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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Haemoglobins in cattle and buffalo. Haemoglobin types of Bos taurus, Bos indicus, Bos banteng and Bubalis bubalis in northern Australia.

The frequency of haemoglobin types in several major breeds of cattle in northern Austrailia was determined. In all Boss taurus cattle examined only the three common bovine haemoglobin types (AA, AB, BB) were found. F2 Africander cross-breeds showed only AA patterns. The frequency of haemoglobin B was significantly higher in Bos indicus type cattle than in Bos taurus breeds. In the pure breed Banteng cattle (Bos banteng) three genotypes (BB, CB, CC) were present. The eleven buffaloes types each showed two haemoglobins (A1 and A2) in proporotions of 71 to 29 respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Relationships of musculus rhomboideus, ligamentum nuchae and vertebrae thoracis and lumbales in Bos indicus.

The funicular part of the ligamentum nuchae of Bos indicus attaches to the dorsolateral edges of the bifid spines of the seventh thoracic through third lumbar vertebrate. Cranially, the funiculus nuchae runs freely medial to the deep thoracic fascia which separates it from the overlying rhomboideus thoracis. The zebu hump is composed primarily of rhomboideus cervicis which in the thoracic position is clearly separable from underlying structures.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Histological and histochemical aspects of the mucosa of the nasal conchae in the zebu (Bos indicus).

In various respiratory areas of the mucosa of the nasal conchae of the zebu (Bos indicus) there is a quantitative variation of goblet cells. The glands are tubular or tubulo-alveolar, having morphologically serous and mucous cells. The excretory ducts are formed by non-secreting cells. The goblet cells and glands elaborate a glycoprotein. The carbohydrate portion is probably an association of neutral mucopolysaccharides, sulphated acid mucopolysacchardies and sialic acid and its proteic portion contains alpha-amino radicals. Tryptophan- and tyrosine-rich proteins are demonstrated only in the glandular secretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Some effects of reduced energy intake on the development of anaplasmosis in Bos indicus cross steers.

Some effects of the plane of nutrition on the development of anaplasmosis in Brahman cross steers were investigated. Batches of 39 and 30 Brahman cross steers, aged approximately 27 months were each divided by stratified randomisation into 4 groups of similar mean PCV and body weight. Two similar experiments, designated A and B were conducted. Groups 1 and 2 were fed a ration of lucerne chaff at the rate of 1 M Cal ME/80 kg live weight/day for 8 weeks aimed to reduce body weight by approximately 5 kg/week. Animals in groups 3 and 4 were fed a ration for the same period aimed to increase body weight by approximately 2 kg/week. Groups 1 and 3 were then inoculated with approximately 10(10) Anaplasma marginale infected erythrocytes and the effects of the subsequent infections during the clinical and recovery phases were examined by measuring humoral antibody response, packed cell volume, parasitaemia and body weight. Groups 2 and 4 were uninfected controls. Anaplasmosis, as measured by three responses, was less severe in the starved animals of group 1. Significant differences in packed cell volume and parasitaemia were detected for short periods between the infected groups 1 and 3. Anaplasmosis caused losses of 6.2% and 5.9% in the mean body weight of group 3 animals in experiments A and B respectively. Most of this loss occurred during the clinical phase of the disease. The disease caused no apparent loss of weight in the infected animals of group 1.

Anaplasmosis↗
PubMed1978

Immunogenicity and pathogenicity of three South African strains of Babesia bovis in Bos indicus cattle.

A strain of Babesia bovis, which has been routinely used in the locally produced babesiosis vaccine for two decades and maintained by needle passage, was of low virulence and therefore safe, but it induced poor protection to challenge with two field isolates. Animals infected with this attenuated strain and subsequently challenged heterologously with a field strain were solidly immune when challenged later with a 2nd field strain. The two field strains, though more virulent, conferred a high degree of immunity to heterologous challenge.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Y chromosome morphology of cattle.

Metaphase chromosomes from cultured lymphocytes were prepared from 246 bulls including Bos indicus, Bos taurus. Bos (Bibos) banteng, Sanga and interspecific and intra-specific breed crosses. Morphology and karyotype position of the Y chromosome for each bull were noted. Karyotype position of the Y chromosome varied between bulls from 25th to 29th pair and the Y chromosomes of Bos indicus and breeds derived from Bos indicus bulls were acrocentric while those of Bos taurus, Sanga and breeds derived from these bulls were metacentric/submetacentric. Two forms of Y chromosome were noted in the Droughtmaster breed. C-banding patterns of the acrocentric Y chromosome were characteristic and enabled easy identification.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Genomic analysis of breed composition and population structure in Montana composite cattle.

The Montana composite was developed in Brazil from crosses between Bos indicus and Bos taurus and structured into four biological types: Zebu (N), adapted taurine (A), British taurine (B), and continental taurine (C). This study aimed to characterize the genetic diversity and population structure of the Montana composite using genomic data through principal component analysis (PCA), admixture analysis, and Wright's FST statistic. The PCA revealed a clear separation between Bos indicus and Bos taurus groups, with Montana animals distributed in an intermediate position. The first two principal components explained 69.48% and 3.45% of the total variation, respectively. Supervised admixture estimates indicated a predominance of taurine contribution, with type A accounting for 34.47%, 52.64%, and 51.71% at K&#x2009;=&#x2009;4, 9, and 11, respectively. Increasing the ancestry resolution refined the contribution of individual founder breeds without changing the overall predominance of taurine ancestry. Comparisons between breed proportions obtained from pedigree and genomic data revealed significant differences, for most biological types and ancestry models (P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001), indicating that realized breed composition deviates from theoretical expectations. Estimates of genetic differentiation confirmed greater divergence between Zebu and taurine groups, as well as reduced distances among populations sharing common ancestry. Specific relationships were identified between the composite and some of its founder breeds, particularly Belmont Red, Senepol, and Tuli. Overall, the results demonstrate that the Montana composite has a complex genomic structure, with genomic ancestry varying according to the resolution adopted and differing from pedigree-based expectations.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

A genome-wide assessment of the population structure of thirteen admixed and pure Australian beef cattle breeds.

Knowledge of population structure is a key factor for successful multi-breed genomic prediction, especially in single-step analysis when metafounders are considered. In Australia, current assessments mostly focus on single breeds using a single-step genomic prediction method. However, the effective integration of pedigree, phenotypic, and genomic data in a multi-breed framework still requires further research, especially for combined analyses including admixed and multi-breed populations. This study began with 602,952 genotyped individuals with 8K SNPs in common from 13 beef cattle breeds (Alexandria, Angus, Brahman, Brangus, Charolais, Droughtmaster, Hereford, Kynuna, Limousin, Santa Gertrudis, Shorthorn, Speckle Park, and Wagyu). Due to different numbers of animals being genotyped in each breed, a representative subset of animals was chosen by employing a validated sampling strategy using Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM) complemented by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) within each breed. Subsequently, a specific number of animals in each cluster were randomly selected to capture the entire genetic diversity per breed, with a total of 260 animals from each breed. The first three principal components explained 59.89% of the total variation, with PC1 (33.54%) clearly separating Bos indicus from Bos taurus lineages. Admixture analysis identified stable ancestral components and defined the genetic makeup of both pure and composite populations. The results showed extensive genetic diversity in some breeds and highlighted distinct genetic differences between Bos indicus and Bos taurus breeds. In addition, six composite breeds' admixture levels confirmed their origin and breed history, revealing a directional shift in ancestry proportions by a longitudinal increase in Brahman ancestry within tropical composites over time. Thus, the findings pave the way for more effective utilization of genetic diversity both within and across populations and provide a framework for designing multi-breed genetic evaluations and breeding programs to improve productivity and profitability in Australian beef production.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

C- and G-banding patterns and chromosomal morphology of some breeds of Australian cattle.

A cytogenetical study using metaphase chromosomes from cultured lymphocytes, was made of 2 Banteng (Bibos banteng) steers and 218 bulls representing 13 purebreeds (Bos taurus type, Bos indicus type and Sanga) and 7 cross-breeds. Studies were made of photographic karyotypes of Giemsa stained and C-banded chromosomes of bulls of each breed and of B-banded chromosomes from 3 breeds of Bos indicus and one cross-breed Australian Friesian Sahiwal) cattle. The relative lengths of chromosomes of Bos taurus and Bos indicus bulls were compared and significant difference in relative lengths of the X chromosomes were noted between these two species. There was a differences in morphology of the Y chromosomes; Sanga, Banteng and Bos taurus type breeds had a small submetacentric Y chromosome, except for the Jersey which had a metacentric Y chromosome. All Bos indicus type bulls had an acrocentric Y chromosome but the Droughtmaster breed had two forms of the Y chromosome (submetacentric and acrocentric). The C-banding patterns of the autosomes and X chromosomes were similar for all breeds while those of the Y chromosomes of Bos indicus type cattle allowed their accurate identification. G-banding patterns of Bos indicus resembled those of Bos taurus and enabled pairing of homologous chromosomes. Centromeres of the autosomes were unstained but those of the sex chromosomes were darkly stained.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Methemoglobin reductase in three species of Bovidae.

Isoelectric focusing of red cell hemolysates revealed several isozymes that stain for NADH-methemoglobin reductase. Evidence for two different genetic loci controlling the banding patterns was obtained. One locus controlled a single band present in all animals tested. The second locus controlled ten different banding patterns that could be accounted for by four codominant alleles. Band B occurred in Bison bison. Bands A and C occurred in Bos indicus and band D occurred in both Bos indicus and Bos taurus. Bands A, C, and D were not observed in Bison bison and bands A, B, and C were not observed in Bos taurus.

Alleles↗