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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

How, When, and for Whom Does Daily Weight Bias Internalization Undermine Body Image Satisfaction? A Daily Diary Study of Perceived Weight, Exercise Duration, and Gender Differences Among Adolescents.

Although body image satisfaction is increasingly recognized as a dynamic experience that fluctuates across daily contexts, little is known about how weight bias internalization shapes these fluctuations or the cognitive mechanisms and contextual factors involved. The present study examined whether perceived weight mediates the association between weight bias internalization and body image satisfaction, whether exercise duration moderates this association, and whether these effects differ by gender. Daily diary data were collected over 10 consecutive days from 305 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 12.59 years, SD = 0.63 years; 49.2% girls). Multilevel analyses revealed that, at both within- and between-person levels, higher weight bias internalization was associated with lower body image satisfaction. Perceived weight significantly mediated the association between weight bias internalization and body image satisfaction at both levels. Additionally, exploratory analyses using dynamic structural equation modeling further indicated that perceived weight mediated the relationship between weight bias internalization and body image satisfaction at the between-person level, but not at the within-person level. Furthermore, exercise duration moderated the association between perceived weight and body image satisfaction among female adolescents but not among male adolescents. Specifically, the negative association between perceived weight and body image satisfaction was stronger on days when girls engaged in more exercise than usual and among girls with higher average exercise duration. In addition, exercise duration moderated the indirect association between weight bias internalization and body image satisfaction through perceived weight at both within- and between-person levels among girls. These findings highlight the dynamic cognitive processes linking weight bias internalization to body image satisfaction, and the importance of considering gender and daily exercise context in understanding adolescents' body image experiences.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Indigenous body image amid rapid social and economic change: A reflexive thematic analysis of Wayuu narratives.

The Wayuu, Colombia's largest Indigenous group, are experiencing rapid social, economic, and technological change, including expanding internet access, educational opportunities, and increasing exposure to globalised media. Though the harmful effects of appearance-idealised media imagery on body image are well documented, indigenous body image research remains unevenly distributed across global contexts, with Latin American Indigenous communities particularly underrepresented. This study explored how Wayuu people understand and experience appearance ideals and body image in the context of expanding digital media exposure and rapid sociocultural and economic change. Five focus groups of up to 9 participants were conducted with 29 Wayuu participants (18-68 years; 23 women, 6 men). Using reflexive thematic analysis, three overarching themes were identified: (1) Intersecting sources of appearance pressure: encompassing influences from social media, Wayuu family expectations, and discrimination from non-Indigenous peers; (2) Negotiating and resisting appearance ideals: from body dissatisfaction and restrictive eating to affirmation of cultural identity as protection; and (3) The changing role of appearance in today's Wayuu culture: participants linked globalised appearance ideals to expanding educational opportunities, migration, digital connectivity, and broader socioeconomic transformations occurring within Wayuu territories. While exposure to global ideals fostered comparison and dissatisfaction, cultural pride and collective belonging appeared to buffer against internalised colonial values. Culturally grounded media literacy and education initiatives co-developed with Wayuu communities could foster critical reflection while strengthening heritage. These results highlight the need for decolonial, community-based approaches to body image research and intervention in Indigenous contexts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

Instruments for measuring body image in breast cancer patients: a systematic review of measurement properties.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the psychometric properties of PROMs for measuring body image in breast cancer patients. METHODS: In December 2024, a psychometric systematic review was performed in the nine databases. The COSMIN checklist was employed to evaluate the methodological quality and psychometric properties of the included body image measures. The level of evidence was assessed using the GRADE framework, and final recommendations were formulated for the scale. RESULTS: Thirty-eight articles evaluating fifteen PROMs were included in this review. Structural validity, internal consistency, and hypothesis testing had been most frequently evaluated. Measurement error had not been assessed for all PROMs. Twelve instruments show potential application value but require further research. The BAS-BC, PSPP, and ASI-R are not recommended for use, as these instruments do not meet the strict COSMIN thresholds for full recommendation. CONCLUSION: The BIS can be recommended as a temporary screening tool for assessing body image outcome in clinical practice. The BIRS can be tentatively advised for measuring specific postoperative body image changes. However, further comprehensive studies are required to validate the psychometric properties of existing PROMs.

Female↗
PubMed1977

Desensitization therapy for body image anxiety.

A newly devised therapy technique to desensitize individuals for body image anxiety arising from conversion symptoms and psychophysiologic disorders is outlined. One application involves the projective use of inkblots with high anatomical content which provide a source of visual input to stimulate somatic images in consciousness. When these are activated in a state of relaxation the anxiety content of the pathologic anatomical imagery is reduced. A case history involving desensitization treatment for a psychoneurotic patient's psychophysiologic symptom of premature ejaculation is cited. It is primarily designed to alert interested clinical investigators to this technical innovation in treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

The impact of surgery on body image.

Surgery has an impact on the patient's view of himself and his body. It is within the professional nurse's realm to skillfully assess, make a nursing diagnosis, plan, and follow through on findings of body image assessment. Operating room nurses can expand their roles by contributing to this dimension of care. Because of their close contact with the patient, they are in an ideal situation to attend to this patient need. O.R. nurses need not be "little psychiatrists" in order to do this--only caring, intelligent, resourceful persons who use the nursing process and truly place the patient's welfare above all else.

Anxiety↗
PubMed2026

The effects of fitspiration TikTok content on body image and mood among young adult women in the U.S.

Fitspiration is an appearance-based form of media that promotes physical fitness and dieting. While not true of all fitspiration media, some forms promote these ideals through visuals of toned, athletic bodies that have become increasingly prevalent on the short-form video platform, TikTok. Although often framed as health-promoting, fitspiration exposure has been associated with upward appearance comparison (i.e., comparison with people perceived as more attractive) and negative effects on body image and mood. The present study investigated the effects of short-form video-based fitspiration on social comparison, appearance importance, appearance anxiety, body dissatisfaction, and negative affect. Using an experimental design, 150 undergraduate women (Mage = 19.28) in the United States were randomly assigned to view a five-minute TikTok compilation of either animal (n = 75) or fitspiration videos (n = 75). Participants completed baseline measures prior to viewing and state-level measures after completing their video set. Results indicated that, relative to control, viewing fitspiration content led to greater social comparison, appearance concerns, feelings of being fat, and sadness. Baseline appearance concerns and depressive symptoms significantly moderated group differences in responses, such that negative fitspiration effects on state-level appearance concerns were found among individuals high but not low in baseline appearance concerns and among individuals low but not high in baseline depressive symptoms. These findings contribute to the growing literature on fitspiration by demonstrating the immediate psychological effects of this content in short-form videos and highlighting the importance of considering individual differences in vulnerability.

Humans↗
PubMed1975

Psychodynamics of the young handicapped person.

Psychodynamics of personality and ego development are related to motor development. The body image concept, important for normal psychologic performance is often impaired by somatic or cerebral defects. Adolescents are particularly depressed by loss of self-esteem and thwarting of future career goals. Sexuality is an important consideration for the handicapped.

Body Image↗
PubMed1977

Gains and losses of vascular surgery patients.

Understanding the gains and losses experienced by the patient and his family aids in assessing the psychologic sequela of peripheral vascular surgery. Placing the patients' individual responses into the categories of: function, self-directiveness, self-definition, and future orientation offers a way to conceptualize the meaning of the illness to the patient. Factors such as physical mobility and integrity, self-concept and body image greatly influence the adaption process. Conceptually, these elements provide a framework upon which to base nursing intervention. Careful observation, skillful interviewing, and interpersonal support are appropriate nursing considerations when caring for the patient with peripheral vascular disease. The goal of adaption is a successful reintegration of the whole person,which comes from an acceptance of both gains and losses experienced in surviving peripheral vascular surgery.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Permanent total parenteral nutrition: psychological and social responses of the early stages.

Permanent Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) is a life-saving but complicated procedure which has profound effects upon the lives of patients and their families, but there is a dearth of information on the the psychosocial consequences of this unique form of therapy. The authors worked with 19 consecutive TPN patients in hospital and after discharge and observed their reactions. It was found that the earliest stages were the most difficult, with anxiety, depression, fear, and negative body image predictable and universal experiences. Major adjustment problems centered around the loss of the basic function, eating. This artificial form of feeding forced multiple alterations in the patients' life styles. Their ability to cope with this intrusive procedure was related to the level of restitution of physical health, ego strength, and the family and hospital support systems. If, in addition to being a life-sustaining procedure, TPN is to restore the psychological stability of patients, all team members must be aware of the psychosocial factors involved.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2026

Human-AI Interaction With AI-Assisted Tumor Overlays in Pediatric Whole-Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Exploratory Reader Study.

BACKGROUND: AI tools have the potential to enhance personalized clinical care, particularly in radiology. However, their integration into clinical workflows remains complex, especially in pediatric oncology, where early cancer detection is critical. Children with Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), a rare cancer predisposition disorder, undergo regular surveillance whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (wbMRI), which presents an opportunity for AI-assisted tumor detection. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the feasibility of an AI-assisted overlay for highlighting tumor-like regions in pediatric surveillance wbMRI and explored how access to the overlay influenced radiologist workflow, candidate-lesion marking behavior, follow-up recommendations, and perceived workload. METHODS: We developed a patch-based AI segmentation model trained on augmented 2D slices from 675 surveillance wbMRI volumes of pediatric patients with LFS. The model was designed to highlight regions with high tumor probability. A reader study was conducted with 2 radiologists who independently reviewed wbMRI cases both with and without AI assistance. We measured evaluation time, number and location of reader-marked candidate lesions, type of follow-up recommendation, and subjective feedback using structured questionnaires. RESULTS: AI assistance altered interpretation workflows for both radiologists, with mixed effects. On average, the time required to evaluate each case increased when using the AI tool for both radiologists. However, one radiologist had an increase in the number of candidate lesion locations selected with the tool, and one had a decrease in the number of candidate lesion locations selected with the tool. Subjective feedback indicated that one of the radiologists reported lower mental demand with the AI tool, while both radiologists reported lower stress with the AI tool. Interrater variability was evident, underscoring the need for personalized calibration of AI tools. CONCLUSIONS: AI-assisted wbMRI interpretation can improve tumor detection in pediatric cancer surveillance by reducing false negatives. However, its influence on workflow efficiency and interradiologist variability highlights the importance of careful implementation. Successful integration requires addressing challenges such as improving the predictive precision of AI models, offering intuitive end-user designs and instructions, and building trust in AI outputs. AI outputs can influence workflow and behavior in reader-specific ways. Clinical translation will require larger, randomized, multireader studies and model refinement to reduce false positives and quantify lesion-level reader performance. This can help ensure better patient outcomes in addition to reduced clinician burnout.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Self-Report Health Screening Tools in Female Athletes: A Systematic Review of Domain Coverage, Validation, and Use Across Participation Levels.

BACKGROUND: Female athlete health encompasses multiple interconnected domains; however, the self-report screening tools used to assess these domains have not been comprehensively synthesised. OBJECTIVE: To systematically identify self-report health screening tools used to assess female athlete health, map domain coverage, determine validation reporting, and describe application across participation levels. METHODS: This systematic review was pre-registered with PROSPERO ( CRD420251056910 ) and conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Four databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science) were searched from inception to January 2026 using female health and screening-related terms. Methodological quality was appraised using Joanna Briggs Institute and National Institutes of Health tools, and findings were synthesised descriptively. Eligible, peer-reviewed studies reported the use, development or validation of self-report health screening tools assessing one or more domains relevant to female health applied in female athlete populations, spanning recreational through elite participation levels. All sports and activities were included. The search was restricted to English language with no date limits. RESULTS: In total, 360 studies (1990-2026) representing 134,506 female participants spanning recreational to elite sport and 273 screening tools were included. Mental health (n = 77, 34.1%), disordered eating (n = 33, 14.6%) and body image (n = 30, 13.3%) predominated. Domains related to female health, including menstrual health, pelvic floor health, pregnancy/postpartum and breast health were comparatively underrepresented. Most studies reported tools were used for risk identification (n = 323, 80.3%). Validation reporting was inconsistent, with half (n = 180, 50%) reporting use of at least one validated tool. Tool use was concentrated in professional and elite sport, with limited inclusion of recreational, masters and disability athlete cohorts. Health literacy constructs were explicitly assessed in 12.5% of studies (n = 45). CONCLUSIONS: Health screening in female athlete populations remains fragmented and uneven in domain coverage, with inconsistent validation reporting. Development of integrated, multi-domain and contextually inclusive screening frameworks is warranted.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2026

Gender-specific pathways linking body dissatisfaction, self-disgust, and social anxiety in Chinese adolescents: A three-wave longitudinal study.

Adolescence is a critical period for physical and psychological development. Body dissatisfaction is a significant concern during this stage, contributing to psychological issues such as social anxiety. However, the longitudinal relationships among body dissatisfaction, self-disgust, and social anxiety, as well as the potential role of gender differences in these dynamics, remain unclear. A total of 1109 junior high school students in China completed the baseline survey, with data collected at three time points (Mage = 12.67 years, SD = 0.68; 51.9% girls). Data were collected using the Body Areas Satisfaction Scale (BASS), the Self-Disgust Scale (SDS), and the Social Anxiety Scale for Children (SASC). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to examine the longitudinal mediating effects among body dissatisfaction, self-disgust, and social anxiety, as well as to explore gender differences in these relationships. After controlling for autoregressive effects of self-disgust and social anxiety across waves, body dissatisfaction at T1 was found to indirectly predict social anxiety at T3 through self-disgust at T2, while indirectly predicting self-disgust at T3 through social anxiety at T2. Multi-group analyses revealed significant gender differences: for females, only the mediating pathway with self-disgust as the mediator was significant; for males, only the pathway with social anxiety as the mediator was significant. These findings contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the emotional mechanisms linking body dissatisfaction to social anxiety and highlight the importance of considering gender-specific pathways in prevention and intervention efforts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

Exercise prehabilitation in head and neck cancer patients proposed for definitive chemoradiotherapy: The FIT4TREAT randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) initially scheduled for definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) often experience early functional decline and deterioration in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) even before treatment initiation. Evidence for prehabilitation in this non-surgical setting remains limited. This study evaluated whether exercise prehabilitation (EP) initiated before CRT improves functional capacity compared with usual care (UC). METHODS: FIT4TREAT (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05418842) was a prospective, single-center, randomized clinical trial. Adults with HNC proposed for definitive CRT were randomly assigned (1:1) to EP or UC. EP consisted of supervised combined aerobic and resistance exercise performed three times per week from baseline until radiotherapy initiation. The primary outcome was the six-minute walk distance (6MWD) at the end of the pre-treatment period. Secondary outcomes included muscle strength, lower-limb functionality, body composition, and HRQoL assessed using the EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-HN43. RESULTS: Between May 2021 and February 2025, 47 patients were enrolled; 40 were included in the primary analysis. After adjustment for baseline 6MWD and the randomization stratification variables, EP resulted in a significantly greater pre-treatment 6MWD than UC (adjusted between-group difference, 28.6&#xa0;m; 95&#xa0;% CI, 4.1-53.1; P&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.023). EP also improved lower-limb functionality (P&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.001) and was associated with better preservation in the QLQ-C30 summary score (P&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.008), social functioning (P&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.038) and body image (P&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.011). CONCLUSION: EP before definitive CRT improves functional capacity and may help preserve HRQoL in patients with HNC, supporting its potential integration into routine oncology care.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Anorexia nervosa in males.

Five cases of anorexia nervosa in males aged 13--23 years are described. Four patients presented to a general medical outpatient clinic with emaciation, and the fifth was diagnosed retrospectively. Sinus bradycardia was a useful pointer to the diagnosis, which was confirmed by the finding of characteristic psychopathological features of a relentless "pursuit of thinness", along with a fear of becoming obese.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

Physical Appearance Anxiety and Eating Disorders Symptomatology: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The present study aimed to assess the link between physical appearance anxiety (PAA) and eating disorder (ED) symptomatology by a meta-analysis of existing literature. Eligible studies were searched across six electronic databases up until November 20, 2025. Pooled effect sizes (r) were calculated using random-effects models. Potential variables that influence effect heterogeneity were analyzed by univariable and multivariable meta-regressions. Influence analyses and a three-parameter selection model (3PSM) were used to assess robustness of the results and publication bias. Twenty-seven effect sizes from 21 studies (N&#x2009;=&#x2009;5261) were obtained. The results indicated a strong association (i.e., r&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.559) between the two variables under consideration, which was notably stronger (i) among females compared to males; and (ii) for overall eating disorder symptoms rather than bulimic symptoms. The results of this study advocate for further investigation into the effectiveness of addressing anxiety responses related to personal body traits, particularly among females, within the context of preventing and treating eating disorders.

Humans↗