm measurement].

Six voluntary, clinically healthy, non-smoking, male subjects were studied to estimate and eventually quantify the role of the circadian rhythm of atrial natriuretic peptide and of the renin-aldosterone system in the conditioning and genesis of the circadian rhythm of arterial blood pressure. After a week of standard life condition, during the span of a day, with the subjects in constant supine position, venous blood samples were drawn every four hours, while arterial blood pressure was measured every two hours. Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide, renin activity, and aldosterone were determined by radioimmunoassay. The time-related values of each variable were analysed by the "cosinor" method. The cosinor analysis shows a statistically significant (p less than 0.05) circadian rhythm for all variables studied. These data suggest an inverse relationship between the circadian rhythm of atrial natriuretic peptide and that of arterial blood pressure, with a chronological sequence in the atrial natriuretic peptide-plasma renin activity-aldosterone axis.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Vascular reactivity of isolated perfused kidneys from normotensive, renal hypertensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats.

By means of an isolated kidney perfusion technique, reactivities of renal body vessels to electrical stimulation of renal plexus and intravascular administrations of low dosed norepinephrine and epinephrine were determined in the spontaneously hypertensive rats of Wistar strain, normotensive Sprague-Dawley rats and Sprague-dawley rats with renal hypertension of the same sex and as equal as possible with respect to age and body weight. The basal vascular resistance as indicated by the perfusion pressure caused by the same rat of perfusion was significantly higher in the renal hypertensive group. Both electrical stimulation of the renal plexus and intravascular administrations of catecholamines caused a rise of perfusion pressure. Analysis of the dose-response relationship reveals that in the dose range used, the sensitivities to electrical stimulation and to norepinephrine are significantly higher in the normotensive than the hypertensive groups. The results indicate that structural change in the blood vessels is more important than the adrenergic actions of low intensity in the cause of high resistance of blood flow in hypertensive subjects at least in the kidney.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Differential anesthetic depression of chronotropic baroreflexes in rats.

To assess anesthetic alteration of chronotropic baroreflexes, arterial pressure and heart rate (HR) were monitored continuously during intravenous (i.v.) infusions of phenylephrine or sodium nitroprusside in rats that were either awake or anesthetized (with pentobarbital, urethane, or chloralose). Ensuing reflex HR responses during each drug infusion were determined in two ways: (a) at 10-s intervals (time analysis), and (b) with every 5-mm Hg change in pressure (pressure analysis). Results were less variable with pressure than with time analysis. With responses from awake rats as a basis for comparison, pressure analysis showed that pentobarbital greatly attenuated both reflex tachycardia and bradycardia, whereas urethane and chloralose reduced only reflex tachycardia. Depression by pentobarbital of both reflex tachycardia and bradycardia suggests severe attenuation of both sympathetic and parasympathetic tone. In contrast, preferential alteration of reflex tachycardia by chloralose and urethane implies a greater attenuation of sympathetic than parasympathetic tone.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1990

Gas exchange across avian eggshells oscillates in phase with heartbeat.

Rahn et al. (J. Appl. Physiol. 69: 1546-1548, 1990) showed that the gas pressure in a plethysmograph containing an intact egg oscillates in phase with electrocardiogram (ECG) and that this pressure variation could be used as a noninvasive way to determine the heart rate of an avian embryo. One possible mechanism to account for the pressure oscillation is the mechanical movement of the embryonic heart, which leads to volume shifts of gas within the plethysmograph. Another possibility is that the oscillation of gas pressure with heartbeat is pulsatile gas exchange resulting from pulsatile blood flow. If gas exchange were transiently stopped, a pressure signal dependent on gas exchange should disappear, while a pressure signal dependent on cardiovascular motion should persist. Using a number of late-age hen eggs (at days 15-20 of incubation), we tested these hypotheses by suddenly changing the gas composition surrounding an egg and measuring the effect of the pressure oscillation. We found that 1) after 5% CO2-95% N2 was flushed into the plethysmograph (presumably halting gas exchange), pressure oscillations went almost to zero and the ECG signal remained; after air was flushed back to the plethysmograph, the pressure signal returned to control level; 2) after 20% CO2-20% O2-60% N2 was flushed into the plethysmograph (presumably increasing net gas exchange), the pressure signal increased 2.5-fold compared with that in air; and 3) after 1% CO2-99% N2 was flushed into the plethysmograph (presumably reversing gas exchange), the oscillation pressure decreased to one-fourth of that in air and the phase of pressure relative to ECG reversed compared with the phase in air.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Air Pressure↗